• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2009

Tetragomphius procyonis Baylis & Daubney, 1923 were obtained from the pancreatic duct of a naturally infected Eurasian badger, Meles meles, which was submitted to animal hospital for parasitic diagnosis from Gyeryongsan National Park in Korea. The hookworms were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The length of body measured male 15.0-18.8 mm, female 21.5-25.5 mm, respectively. In both sex, the ventral cutting plates of oral margin are much reduced and elongated latero-dorsally, the dorsal cutting plate is located long follow doral margin of the oral opening. The buccal capsule is cup-shaped and thicken with four cusped tooth at its base. The copulatory bursa has elongated ventral lobes and their large rays are parallel, while the dorsal lobe with its supporting rays is slightly split in two. The slender spicules are filariform and very long (8.7-9.3 mm), and their tips are fused together. The hookworm has following characters: dorsal cone on the both sex, gubernaculum on the male and terminal spine on the female tail absent; vulva is opening in the juction of the fourths and fifths of the body; dorsal ray with two long stems. The eggs from the uterus are 16 cell stages and those from the rectal feces, 32 cell stages. The size of eggs is 77.48-83.45 ${\times}$ 50.75-63.38 ${\mu}m$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.537-547
• /
• 1994

Ninety seven cases of histopathologically diagnosed spontaneous canine parvovirus enteritis(CPE) were studied gross pathologically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, to investigate histopathological types of small intestinal lesions, and antigen distributions in each pattern related to the infected age. And also, reliability of histopathological method in diagnosis of CPE was inspected with immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows : 1. Age-related occurring ratio in histopathologically diagnosed CPE was 53.6% in 4-8 weeks, 26.8% in 9-15 weeks, 8.25 in 16-19 weeks and 11.3% in 20-45 weeks of the clog age. 2. In histopathologic classification based on patterns of villi/crypts lesions of small intestine(jejunum), the ratio of A type (initial phase of necrosis of crypt epithelia, desquamated epithelial cells in the dilated lumen of the crypt) was 20.6%; the ratio of B type(middle phase of atrophy and fission of the villi, collapse of the mucosa, loss of normal crypt structure) was 62.9%, and C type(regenerative phase of the crypt architecture) was 16.5%. 3. The ratio of A, B, C type in 4-8 weeks old, respectively, was 23.5%, 61.5%, 15.4%; in 9-15 weeks old was 19.2%, 65.4%, 15.3% in 16-19 weeks old was 25.0%, 75.0%, 0.0%; and in 20-45 weeks old was 9.0%, 54.5%, 36.4%. 4. The antigen distribution in the nuclei of the crypt epithelial cells was higher than of the cytoplasm and numerous desquamated epithelial cells in dialated crypts in A type; The antigen cytoplasm and numerous desquamated epithelial cells in dialated crypts in A type; The antigen distribution in the nuclei of the collapsed crypt epithelial cells was not higher than that of the cytoplasm, crypts were lined by and filled with released viral antigens from the destructed epithelial cells in B type; and its distribution was also higher than in the epithelial cells adjacent to the tips of the villi, but it was not reacted in the regenerative crypt epithelial cells in C type. 5. Immunohistochemically detected antigen ratio in the small intestine of histopathologically diagnosed CPE was 94.6%, and this result indicates that histopathological diagnosis is very reliable method in diagnosis of CPE.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 1991

The effects of varying concentrations and durations of ethalfluralin (N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2, 6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) bezenmine) treated on oat(Avena sativa L.) cell division, cell enlargement, protein synthesis and histology were studied. After 6hr treatment, all concentrations(1${\times}$10^{-6}M to $1{\times}10^{-3}$) of ethalfluralin arrested completely metaphase in the cell division study. The oat coleoptile inhibition of straight-growth test were used to determine the influence of ethalfluralin on coleoptile growth. A range of all concentrations($1{\times}10^{-8}$M to $1{\times}10^{-3}$M) treatment did affect cell enlagement significantly. The $1{\times}10^{-6}$M to $1{\times}10^{-3}$ M concentrations reduced approximately over 50% cell enlargement. Protein incorporation study showed that all concentrations($1{\times}10^{-6}$M to $1{\times}10^{-3}$M) were not affected in protein synthesis. To investigate histological effects, the oats were treated for 24hr with $1{\times}10^{-7}$M. The longitudinal section cells, in the treated oat root tips were appeared to be enlarged and also showed lacking cytoplasm, multinucleate or abnormal cells compare with untreated roots.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.503-508
• /
• 2018

