• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2010

This paper describes the analysis of loop impedance characteristics by impedance alteration of protective conductors and operating characteristics of electric leakage circuit breaker by each earth systems(TT system, TN-S system and TN-C system) in IEC 60364. As a result, loop Impedance was affected by resistance & inductance. The current& voltage characteristics about earth system were identified that the TN-S system was high fault current & low touch voltage. TN-C system was almost same the TN-S system but TT system was low fault current & high touch voltage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated about electrooptics characteristic of three kind of TN cell on the polyimide surface. Monodomain alignments of thermal stressed TN cell over temperature of liquid crystal isotropic phase were almost same that of no thermal stressed TN cells. However, the thermal stressed TN cell have many defects. Also, threshold voltage and response time of thermal stressed TN cells show same performances of no thermal stressed TN cells. There were little changes of value in these TN cells. However, transmittances of TN cells on the polyimide surface decrease with increasing thermal stress time. Finally, the residual DC voltage of the thermal stressed TN cell on the polyimide surface show decrease of characteristics as increasing thermal stress time. Therefore, thermal stability of TN cell was decreased by high thermal stress for the long times.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2005

We have investigated electro-optical characteristics in three kinds of TN cells on the polyimide surface. Transmittance of no thermal stressed TN cells were better than that of thermal stressed TN cells. Also. the threshold voltage and the response time of thermal stressed TN cells were same that of no thermal stressed TN cells. There were little change of value in these TN cells. On the other hand. transmittances of TN cells on the polyimide surface decreased by increasing thermal stress time. Moreover. the residual DC of the thermal stressed TN cells on the polyimide surface showed the characteristics of thermal stressed TN cells were weakened as increasing thermal stress temperature and time. Therefore. thermal stability of TN cells were decreased gradually by giving high thermal stress for a long time.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.431-440
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• 2021

Background: Neurovascular compression (NVC) is a well-known cause of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, patients with idiopathic TN (ITN) do not have evidence of NVC on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other patients may remain asymptomatic despite evidence of NVC on MRI. This suggests that there may be additional risk factors for TN development other than NVC. Although epidemiological factors, such as age and sex differences, are useful for understanding the pathophysiology of TN, detailed statistics for each TN subtype are currently unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to classify patients with TN into the following groups based on data extracted from past medical records: classical TN (CTN), secondary TN, and ITN. Methods: The characteristics of the groups and their differences were explored. Results: CTN was more common in women than in men, as previously reported, whereas ITN was more common in men than in women. The ratio of pain sites located on the right side of the face was high in all groups. Patients with CTN were also prone to NVC on the asymptomatic side. Conclusion: By investigating TN subtype, it may be possible to elucidate the pathophysiology of TN. This would greatly improve treatment outcomes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07d
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• pp.1385-1387
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• 1998

In this paper, we studied the electro-optical(EO) performance of photo-aligned twisted nematic(TN)-liquid crystal display(LCD) with oblique non-polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on polyimide (PI) surface. The monodomain alignment of photo-aligned TN-LCD is obtained with an angle of incidence of $85^{\circ}$ on PI surface. Also, we observed that the voltage transmittance and response time characteristics of photo-aligned TN-LCD is almost same compared to rubbing treated TN-LCD. Finally, we measured that the voltage-holding-ratio(VHR) of photo-aligned TN-LCD is almost same compared to rubbing treated TN-LCD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.180-182
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• 1996

In this study, we have investigated the characteristics of the response time and the viewing angle on twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) and amorphous (a) TN-LCD without rubbing. To measure the transmission-voltage, response time, and viewing angle characteristics, we prepared three kinds of LC cells and then studied the surface liquid crystal alignment effect. We studied that the response time on a-TN-LCD is fast compared to the TN-LCD. We suggest that the weak anchoring strength is attributed to the fast response time on a-TN-LCD. Also, we obtained the uniform viewing angle characteristics on a-TN-LCD. From these results, we consider that the liquid crystal alignment on LCD device are very important factor for electro-optical characteristics.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 1997

In this paper we investigated the electro-optical characteristics of amorphous (a)- twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display(LCD) on polymide (PI) surfaces with different molecular structure. It was found that the domaine size of a-TN-LCD on PI with high polarization is small compared to a-TN-LCD on PI with medium polarization. It is considered that the response time of a-TN-LCd contributes to surface effect between the substrate surfaces and the LC molecules. Finally we obtained that the viewing angle of a-TN-LCD on PI surfaces increases with decreasing the domain size.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1997

The characteristics of the response time and the viewing angle on twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) and amorphous (a)-TN-LCD without rubbing were investigated. To measure the tansmission-voltage, response time, and viewing angle characteristics, we prepared three kinds of LC cells and then studied the surface liquid crystal alignment effect. It was found that the response time on A-TN-LCD was fast compared to the TN-I-CD, and the weak anchoring strength was attributed to the fast response time on a-TN-LCD. Also, we obtained the wide viewing angle characteristics on a-TN-LCD. The liquid crystal alignment of LCD device for electro-optical characteristics is discussed in the present paper.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.576-580
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• 1997

In this paper, the viewing angle characteristics of amorphous (a) - twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on poly(vinyl)cinnamate (PVC) surface with UV (ultraviolet) light irradiation were investigated. It was found that the threshold voltage increases with increasing the polymerization of PVC surfaces. We observed that the domain size of a-TN-LCD decreases with increasing the photo polymerization by increasing UV light irradiation time on PVC films. Also, we observed that the viewing angle of a-TN-LCD increased with increasing the photo polymerization on PVC surfaces. Finally, we consider that the viewing angle of a-TN-LCD on PVC surfaces is large compared to a-TN-LCD on polyimide (PI) surface.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2010

To acquire preliminary data for the control of total nitrogen (TN) in S sewage treatment plant, which processes merging food waste and sewage, the effect of reject water on the total nitrogen in the effluent was examined in this study. Water quality data for the plant during the winter period were applied to calculate the mass balance. It was calculated that at least more than 231 kg/d TN should be removed to control the TN concentration in the effluent. Assuming 18 ppm as the goal TN concentration in the effluent, about 941 kg/d TN should be removed from this plant. Approximately 10% more TN should be removed than at present to achieve this result. It was observed that dewatering the filtrate had a considerably greater effect on the total nitrogen in the effluent than the reject waters. The dewatered filtrate contained 1,399kg/d TN. The contribution of the dewatered filtrate to the TN concentration in the effluent was 0.183, which was 7 to 23 times greater than the other reject waters. In addition, the amount of total nitrogen from the reject water, with the exception of the dewatering filtrate, was lower than the amount of TN that should be removed from S sewage treatment plant. Therefore, it was concluded that one of the most effective methods for controlling the TN concentration in effluent was the removal of the TN contained in the dewatering filtrate.