• Neurospine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2018

As spine surgery flourished in Taiwan and neurosurgeons became more involved in spine surgery towards the end of the 20th century, the Taiwan Neurosurgical Spine Society (TNSS), earlier named the Taiwan Neurospinal Society, was established on March 11, 2001. As its main founder, Dr. Chun-I Huang was elected as the first president of the TNSS. The goals of the TNSS were to promote research, to hold academic seminars, to participate in international conferences, and to exchange clinical experiences. The mission of the TNSS was successful, and the profession of spine surgery in Taiwan advanced during the first decade of the 21st century, culminating in the TNSS joining ASIA SPINE in 2010. Since its establishment, the TNSS has always been supportive of collaboration and communication with the Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society and the Neurospinal Society of Japan. Through periodical meetings, supported by the TNSS, surgeons worldwide have enjoyed a platform of sharing and mutual learning. To further promote academic research, the TNSS has officially supported the journal Neurospine since 2018. With extensive efforts from local and international surgeons, the TNSS will continue to adhere to its mission and to advance the profession of spine surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2011

Objective : The efficacy of auricular acupuncture for the treatment of allergic rhinitis has been reported. Methods : Twelve rhinitis patients patients were enrolled in this study. Every patient received auricular acupuncture 2 times a week during 4 weeks. Auricular acupuncture points used were M101(肺), M13(副腎), M16(內鼻), M22(內分泌), M33(額), M55(神門). Patients nasal symptoms and QOL were assessed before and after 4 weeks treatment by total nasal symptom score(TNSS), total non nasal symptom score(TNNSS) and Rhinoconjuctivitis quality of life questionnaires(RQLQ). Results : 1. Among items of TNSS, nasal congestion-sneezing were significantly improved. and Total TNSS Scores were significantly improved.(p<0.05) 2. TNNSS were no significant difference. 3. Among items of RQLQ, nasal&eye problem&nasal symptom were significantly improved.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.91-104
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Intranasal Bloodletting Therapeutics on the Allergic Rhinitis. Methods : 8 patients were treated by intranasal bloodletting therapeutics to recover from allergic rhinitis. The symtoms were evaluated by total nasal sympton score(TNSS), verbal numerical rating scale(VNRS). Results : Total nasal sympton score(TNSS) was significantly improved and verbal numerical rating scale(VNRS) was decreased in all cases. Conclusion : Intranasal bloodletting therapeutics is effective to allergic Rhinitis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Intranasal acupuncture treatment in allergic rhinitis patients. Methods: This study was carried with the 42 pediatric allergic rhinitis who had been treated in our hospital. Inner young-hyang was used for the intranasal acupuncture points. Their nasal cavity was observed via anterior rhinoscopy. We induced patient's inferior turbiante bleeding by acupuncture. Patients nasal symtoms and QOL(quality of life) were assessed by the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Korean Rhinitisian(QLQKR). Results: Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Korean Rhinitisian(QLQKR) were significantly improved. Conclusions: Intranasal acupuncture treatment is relatively effective in treating pediatric allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