Objective : Anterior odontoid screw fixation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of odontoid fractures. The surgical technique is recommended for perforation of the apical cortex of the dens by the lag screw. However, overpenetration of the apical cortex may lead to potentially serious complications such as damages of adjacent vascular and neural structures. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate the safe margin beyond dens tip to ventral dura for anterior odontoid screw fixation. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the three-dimensional CT scans of the cervical spines in 55 consecutive patients at our trauma center. The patients included 38 males and 17 females aged between 22 and 73 years (mean age${\pm}$standard deviation, $45.8{\pm}14.2years$). Using sagittal images of 3-dimensional CT scan, the safe margins beyond dens tip to ventral dura as well as the appropriate screw length were measured. Results : The mean width of the apical dens tip was $9.6{\pm}1.1mm$. The mean lengths from the screw entry point to the apical dens tip and posterior end of dens tip were $39.2{\pm}2.6mm$ and $36.6{\pm}2.4mm$. The safe margin beyond apical dens tip to ventral dura was $7.7{\pm}1.7mm$. However, the safe margin beyond the posterior end of dens tip to ventral dura was decreased to $2.1{\pm}3.2mm$, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). There were no significant differences of safe margins beyond dens tip to ventral dura with patient gender and age. Conclusion : Extension by several millimeters beyond the dens tip is safe, if the trajectory of anterior odontoid screw is targeted at the apical dens tip. However, if the trajectory of the screw is targeted to the posterior end of dens tip, extension beyond dens tip may lead to damage immediately adjacent to the vental dura mater.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.798-802
• /
• 2011

Purpose: A wart is caused by epidermal infection with the human papilloma virus. Although wart naturally disappears in some cases, it require treatment because of pain, aesthetic problem, and the possibility of malignant change. Conventional non-surgical treatment cannot be a fundamental solution for the pain and has such disadvantages as frequent recurrence and difficulties in achieving a satisfactory outcome. A surgical procedure was performed on patients with wart and the procedure had a good outcome. Methods: We investigated the gender, age, lesion site, mean treatment duration, and presence or absence of recurrence in 21 patients with a wart within the period of January 2007 to July 2011. For local lesions, primary closure, including subcuticular suture after the excision, was performed. If the defect size was too big to do primary closure, we performed rotation flap. For wide multiple lesions, a split thickness skin graft was performed. Results: Among the 21 patients, 12 patients were male and 9 patients were female, and their mean age was 42 years (SD=17.38, range: 11~75 years). The lesion site was the foot in 10 patients, the hand in 8 patients, the face in 2 patients, and the scalp in 1 patient. The mean treatment duration was 13.5 days (SD=4.36, range: 6~15 days) for the primary closure or rotation flap, and 18.5 days (SD=2.12, range: 17~20 days) for the skin graft. 20 patients were cured without recurrence. No recurrence was observed in the patients who underwent primary closure or rotation flap. One of the two patients who underwent a skin graft of their wart that had covered their entire palm had local recurrence in part of her finger tips. Conclusion: We performed surgical procedure on recalcitrant wart. As a results, we can treat it with short treatment duration, low recurrence rate and less scarring and get high patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2014

This study evaluated the effect of water content in the substrate during pre- and post-grafting period on the survival rate and quality of tomato plug seedlings. Nine combinations of three water levels (high, medium, and low) were set up in the substrate of both scion and rootstock. The water content in the substrate of the scion did not affect the survival rate of grafted tomato seedlings, while the survival rate was statically different among the various water contents in the substrate of the rootstock. The maximum survival rates (100%) were observed in seedlings treated with high water levels in the substrate of the rootstock, and the survival rates declined with decreasing water content in the rootstock substrate. The growth characteristics were not significantly affected by different water content in the scion substrate, while they were statically different among the seedlings treated with various water contents in the rootstock substrate. The growth characteristics decreased with decreasing water content in the rootstock substrate. The highest value of compactness was observed in grafted seedlings, which combined medium water level in the scion and high water level in the rootstock substrate treatment. The root morphology of tomato seedlings was also affected by water content in the rootstock substrate. The total root surface area, total root length, and number of root tips decreased with deceasing water content in the rootstock substrate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• 제34권12호
• /
• pp.1805-1810
• /
• 2010

