• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.74-94
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• 2016

Objectives : YangHyulEum Gami-Bang(YHEG) is a hair care extracts which is composed of fourteen plant extracts used in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of YangHyulEum Gami-Bang(YHEG) on the alopecia and hair growth.Methods & Results : The herbal extracts from YangHyulEum Gami-Bang(YHEG) was tested using in vivo and in vitro test models. 1. The YHEG extracts showed effect on the DNA proliferation of the hair dermal papilla cells measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. 2. YHEG showed promoting on the expression of growth factors such as IGF-1, KGF-1 and inhibiting on the expression of inhibitory hair growth factor such as TGF-β1, BMP-2 estimated by qPCR. 3. The YHEG extracts showed effect on the activation of β-catenin in the dermal papilla cells. 4. YHEG showed inhibitory effects of NO synthesis at 0.2% concentrations. 5. YHEG showed effects in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS gene in the LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 6. The hair growth index of the YHEG extracts ranked at over 2 when compared to control group which was ranked at 0. 7. The hair follicle number, length and size of the experimental group were remarkably higher than the control group in the histological observation.Conclusions : These results suggest that YangHyulEum Gami-Bang(YHEG) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used as a potent treatment agent for preventing hair loss and stimulating hair growth for treatment of alopecia.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2021

Shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) is a fat extracted from shea tree nuts and contains relatively high levels of non-glycerides. Triterpenes, the main non-glyceride component, exhibit a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. Shea butter extract (SBE) has been used to treat various skin problems such as burns, eczema, and rash in human medicine, but little is known about the activity of SBE on canine skin. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of SBE in canine keratinocytes. Cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5-50 ng/mL) and SBE (50-200 ㎍/mL) was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of LPS and SBE were administered to canine cell cultures to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of SBE, the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits. The concentration of each cytokine was quantified in control, LPS-treated, LPS + SBE-treated groups. Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12 were found in LPS-treated groups relative to control groups. LPS + SBE-treated groups showed a lower level of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12 than LPS-treated groups. These results suggest that SBE may have application as a topical agent for canine inflammatory skin diseases. However, further in vivo study is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBE in dogs.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Inflammation is a protective mechanism against pathogens, but if maintained continuously, it destroys tissue structures. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium often found in severe periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans invades epithelial cells and triggers inflammatory response in the immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of water-soluble rosehip extract on A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced inflammatory responses. A human monocytic cell line (THP-1) was differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-mystristate 13-acetate treatment. The cytotoxic effect of extract was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of extract on bacterial growth were examined by measuring the optical densities using a spectrophotometer. THP-1-derived macrophages were infected A. actinomycetemcomitans after extract treatment, and culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. Extract was not toxic to THP-1-derived macrophages. A. actinomycetemcomitans growth was inhibited by 1% extract. The extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 production. It also decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the extract inhibited the expression of inflammasome components, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, Absent in Melanoma 2, and apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. And cysteine-aspartic proteases-1 and IL-1β expression were decreased by the extract. In summary, extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and decreased inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting activation of MAP kinase, NF-κB, and inflammasome signaling. Rosehip extract could be effective in the treatment of periodontal inflammation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2022

Objectives: Gastrodia elata (GE) has been used to treat cognition impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GE water extracts (GEE) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD model in mice. (Aβ). Methods: We classified six groups as follow; group 1: control (CON), group 2: LPS (0.5 mg/kg/day, four times), group 3: 4 mg/kg donepezil (DP), group 4: 100 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 5: 200 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 6: 500 mg/kg GEE+LPS. Results: We found that GEE has an effect that inhibits decrease of discrimination index in object recognition test, as well as spontaneous alteration in the Y-maze test by LPS. Treatment with LPS increased amlyloid-β (Aβ) concentration, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cerebral cortex of mice. However, GEE significantly protected against LPS-induced Aβ and BDNF changes. Our findings also showed that the inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] mRNA and protein were up-regulated by the LPS injection. But GEE significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study suggests that the GEE may be an effective AD therapeutic agent, in treating neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.33.1-33.17
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• 2022