Objectives : This report was performed to observe the effects of bloodletting therapy on the rhinitis patients. Methods : 2 patients with rhinitis were treated by bloodletting therapy. We evaluated the pre-and post-treatment symptoms by NRS(numbering rating scale) and TNSS(total nasal symptom score). Results : After treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis and NRS were decreased and TNSS was improved. Conclusions : Bloodletting therapy in nasal cavity is effective to Rinitis.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to report the improvement of a patient with chronic rhinitis treated with herbal medication using the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods : According to the Shanghanlun DPIDS and an etymological interpretation of Chinese characters, the patient was diagnosed with Reverting yin disease (provision 352) and took Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang herbal medication for 50 days. The change in symptoms of chronic rhinitis were estimated using the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), and a visual analog scale (VAS). Results : The TNSS score decreased from 8 to 3, the RCAT score decreased from 14 to 24, and the VAS decreased from 10 to 2. Conclusions : The main causes of the disease were 厥 and 內. This is the first case report of describing the treatment of chronic rhinitis with Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : We performed a clinical study to investigate characteristics of pattern identifications using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods : We assessed 32 patients with allergic rhinitis using nasal endoscopy, classifications of allergic rhinitis and it's impact on asthma (ARIA) and total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Results : The watery rhinorrhea score of nasal endoscopy was significantly high in 'persistent and moderate/severe' group (P<0.05). Patients were classified as rhinorrhea group and nasal obstruction group according to nasal endoscopy. TNSS and rhinorrhea score was significantly high in rhinorrhea group (P<0.05). Conclusions : The result may provide that the watery rhinorrhea of nasal endoscopy is useful as 'Cold' and 'Deficiency' pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Objectives : Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang(黃連解毒湯) is a representative herbal formula with "clear heat(淸熱)" effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang-based intranasal herbal ointment Biyeom-go based on the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPIQ). Methods : We performed a subgroup analysis of the previously published prospective observational study. A total of 58 patients with rhinitis were administered Biyeom-go for 4 weeks, and its effects on the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS), Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(Mini-RQLQ) score, and nasal endoscopy index score were analyzed based on CHPIQ. Results : Among the 58 patients, the heat and non-heat patterns were shown by 39 and 19 patients, respectively, while the cold and non-cold patterns were shown by 46 and 12 patients, respectively. The change in TNSS from baseline negatively correlated with the heat pattern score(p=0.011). Improvement in TNSS was greater in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, with a borderline significant difference(p=0.07). Mini-RQLQ and nasal endoscopy index scores tended to be lower in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, but without a statistically significant difference. Conclusion : The findings indicate that CHPIQ is a useful tool for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with rhinitis. This study provides fundamental evidence of the close association between the cold-heat pattern in patients with rhinitis and the treatment effects of Biyeom-go.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.675-686
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an Allergic Rhinitis-Specific Quality of Life (ARSQOL) scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: ARSQOL was developed in 5 steps. Items for the preliminary instrument of ARSQOL were developed through a literature review and deep interviews with allergic rhinitis patients. Face validity with Content Validity Index (CVI), construct validity using factor analysis, and known group comparison, criterion validity test using correlation between ARSQOL and total nasal symptoms score (TNSS) were conducted to evaluate the validity of ARSQOL. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to evaluate the reliability of ARSQOL. Results: CVI for the items in the final ARSQOL were. 92. Five factors including discomfort associated with nasal symptoms (4 items), physical function (7 items), mental function (5 items), sleep disorder and social function (4 items), and problems of daily life (6 items) were identified through factor analysis and these five factors explained 66.6% of the total variance. The correlation coefficient between TNSS and the total score of life quality was -.69. In the group comparison, the persistent allergic rhinitis group showed lower ARSQOL scores than the intermittent patient group, and moderate to the severe allergic rhinitis patient group presented poorer ARSQOL than the mild symptom patient group. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability coefficient was .95. Conclusion: Results show that the ARSQOL has good reliability and validity and thus ARSQOL is a useful scale for clinical practices and research as a measure of quality of life in adults with allergicr hinitis.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2011

Decision making in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Consultation on the Coastal Area Utilization (CCAU) is footing on the survey reports, thus requires concrete and accurate information on the natural habitats. In spite of the importance of reporting the ecological quality and status of habitats, the accumulated knowledge and recent techniques in ecology such as the use of investigated cases and indicators/indices have not been utilized in evaluation processes. Even the EIA report does not contain sufficient information required in a decision making process for conservation and development. In addition, for CCAU, sampling efforts were so limited that only two or a few stations were set in most study cases. This hampers transferring key ecological information to both specialist review and decision making processes. Hence, setting the effective number of sampling stations can be said as a prior step for better assessment. We introduced a few statistical techniques to determine the number of sampling stations in macrobenthos surveys. However, the application of the techniques requires a preliminary study that cannot be performed under the current assessment frame. An analysis of the spatial configuration of sampling stations from 19 previous studies was carried out as an alternative approach, based on the assumption that those configurations reported in scientific journal contribute to successful understanding of the ecological phenomena. The distance between stations and number of sampling stations in a $4{\times}4$ km unit area were calculated, and the medians of each parameter were 2.3 km, and 3, respectively. For each study, approximated survey area (ASA, $km^2$) was obtained by using the number of sampling stations in a unit area (NSSU) and total number of sampling stations (TNSS). To predict either appropriate ASA or NSSU/TNSS, we found and suggested statistically significant functional relationship among ASA, survey purpose and NSSU. This empirical approach will contribute to increasing sampling effort in a field survey and communicating with reasonable data and information in EIA and CCAU.