We present a simple, cost-effective, and fast fabrication process for three-dimensional (3D) microstructures; this process is based on multi-step electrochemical etching of metal foils which facilitates the mass production of 3D microstructures. Compared to electroplating, this process maintains uniform and well-controlled material properties of the microstructure. In the experimental study, we perform single-step electrochemical etching of aluminum foils for the fabrication of 2D cantilever arrays. In the single-step etching, the depth etch rate and bias etch rate are measured as $1.50{\pm}0.10 {\mu}m/min$ and $0.77{\pm}0.03 {\mu}m/min$, respectively. Using the results of single-step etching, we perform two-step electrochemical etching for 3D microstructures with probe tips on cantilevers. The errors in height and lateral fabrication in the case of the fabricated structures are $15.5{\pm}5.8% $ and $3.3{\pm}0.9%$, respectively; the surface roughness is $37.4{\pm}9.6nm$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2005

Virus-free stocks was produced by the combination of the heat treatment of virus infected plant and shoot-tip grafting (STS). To produce virus-free stocks, the plants infected with citrus viruses were used for virus-free stock production using the modified method of STG in thermotherapy at $40^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours in the light, and at $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours of darkness for 4 weeks. Trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) were used as rootstock seedling for STG. Percentages of virus-free stocks against citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) were $75.7\%,\;100.0,\%\;82.6\%$ respectively. Shoot tip size for successful STG were as small as possible. Less than $0.3\;\cal{mm}$ of shoot tips gave the hight efficiency of virus free plants but survival rates were low. And, survival rate after shoot-tip culture was analyzed and the rates were dependant on the cultivars; Yuzu cultivar showed the hight survival rate ($74.6\%$) and early satsuma mandarin (Iwasagi) was $13.3\%$ as the lowest cultivar. But citrus trees were not succeed to grown, turned brown, and died.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.288-293
• /
• 2013

In worldwide, viral diseases of apple plants has caused the serious problems like reduced production and malformation of fruits. Also, the damages of apple plants by virus and/or viroid infection (Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple stem grooving virus, Apple mosaic virus, and Apple scar skin viroid) were reported in Korea. However there is few report about the protection approach against the infection by apple viruses. Therefore, this paper introduced the experimental protocol for the development of virus-free apple cultivars (Danhong, Hongan, Saenara, Summerdream). Apple plants were treated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks and shoot tips were cultured in vitro. After heat treatment, the detection of apple viruses was performed by RT-PCR using virusspecific detection primers in new apple cultivars. With the heat treatments followed by in vitro shoot tip culture, the proportion of virus-free stocks of 'Danhong', 'Hongan', 'Saenara', and 'Summerdream' was 28%, 16%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. Taken together, this approach can be a good tool for production of virus-free apple stocks.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 1994

Morphological features of the interaction between the hatching blastocyst and implantation in pig were studied by electron microscopy. The observations extended from late blastocyst stage to the completion of trophoblastic erosion of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the epithelium and early decidual transformation of the stromal cells. Between day 7 and 17 of pregnancy, blastocysts from 0.3 to 12 mm in diameter were flushed from the uterine horns of Dutch Landrace pigs. On the 7th of development in the pig blastocyst, the blastocyst shedded of the zona pellucida established the tips of microvilli and with bleb-like cytoplasmic protrusions of the epithelial cells. From day 11 on in pig embryo, the bilayered trophoblast undergoes a dramatic phase of elongation so that the initially spherical expanded blastocyst becomes tubular. In pig, close apposition to the uterine wall beg-ins at about 12 $^1$/$_2$ days and then attachment occurred during the afternoon of the 16th or 18th day post coitum. At this stage, embryonic loss compared with corpus luteum number is up to 40% of ovulated oocytes. Therefore, the implantation failture of these embryos may be mainly caused by morphological abnormality and failture of zona shedding.