• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2014

Since 2005, when "The Mobility Enhancement for the Mobility Impaired Act" was enacted, special transport systems(SPS) has been introduced by each responsible local entity. For its efficient operations and service enhancements, a clear understanding of travel patterns of SPS users is required. Yet we currently have a very limited understanding about them due to a lack of necessary data. This study represents an attempt to provide a better understanding of SPS user's travel patterns with the data generated by Gyeongsangnam-do SPS Call Center. The data include the number, time and day of calls, origins and destinations of callers, types of callers' impairement etc. The data thus allow one to analyze users' travel patterns, including area-wide O-D patterns. There were a number of interesting findings. For example, wheelchair users are only about 42% and the trips are made mostly on non-peak daytime periods. The results are expected to provide a helpful information not just for Center's SPS operations, but for other local entities that are interested in developing similar call centers as well. By refining the SPS system, periodic patterns of callers could be identified in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.121-153
• /
• 2013

We investigated the flora of Mudeung-san (Mt.) located in Gwangju-gwangyeoksi, Hwasun-gun and Damyang-gun and discussed the vascular plants found there. 22 days separate fild trips were completed from March of 2009 to November 2011. As a result, we identified the distribution of 816 taxa in Mudeung-san (Mt.), comprising 123 families, 441 genera, 668 species, 5 subspecies, 121 varieties and 18 forms. There are a total 111 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants. The floristic regional indicator plants are as follows; nine taxa of level V such as Gastrodia elata Blume, six taxa of level IV such as Hylomecon hylomeconoides T. Lee, 21 taxa of level III such as Stewartia korena Nakai, 18 taxa of level II, and 66 taxa of level I. In addition, two critically endangered species (CR), Galeola septentrionalis Rchb.f. and Paeonia obovata Maxim., two endangered species (EN), Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) C.Chr. and Jeffersonia dubia Benth., and eight vulnerable species (VU), such as Lilium callosum Siebold & Zucc, were found in the investigated area. Also, 14 endermic plants of Korea, such as Salix koriyanagi Kimura and Aconitium chiisanense Nakai, were found.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1992

Fresh fungi were collected during field trips to Ullung Island from August, 1990, to September, 1991. Among them, some polyporoid fungi were recognized to the species. Thirty three species were identified, among which nine fungi were confirmed new in Korea and registered here with descriptions. These fungi are Auriporia aurulenta, Ceriporiopsis gilvescens, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Junghuhnia separabilima, Oligoporus stipticus, Oxyporus similis, Phellinus lavigatus, and Polyporus melanopus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.5191-5198
• /
• 2010

Although numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between subway travel demand (STD) and various characteristics of subway catchment area (SCA), a few studies examined the relationship between STD and the structure of pedestrian networks within each SCA. Hence, this study evaluates the structure of pedestrian networks within 79 SCAs in the city of Busan using Space syntax and investigates the relationship between STD and several characteristics of SCA including the spatial structure of pedestrian network. The analysis results show that the spatial integration of pedestrian networks within the SCAs, which represents the magnitudes of walking accessibility to subway station, is positively associated with STD among the three spatial indexes such as integration, connectivity, and intelligibility. In addition, the results show that STD significantly increases as the number of travel gathering facilities and the average floor area ratio within the SCAs increase. This study ultimately corroborates that designing the grid pedestrian network and assigning the travel gathering facilities to the compact buildings within SCAs are needed to ameliorate the spatial structure of SCA in the city of Busan as transit-oriented development system.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.1 s.88
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 1999

Wood-rotting fungi of the Aphyllophorales were collected through field trips to mountain areas of the country from January to December of 1997. Through the observation and identification of specimens, two genera, Meruliopsis (type species=M. taxicola) and Pseudomerulius (type species=P. aureus), and four species, Phanerochaete calotricha, Phanerochaete chrysorhiza, Meruliopsis corium, and Pseudomerulius aureus were confirmed as new wood-rotting fungi to Korea and are registered here with descriptions.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2006

This study is on the kindergarten uniforms in Changwon, south Gyeongsang province. The first part of this research is on whether or not students should wear uniforms and how often they should wear uniforms. The research also deals with what types of uniforms are required, how much they should cost and their size. Fifty one preschools including kindergarten and nursery were targeted for this research. The second part of the research is on the discrepancy of the labeled size and the actual size of the child. The results of the first part are as follows: A total of 46 out of 51 places adopted uniforms for their children. Sports wear style is the most popular for spring, fall and summer uniforms. For wearing frequency of kindergarten uniforms, 26 (61%) places allowed the students to wear uniforms for special events such as picnics or observation trips 17(34%) places had the students wear their uniforms on a daily basis and 2 3 times only wearing a week.'rho preschool children interviewed for this study were from 2 to 5 in lull age. However, sizes with high frequency rates were 9 to 11 and the supplied sizes of uniforms were from 5 to 17. The results of the second part are as follows: The bust girth and the shoulder width of upper garments of uniforms are bigger than children's physical size, while clothes length and sleeve length are relatively shorter. Also the bust girth of upper garments of uniforms differs in the size depending on each preschool. The waist girth and the total length of lower garments of uniforms are made smaller than children's physical sizes, while hip girth is relatively larger. In the case of lower garments, the rest parts of cloth length are smaller than upper garments of uniforms. Also, the waist girth and hip width of uniforms are smaller than those of lower garments In summer garments, while thigh width is similar in both cases. The waist width is made too small. Described in the above excluding the waist width, the rest parts are relatively larger than children's physical sizes, but shorter in the length. Due to the length, children at age 7 may wear uniforms in the level of 17. Since summer uniforms touch the students' bare skin, the rest parts excluding clothes length are shorter than these of the spring and fall uniforms. In the case of clothes length, it seems to be due to different designs. The waist width of lower garments in all the uniforms tested in this study is too small for children, requiring them to be made in a larger size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2015

