• 월간낙농육우
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• v.21 no.2 s.226
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• pp.124-131
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• 2001

TMR 사양시스템은 사료효율을 유지하면서 사료 섭취량을 조절하여 언제든지 균일한 영양소가 함유된 사료를 자유채식 시킬 수 있으므로 능력이 좋은 소 일수록 TMR이 필요하게 된다. 보다 질 좋은 TMR 제조를 위해서는 각 원료사료 특히 조사료의 중요성을 인식해야 하겠다. 조사료의 품질과 조사료의 입자도를 고려하는 것이 젖소의 생선성 향상과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 양질의 조사료 확보에 힘써야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.397-400
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• 2003

TMR(Triple Modular redundancy)은 공간여분(W/H 및 S/W)을 정적으로 활용하는 가장 간단한 구조를 지닌 대표적인 고장포용 기법중의 하나이다. TMR 구조 고장시 TMR 시스템 고장복구를 위해 잘못된 결과를 가지고 있는 프로그램의 일부분을 재실행 또는 프로그래밍 전체를 재시작하는 기법을 적용하는 것은 일반적으로 상당한 시간을 필요로 한다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 본 논문에서는 TMR 고장을 효과적으로 복구하기 위해 또 다른 형태의 시간여분 기법인 rollback과 rol1-forward 기법에 checkpoint들을 적용하여 처리하는 시간 및 공간여분을 혼용하는 기법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.748-754
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) control system equipped with a checkpoint strategy. In this system, faults in a single processor are masked and faults in two or more processors are detected at each checkpoint time. When faults are detected, the rollback recovery is activated to recover from faults. The conventional TMR control system cannot overcome faults in two or more processors. The proposed system can effectively cope with correlated and independent faults in two or more processors. We develop a reliability model for this TMR control system under correlated and independent transient faults, and derive the reliability equation. Then we investigate the number of checkpoints that maximizes the reliability.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.5 s.102
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

This paper proposes an integrated recovery approach applying retry and rollback techniques to recover the TMR failure. Combining the time redundancy techniques with W system is apparently effective to recover the TMR failure(or masked error) primarily caused by transient faults. These policies need fewer reconfigurations at the cost of extra time required for the time redundant schemes. The optimal numbers of retry and rollback to minimize the mean execution time of tasks are derived for the proposed method through computing the likelihoods of all possible states of the failed system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through examining certain numerical examples and simulations conducted with a variety of parameters governing environmental characteristics.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

The design of avionic embedded systems requires high-dependability. In this paper, we studied the dependability of the triple modular redundancy (TMR) hardware for highly reliable aviation embedded system. In order to evaluate the dependability of the base ARM processor and the TMR ARM processor, we developed the simulation model of the reduced ARM and TMR ARM processors and performed the simulation fault injection for the analysis of the dependability of the two targets. In the fault injection experiments, we calculated the error recovery rate of the two the processor models. From the experimental results, we could confirm that the reliability of the TMR ARM processor was greater than the single ARM processor by ten times in some cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

An investigation of the TMR(Track Misregistration) requirements to achieve the capacity of 80GBytes／Platter in 7200rpm disk drive system is reported. This paper also gives an overview of the PES(Position Error Signal) characteristics in the 57,500TPI disk drive to estimate the required 95,000TPI-system PES. The TMR measured by PES are presented and decomposed in order to identify the portions and their contributions of the spindle-disk system vibration and HSA(Head-Stack-Assembly) system vibration respectively. A comprehensive review on the servo system is also presented to provide the practical limits of the modem servo architecture into TMR budget design. The decomposed PES energy distribution shows that the spindle-disk pack vibration is one of the top-ranking sources of the total TMR budget and its percentage contribution is about 50％ considering all the other TMR sources.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2000

Feasibility of the self-TMR mixing/feeding system for dairy farm in Korea was analyzed by comparing with a traditional feeding system. The total operating cost of self-TMR feeding system decreased with an increase of farm size. However, the cost was higher than that of traditional feeding system because of its high purchasing cost of TMR mixer as an initial investment. Profit per unit input of the TMR feeding system became greater over the traditional system when the farm size is larger than 17 heads due to more and better milk production. The profitable discrepancy became bigger as dairy farm size increases.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a fermented TMR producing system which could a continuous operation of baling and wrapping the mixed TMR. The baling part has fixed chamber of dia. 900 mm and width 900 mm. And the the turn-table type wrapping part is very compact compared to conventional one in market. The test result were: The absorbed power of the prototype in working was 9.0~15.7 kW. The combined baling and wrapping performance was over 20 bales/hr. The leakage in the process was around 1.9 kg for making a 350 kg TMR bale. The diameter of wrapped TMR bale was 900~950 mm, and its weight was 350 kg in average. Therefore the density was $718kg/m^3$, and it was very high density to the inputted TMR. The pH of the fermented TMR was 5.0~5.6 which was similar to the fermented haylage, also the TMR had no butyric acid's odor.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.216-224
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• 1999

In the paper we propose two recovery methods by adopting a rollback and/or roll-forward technique (S) to recover TMR failures in a TMR (structured ) system that is the simplest spatial redundancy. This technique is apparently effective to recovering TMR failures primarily caused by transient faults. The proposed policies carry out few reconfigurations at the cost of (minimal) time-overhead needed for those time-redundant schemes. The optimal checkpoint-interval vectors are derived for both methods through the likelihoods of all (possible) states of the system as well as the total execution-time. Consequently the effectiveness of our proposed policies is validated through certain numerical examples and simulations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.375-377
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• 1998

This paper shows two models of the TMR system- fail passive system - having a fault tolerant system characteristic used in airplane and railway system. We design the single system, single-voter TMR system and triplicated voter TMR system based on MC68000 and calculate the failure rate of components using MIL-SPEC-217F and evaluate the reliability and MTTF(Mean Time To Failure) of the designed systems by Markov model.