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have emerged as potential regulators of macrophage function. We have investigated mechanisms of SOCS3 action on type 2 macrophage (M2) differentiation induced by glucocorticoid using human monocytic cell lines and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment of THP1 monocytic cells with dexamethasone (Dex) induced ROS generation and M2 polarization promoting IL-10 and TGF-β production, while suppressing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production. SOCS3 over-expression reduced, whereas SOCS3 ablation enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β induction with concomitant regulation of ROS. As a mediator of M2 differentiation, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) was down-regulated by SOCS3 and up-regulated by shSOCS3. The induction of GILZ and IL-10 by Dex was dependent on ROS and p38 MAPK activity. Importantly, GILZ ablation led to the inhibition of ROS generation and anti-inflammatory cytokine induction by Dex. Moreover, GILZ knock-down negated the up-regulation of IL-10 production induced by shSOCS3 transduction. Our data suggest that SOCS3 targets ROS- and p38-dependent GILZ expression to suppress Dex-induced M2 polarization.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2016

본 연구는 COHEE의 항염증 효과를 확인하기 위한 실험으로써 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 분비량 및 iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB와 MAPKs의 발현량을 관찰하였다. 먼저 MTT assay를 통해 COHEE가 세포 생존율에 있어 독성을 나타내지 않음을 확인한 후 동일한 농도로 추후실험을 진행하였다. COHEE에 의해 NO 분비량이 농도 의존적으로 감소하였으며 IL-6, TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 분비량 또한 유의적으로 감소하였다. 특히 100 μg/ml의 농도에서 LPS 단독처리구인 대조구에 비하여 IL-6, TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 분비량을 각각 66%, 43% 및 93% 억제시켰다. 이러한 결과가 전염증성 매개인자의 전사인자인 NF-κB와 MAPKs 경로에 의한 것인지 확인하기 위하여 발현량을 관찰한 결과, COHEE가 LPS 처리에 의해 현저히 증가한 단백질의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 유의성 있게 억제하였다. 또한 COHEE는 croton oil로 부종을 유발한 마우스모델에서 귀부종 억제효과를 나타내었고 250 mg/kg 농도에서 조직의 경피 및 진피 두께의 발달을 prednisolone 10 mg/kg 처리구와 유사한 정도까지 현저히 억제시키고 염증성 세포인 mast cell의 침윤 억제 효과도 확인하였다. 이를 통해 COHEE는 염증 반응의 전사인자인 NF-κB의 발현을 조절함으로써 iNOS와 COX-2의 발현을 억제하고 그에 따라 전염증성 매개인자인 NO, IL-6, TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 분비를 억제하여 항염증 활성을 가지는 것을 확인하였으며, 이 결과를 종합해볼 때, COHEE가 염증 치료제로써의 소재로 이용될 가치가 충분할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 분비나무(Abies nephrolepis MAX.)를 분비나무 줄기(Abies nephrolepis MAX. stem) 추출물과 분비나무 잎(Abies nephrolepis MAX. leaf) 추출물로 나누어 항염 관련 기능성을 연구하여 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. MTT assay를 통해 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과, 대식세포(RAW 264.7)에서 분비나무 줄기와 잎 추출물의 500 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 각각 97.8%, 95.6%의 생존율을 보였다. 이에 따라 세포 관련 실험을 세포의 생존율이 100%에 가까운 25, 50, 100 ㎍/ml의 농도로 진행하였다. 염증을 유발하는 활성산소인 NO 생성에 대해 분비나무 추출물을 측정한 결과, 분비나무 추출물을 처리한 구에서 NO 발현이 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 분비나무 줄기와 잎은 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 71.1%, 42.9%의 저해율을 나타내었다. 분비나무 추출물을 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하여 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과, COX-2, iNOS 및 pro-inflammatoty cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α 인자에서 농도 의존적으로 단백질 발현이 억제되었으며, 분비나무 줄기의 iNOS와 분비나무 잎의 COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 및 TNF-α의 인자가 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 우수한 단백질 발현 억제를 보였다. 또한, RAW 264.7 세포에 분비나무 추출물을 처리하여 mRNA 발현을 측정한 결과, 분비나무 줄기의 iNOS, 분비나무 잎의 COX-2와 iNOS의 mRNA 발현양은 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 우수한 억제율을 확인할 수 있었으며, pro-inflammatoty cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α인자에서는 분비나무 줄기 추출물의 IL-1β는 대조군과 유의한 결과를 나타냈지만, 나머지 인자에서는 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 mRNA 발현 억제율이 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 분비나무 추출물이 항염 관련 기능성 활성에 우수함을 나타내어 화장품 소재로써의 이용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2012

