• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

We have developed a Monte Carlo code, which solves the problem of radiative transfer in anisotropically scattering atmosphere. The radiative code is flexible in handlings of the system geometry, the distribution of scattering particles, and the source-particle geometry. This code treats the case of highly forward throwing scattering. As performance tests, we have compared the result of Monte Carlo calculations with that of Quasi-Diffusion method for a spherically symmetric cloud model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2012

금은 양호한 전기적 특성 및 높은 연성과 퍼짐성을 갖고, 화학적 안정성도 우수하기 때문에 전자부품의 배선재료, 접점재료뿐만 아니라 우주왕복선의 박막 방어막으로도 사용되고 있다. 도금두께 제어가 우수하고, 수조의 관리가 용이하기 때문에 오래전부터 인쇄회로기판 분야에서도 최종표면처리(Surface Finish)에 적용되고 있다. 최근 전자부품이 다시 고밀도화가 추진되고, 미세 배선회로가 증가함에 따라 무전해 도금 보다 균일전착 막을 얻을 수 있는 전해금 도금공정이 요구되고 있다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

머리 위 던지는 운동선수는 전방 관절낭의 이완과 강력한 동적 안정성이 요구되므로 조금이라도 흔들리면 쉽게 견관절 통증이 유발될 수 있다. 이러한 상태가 계속되면 견관절 조직의 강한 스트레스로 손상히 발생하게 된다. 따라서 정확한 재활 프로그램을 통하여 효과적인 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 상해가 발생한 던지기 선수에서 내회전의 소실, 외회전근과 견갑근육의 약화를 교정하여 주는 것에 중점을 두고 치료한다. 추가적으로 재활에 성공한 선수에서 던지기 동작의 생역학을 평가하고 오류를 교정하면서 지속적인 교육을 시행하여 재발을 방지하고 원할한 동작을 수행하게 한다.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1993

Composition and microstructures of Silver-Tin alloy deposits from a pyrophosphate bath were studied under the D.C. electrolysis conditions. Cathode current efficiency and throwing power of alloy deposits de-creased with increasing current density. Tin content of Ag-Sn alloy deposits decreased noticeably with the cur-rent density and with decreasing pH. The preferred orientation of the deposits tended to change in sequence of (110)longrightarrow(111)longrightarrow(100) texture with increasing the cathode overpotential. The surface structure of alloy deposits showed the smooth surface structure with fine crystallites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 1999

Because stow net being used in now is doing throwing net and hauling net through a ship's side, the work is very complicated and the fishing boat needs many seamen and it could cause a loss of lives and ship in stormy weather. We are now using small mesh size 36~500mm and it even catches young fish, so we call it the fishing gear of resource reduction type.Therefore we must make manpower reduction in automatic operation, safe operation of throwing net and hauling net in the stern and the stern-typed stow net of resource management using large mesh. And we performed three-typed model tests to examine the fishing gear. The obtained results are as follows;1. The fishing gear being used in the ship's side type stow net has inappropriate standard and arrangement of the net, resistance increase of the fishing gear and frequent breakdown of the net.2. To supplement the fault of A-typed stow net, we schemed fishing gear developed as both B-type(12-seamed net) and C-types(8-seamed net) of the stern-typed stow net. 3. In model tests, C-typed model net(mesh size 40~1,600mm) was proved good fishing gear because the resistance in accordance with the flowing speed was comparatively small and it's mouth area was broad. 4. A-typed stow net had the spreading device attached to side panel of the net, but the stern-typed stow net had the spreading device consisted of 4 lines far behind about 6m from side panel of the net mouth. In the flowing speed 2knot, the spreading condition of fishing gear was proved batter than the former.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