The KOTI(Korea Transport Institute) released the new version of KTDB(Korea Transport DataBase) in public. The new KTDB is different from the past KTDB in using the concept of trip generation and trip attraction instead of using the concept of Origin-Destination (OD), which was used in the past KTDB. Thus, the appropriate analysis method for future travel demand became necessary for the new type of KTDB. The method should be based on the concept of PA(Production-Attraction). This study focused on analysis of trip generation and trip distribution related to newly generated trips by future land developments. The study also described clearly the standardized forecasting process and methods with PA travel tables. The study showed that the analysis results with OD-based analysis can be different from the results with PA-based analysis in forecasting travel demand for a simple example case even though they used exactly same orignal travel data. Therefore, this study emphasized that a proper method should be applied with the new PA-based KTDB. It is necessary to prepare and disseminate guidelines of the proper forecasting method and application with PA-based travel data for practician.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study is to analyze the travel behaviors of customers accessing to three different types of shopping facilities - traditional markets(TM), hyper markets(HM), and super supermarkets(SSM) - and also to find out the most desirable location for each type of shopping facilities that encourage sustainable transportation and smart urban growth. It also demonstrates what mode has the highest percentage of modal split and what is the access distance for public transport mode by each shopping facilities (SSM: 84.5% walking and 667m, TM: 20.1% bus and 1.6km, HM : 46.2% private car and 4.2km). Among TM, HM, and SSM, statistically significant differences are found in terms of mode choices and other associated travel behaviors. The research findings are expected to contribute to finding future urban planning and transportation solutions that promote walking and public transit uses for shopping trips and thus help support green transportation and sustainable urban growth.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2013

Purpose - Inducing consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center is a critical issue for managers since it can be used as a guide for developing marketing strategies. Low prices could lead to a growth in retail purchases, but there might also be a positive relationship between prices and customer perceptions of product quality. The extent to which consumers use price as a predictor of quality may differ according to the availability of important alternative cues such as brand, store name, and identity salience triggered by the store. Consumers can obtain non-economic benefits from marketing exchanges that go beyond basic economic achievement. We argue that identity salience can play a crucial mediating role when consumers, acting as exchange partners, seek to obtain social benefits. This study shows that identity salience could mediate the relationship between identity salience-inducing factors such as multi-finality, prestige and role performance, and consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Research design, data and methodology - The survey was conducted on college students enrolled in marketing classes. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, of which only 194 were returned. After five incomplete questionnaires were excluded, a final sample of 189 was used for empirical analysis. Using a covariance structural analysis in Amos17, we confirmed the fit of the research model and estimated its parameters by using the maximum likelihood method. Results - The results of the hypotheses testing are as follows. First, both identity salience and economic benefits have positive effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Second, role performance, prestige, and multi-finality have positive effects on identity salience. Finally, the additive analysis of the direct effects of identity salience-inducing factors shows that the role performance, prestige, and multi-finality factors have no direct effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center, suggesting that identity salience plays a positive mediating role. Conclusions - This study informs marketers that not only price but shoppers' identity salience directly affects their intent to visit an outlet shopping center. To strengthen shoppers' identity salience, marketers should find ways to help shoppers fulfill their multiple social roles, realize their multiple goals, and achieve prestige. In other words, outlet shopping centers must improve their personal service environment in order to enhance their employees' service quality and assist the execution of multi-finality by minimizing the perceived costs (e.g., travel time, effort) associated with shopping trips, thus making it easier for consumers to combine visits to multiple stores in outlet shopping centers and buy the items required for their consumption goals. Outlet shopping centers must also offer assortments with both breadth and depth in order to help consumers play the social roles their social networks have given them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.709-719
• /
• 2010

As the world has had a high recognition of security since 9/11 attacks in 2001, many countries and international organizations around the world are making strenuous efforts in establishing stronger security, centering on areas with high possibility of terrorist attacks. In particular, harbor facilities where a great deal of trade take place between countries, have high possibilities of becoming the objects of terrorist attacks and also of becoming places of trading objects and illegal items which might be leveraged for terror attacks. In this study, I have explained the current status of the harbor entrance system through existing documents, interviews and field trips to harbors and have also introduced improvement measures using RFID technology from the viewpoint of BP(Business Process). I expect that this study will be used as basic materials because I have studied the number of people entering harbors and working procedures for vehicle entrance, which have not been studied so far and also laid out various factors to be considered to introduce RFID technology.