• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2000

Background : Pulmonary complications following bonemarrow transplantation (BMT) are common and associated with a high mortality rate. We investigated the yield, safety, and impact of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) for diagnosis of postBMT pneumoniae. Methods : From May 1997 to April 2000, 56 FOBs were performed in 52 post BMT patients for clinical pneumoniae. BMT patients with respiratory symptoms and/or pulmonary infiltrates had a thoracic HRCT(high resolution computed tomography) and bronchoscopic examination including BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), TBLB (transbronchial lung biopsy), PSB (protected specimen brush). Results : The characteristics of the subjects were as follows : 37 males, 15 females, mean age of 31.3 years(l7-45), 35 sibling donor allogenic BMTs, 15 nonrelated donor allogenic BMTs, and 2 autologous BMTs. Fiftynine percent of FOBs (33 FOBs, 31 patients) were diagnostic. Isolated pathogens included the following : 12 cytomegalovirus (CMV) (21.4 %), 7 pneumocystis carinii (PC) (12.5 %), 11 CMV with PC (19.6 %), 2 Mycobacaterium tuberculosis (3.6%), and 1 streptococcus (1.8%). Most of the radiographic findings were diffuse interstitial lesions. CMV pneumoniae had mainly diffuse interstitial nodular lesion, and PC pneumoniae had diffuse, interstitial ground glass opacity(GGO). When CMV was accompanied by PC, a combined pattern of nodular and GGO was present. Of the 56 cases (23.2%), 13 died of CMV pneumoniae (n=2), PCP (n=2),mixed infection with CMV and PC (n=3), underlying GVHD (n=1), underlying leukemia progression (n=1), or respiratory failure of unknown origin (n=4). There was no major complication by bronchoscopy. Only 3 cases developed minor bleeding and 1 episode temporary hypoxemia. Conclusion : Based on our findings, CMV and PC are the major causes of postBMT pneumoniae. In addition, BAL can be considered a safe and accurate procedure for the evaluation of pulmonary complications after BMT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.973-979
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• 2005

To investigate the effect of Pinus densiflora on biochemical parameters in type I diabetic rats, we evaluated the changes of body weight, fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical parameters after the intraperitoneal injection of distilled solution of Pinus densiflora in streptozotocin (STZ)­induced rats. Thirty-seven male Sprague Dawley rats $(180\pm10g)$ were divided into four groups; diabetic mellitus (DM) group received STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.); low level of pine extract (LP) group received Pinus densiflora (5 mg/kg BW, i.p.), high level of pine extract (HP) group received Pinus densiflora (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) after the single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg BW, i.v.), respectively. Normal control (NC) group received saline. The change of fasting blood glucose level and OGTT were measured using glucocard II, and the change of biochemical parameter were measured by Automatic Chemistry Analyzer (Hitach-747, Japan). Mean body weight change of DM group was retarded greatly by STZ-exposure. While, body weights of LP and HP groups were progressively increased with some fluctuation, although the increase rates were slower than that of NC group. Fasting blood glucose levels of LP and HP groups were reduced by Pinus densiflora injection, although the fasting blood glucose levels were higher than that of NC group. The results of OGTT was significantly improved in both of LP and HP group compared to DM group. Increases of blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels by STZ-exposure were attenuated by the Pinus densiflora treatment (p<0.05). From the results, it was suggested that Pinus densiflora has a tendency to decrease STZ-induced toxicity in terms of monitoring fasting blood glucose, OGTT and some biochemical parameters of rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1356-1362
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate (extract) of Salicomia herbacea L. (Korean name: Hamcho) on antioxidative defense system in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into six experimental groups which are composed of normal diet group, normal diet group supplemented with 2% Hamcho extract, high cholesterol diet group, high cholesterol diet groups supplemented with 1%, 2% and 4% Hamcho extracts. The activity of serum glutamate oxaloacetae transaminase in rats was not different among all experimental groups, while the activity of glutamate pyruvate transaminase in groups supplemented with Hamcho extract was significantly lower than that of high cholesterol control group. Supplementation of Hamcho extract (SHE) to the high cholesterol fed rats resulted in increased activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peioxidase. However, there was no significant difference in the activity of hepatic catalase among all experimental groups. SHE also resulted in decreased levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and mitochondrial carbonyl values. Those effects were higher to some extent in 2% and 4% Hamcho extract groups than those of high cholesterol control group. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate of Hamcho may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1491-1497
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among inpatients' perceptions of foodservice quality, satisfaction and revisit intention. Questionnaires were hand-delivered to 350 inpatients and a total of 230 questionnaires were usable (response rate 65.7%), Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS Win 11.0 for descriptive analysis, independent t-test, $x^2$ test and k-means cluster analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The average score of overall importance of meal service in medical service was 4.25 out of 5.0, yet the score of overall quality of meal service and value had lower than importance score. A helpfulness to medical treatment (3.48), bringing customer happiness (3.18), overall satisfaction for foodservice (3.66), satisfaction based on expectation before discharge (3.53) and offering foodservice apt to hospital reputation (3.40) were measured as expressions of satisfaction. As a result of clustering analysis, two clusters were classified and named as affirmative opinion group and negative one. Expectation for four factors of foodservice quality between two groups had no significance. But affirmative opinion group had significantly higher score than negative one in perception and satisfaction. Affirmative customers' intention to revisit in the near future was evaluated as high in both considering general medical service (4.04) and reflecting meal service level (3.84).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1385-1393
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake status and dietary behaviors in elementary school children. The subjects were 98 boys and girls in the 4~6 grade and divided into three groups by body shape. The protein intakes of the subjects were higher than the Korean EER (estimated energy requirements). Especially male over weight group had more than twice intakes (216.0% ) comparing the Korean EER. The mean daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C in all subjects did not meet the Korean RI (recommended intake). The vitamin C intake of male underweight group was only 43.2% comparing the Korean RI. Rice & cereals were main food sources of energy, protein and iron, and milk & milk products were main food sources of calcium. As their weights were high, the meal volume and the rate of skipped meal were shown to be high (p<0.05). Thus, this study implicates that desirable nutrition education may be needed for overweight and underweigh children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1986