Repetitive overhead throwing exerts significant mechanical stress on the elbow joint. Pitching in baseball, serving in tennis, spiking in volleyball, passing in American football and launching in javelin-throwing can all produce elbow pathology by forceful valgus stress, with medial stretching, lateral compression and posterior impingement. This stress can lead to developmental anatomic changes in the young thrower. Asymptomatic pathology in the shoulder and elbow joint is prevalent and, with overuse, can progress to disabling injury. Joint injury occurs as a result of the body's inability to properly coordinate motion segments during the pitching delivery, leading to further structural damage. The implications of acute and overuse injuries and the possibility of permanent damage should be understood by parents, coaches and the athletes. Proper understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that could lead to elbow injuries is thus required. Measures to prevent elbow injuries should include proper coaching, warm-up, medical expertise and protective gear. Injury prevention and rehabilitation should center on optimizing pitching mechanics, core strength, scapular control, and joint range of motion.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of brain activity between internet game overusers in adulthood and normal adults in a state of disembodiment. Methods The fMRI images were taken while the internet game overuser group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 15) were asked to perform the task composed of ball-throwing animations. The task reflected on either self-agency about ball-throwing or location of a ball. And each block was shown with either different (changing viewpoint) or same animations (fixed viewpoint). The disembodiment-related condition was the interaction between agency task and changing viewpoint. Results 1) In within-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher brain activation in the left precentral gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left insula. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the right cuneus, the left posterior middle occipital gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus. 2) In between-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the left cuneus, and the left posterior middle occipital area. Conclusions These results show that the disembodiment-related brain activation of internet game overusers in adulthood is different from that of normal adults.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.425-433
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate relation between fastball motion and longtoss motion, and the kinematical analysis using APAS(Ariel Performance Analysis System). Eight people(age: $21.2{\pm}3.6years$, height: $177.1{\pm}3.1cm$, weight $68.6{\pm}2.5kg$) participated in the experiment. Followings are the conclusion. In displacement of fore-aft on COG(Center of Gravity), fastball motion moved more forward than longtoss motion. In displacement of vertical on COG(Center of Gravity), fastball motion was lower than longtoss motion In velocity of right hand, greater release velocity was measured for fastball motion than for longtoss motion. In displacement of elbow and shoulder joint, more extended displacement was exhibited in fastball motion than longtoss motion. In displacement of trunk tilt, fastball motion showed foreward tilt, longtoss motion showed backward tilt. In stride, fastball showed longer than longtoss.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate variability of kinematic factors affecting the record in women's javelin throwing. For this study, 8 female-javelin thrower participated in this experiment. The three digital video cameras (Sony, 120x) were used to record motions. Kwon3D 2.1 was used to process data and they were analyzed with Excell for factors. The sampling rate of a camera was 60Hz and shutter speed of a camera was 1/1000sec. The coordinate data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth low pass filtering with an estimated optimum cut-off frequency of 6Hz. The results were as follows: 1. From cross step to landing of delivery, the average velocities of CoM of non-dominant athletes were greater than dominant athletes and those of CoM of non-dominant athletes less than dominant athletes, but at release dominant athletes had a lower average velocity and a variability than non-dominant athletes. 2. From cross step to landing of delivery, the average throwing velocities and variabilities of a javelin of dominant athletes were greater than dominant athletes, but at release, dominant athletes had a higher velocity than dominant athletes and had a equal variability. 3. At every events, a forward or backward angles and variabilities of non-dominant athletes were greater than dominant athletes. 4. From cross step to landing of delivery, dominant athletes' elbow average angles were greater than non-dominant athletes and the variabilities of latter less than non-dominant athletes, but at release dominant athletes' variabilities were smaller than non-dominant athletes. 5. At landing of delivery, dominant athletes' knee average angles and variabilities of a supporting foot were a greater than non-dominant athletes, and at release, dominant athletes' knee average angles was a greater but variabilities less than non-dominant athletes. In conclusion, the dominant threw javelins fast while having stable postures and the range of elbow's angle large.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1973

The purpose of this project is offering fundamental and proper informations for the better health control and personnel management of the enlisted men of Marine corps in Korea. Survey has been done under 1,001 marine enlisted men for the purpose of understanding their condition of physique, vital capacity, and bodily strength. 1. Under the subject of physique, 7 items, body weight, chest-girth, relative body weight, relative chest-girth, Vervaeck index, and Roehrer index are listed, and under the subject of vital capacity, BTPS vital capacity and percent predicted vital capacity are listed, and under the subject of bodily strength, 7 items, grasping power, chinning-up, throwing a hanp-grenade, forward jumping, sitting-up, 100 meter sprinting, are listed. The total items are 16 and mean score of each one is as follow. 1)Physique : a. Height : $$168{\pm}0.15cm$$ b. Body weight : $$62.7{\pm}0.17kg$$ c. Chest-girth : $$91.4{\pm}0.16cm$$ d. Relative body weight : $$37.2{\pm}0.09$$ e. Relative chest-girth : $$54.3{\pm}0.10$$ f. Vervaeck index : $$91.6{\pm}0.15$$ g. Roehrer index : $$1.31{\pm}0.003$$ 2) Vital capacity : a. BTPS vital capacity : $$4470{\pm}20cc$$ b. % Predicted vital capacity : $$150{\pm}5.1%$$ 3) Bodily strength : a. Grasping power : $$41.4{\pm}0.26kg$$ b. Chinning-up : $$5.7{\pm}0.10$$ c. Throwing a hand-grenade : $$39.7{\pm}0.20m$$ d. Forward jumping : $$214{\pm}0.58cm$$ e. Sitting-up : $$19.1{\pm}0.25$$ f. Pushing-up : $$22.1{\pm}0.18$$ g. 100 meter sprinting : $$16.1{\pm}0.04sec$$. 2. Comparative analysis has been done about the conditional classes of marine enlisted men with the results of above mentioned 16 items. 7 classes according to the branches, 3 according to the ranks, 9 according to tile length of service are adopted respectively.