분만 후 3일 이내에 분비되는 임실 지역의 젖소 초유에서 유청 단백질을 효율적으로 분리하고 RAW 264.7 세포의 증식 및 면역활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 초유의 유청 단백질 g당 TGF-${\beta}1$은 875 pg/mL,TGF-${\beta}2$는 6,600 pg/mL이었으며 실험에 사용한 초유 유청 단백질 내 총 TGF-${\beta}$의 양은 7,475 pg/mL이었다. RAW264.7 세포에 대한 초유 유청 단백질 첨가에 따른 세포증식 정도를 알아본 결과 10 mg/mL의 농도까지는 세포성장을 유도하였으나 20 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서는 세포성장을 억제하였다. 이에 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 초유 유청 단백질의 면역관련 실험에 사용할 농도는 최대 10 mg/mL까지로 결정하였다. RAW 264.7 세포에 초유 유청 단백질(0-10 mg/mL)과 LPS(1 ${\mu}g/mL$)를 차례로 반응시키고 NO생성량을 측정한 결과 초유 유청 단백질이 농도 의존적으로 NO의 생성을 억제하였다. 또한 LPS 자극에 의한 염증성 사이토카인(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6)이 생성되는 과정에서 초유 유청 단백질의 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, LPS를 단독으로 첨가했을 때 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6의 농도가 모두 증가하였으나 초유 유청 단백질을 첨가한 경우에는 염증성 사이토카인의 생성이 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 초유 유청 단백질에 의해 NO를 비롯한 염증성 사이토카인의 생성이 억제되는 것이 heme oxygenase-1의 발현과 관련하는지 알아보고자 초유 유청 단백질을 농도별(0-10 mg/mL)로 처리하여 heme oxygenase-1의 발현여부를 측정한 결과 대조군과 비교하여 3-4배 이상의 발현 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어보아 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 TGF-${\beta}$ 등을 함유한 초유 유청 단백질은 10 mg/mL 이하의 농도에서 농도 의존적으로heme oxygenase-1의 발현을 유도하여 염증성 사이토카인인 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 NO의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2020

Pumpkin sweet potato (Ipomoea batas L.) has been known as a traditional remedy and food source, not only in South Korea but worldwide. It is rich in fiber, potassium, vitamin C, and other minerals and vitamins, making it a nutritional food loved by many. showed that pumpkin sweet potato had antioxidant biological effects. The in vitro study showed that both splenocytes and cytokine production byactivated peritoneal macrophages increased when water extracts were supplemented at 100 and 250 μL/mL. Notably, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by splenocytes was significantly increased at 100 μL/mL. The results suggest that supplementation with pumpkin sweet potato (Ipomoea batas L.) water extract may enhance immune function by stimulating splenocyte proliferation and improving cytokine production, activating macrophages in vitro.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

Shiranuhi is a fruit of Citrus species widely cultivated in Jeju Island, Korea. From an extract of Shiranuhi tree branches were identified five polymethoxyflavones possessing anti-inflammatory effects; nobiletin (1), sinensetin (2), tetramethylscutellarein (3), 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5-desmethylsinensetin (5). Evaluation of the activities was conducted by monitoring the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) as well as the levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Among the isolates, the compound 4 exhibited the most significant NO inhibition, and suppressed the levels of iNOS and related cytokines. Therefore, it was suggested that the extract and constituents from Shiranuhi tree branches could be useful as anti-inflammatory ingredient.