Contents of crude protein, calcium phosphorous, fatty acids, and amino acids in raw flesh and cooked broth of carp were determined. Quantative changes of the nutrients in cooked broth of carp were investigated during boiling time (3,6,9 and 12 hours). In case of quantative changes of the nutrients such as crude protein, calcium, phosphorous, fatty acids and amino acids in raw flesh of carp and cooked broth of carp during boiling time: All nutrients were increased with boiling time. And they marked maximum level at 12 hours of cooking time except calcium and fatty acid. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acids was larger than those of saturated fatty acid to total fatty acids, The amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid was larger than any other fatty acid. The major components of essential amino acids were shown to be valine, leucine, lysine and arginine, and the minor conponents of essential amino acids were methionine and histidine. In nonessential amino acids, the major components were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine, and the minor components were serine, proline and cystine. The results suggest that the raw flesh and the cooked broth of carp are good sources as protein, fat and phosphorous.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1975

1. A nursery school principal must think over physical stamina and health of his children, and he must make an epoch making changes to nutrition control. I think that authorities concerned must give weight to quality before quantity to manage the nursery school. If the nursery school principal who has aid received from abroad and his native country must manage the nursery school rationally. It is expected that, though the nutrition level is below the level of sports middle school children, it is above the common level of home children. 2. I fear that the calories which the pupils of sports middle school assimilate a day on the average is apt to be more calories as compared with other pupils of their age(weight). This is also true for their level of activity. It is required that the nutritionist must recheck the quantity of the calorie provision. 3. I took no thought about infection with parasites in this thesis. It is because that the pupils of sports middle school have much Hb (hemoglobin), because they have had meals with a settled menu for a year or two. So, that it is expected that it is caused only by the nutritious foods regardless of parasites and that they have little Hb(hemoglobin). Besides though they are little pupils, because they have much Hb. Of taking the level with upper life classes of the the Ewha Girls University students, it will be more reliable. Therefore as we maintain the states of health of the common home children and nursery school children normally, to increase the national power, the managers of nursery schools or the heads of families must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must take the trouble much more to the management of nursery school.1. We have been undertaking the occupations of the family plannings for more ten years. But we have still failed to realize the anticipated result in the farm villages. Though it is not in this district, I think that we must make efforts in these occupations urgently, and control increases in population, decrease the consumptions of food and salt, and contribute to the increasing of the general income. 2. There is a tendency to take a little more salted foods in the cities than in the farm villages. But we are apt to take more salt in quantity(20g) to be taken in a day both in the cities and in the farm villages than it is necessary to us. So it is required that we must grope for a means of increasing of the general income as early as possible, and that we must improve our diet to be got rid of dietary life in importance. And so we have to study throughly the side effect caused due to too much salt to be taken in, if it is discovered, we must spour on a means of sweep of it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.174-179
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• 2000

The nitrogenous compounds in the muscle extracts of cultured and wild olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous, were analyzed. The analyzed coumpounds were extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, ATP and its related ompounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds. The distribution pattern of these compounds in cultured and wild fish was found to be very similar. Although the ATP and its related compounds and creatine in the muscle of cultured fish were slightly abundant than those in the muscle of wild one, the extractive nitrogen, total free amino acid, oligopeptides, and TMAO were found to be slightly rich in the muscle of wild fish than those in the muscle of cultrued one. The moisture content of cultured fish was relatively lower but the protein and fat contents of cultured one were higher than those of wild fish. However the differences in the proximate composition, extractive nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds between two fishes were not significantly different.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.410-419
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• 2005

Community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest of Mt. Yeogwi in Jin-do was investigated to secure sustainable conservation of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Twenty survey plots of $20m{\times}20m$ were established along the elevation from 200 m to 390 m above the sea level in the northwestern slope. The woody species were tallied at each plots. DBH distribution of the major evergreen broad-leaved trees was investigated to find out the spatial distribution. Cluster analysis was applied to a set of vegetation data, that is, importance value to classify the forest community. Species diversity, evenness and species correlation were analysed. Canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to vegetation data and soil environmental data. Cluster analysis showed that the forests of Mt. Yeogwi were classified into 2 community groups, such as Camellia japonica community group and Quercus acuta community group. C japonica community group was subdivided into C japonica- evergreen broad-leaved trees community, C. japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, and C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community. Q. acuta community group was subdivided into Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and Q. acuta community. C. japonica, Q. acuta, N. sericea, Machilus thunbergii and Illicium religiosum were dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species, while Styrax japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus kousa, Prunus sargentii, Albizzia julibrisin and Quercus acutissima were major deciduous tree species. Species diversity was greater in Q. acuta community group (0.8231 for Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and 0.8135 for Q. acuta community) than in C. japonica community group (0.7674 for C. japonica-evergreen broad-leaved trees community, 0.6164 for C. japonica-N. sericea community, and 0.7931 for C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community). DBH 2 cm~10 cm of major evergreen broad-leaved trees occupied 80% of all. C. japonica of less than DBH 5 cm tended to aggregate but distribute randomly or regularly with increasing DBH. Q. acuta distributed more aggregately than C. japonica and Machilus thunbergii for more than 15 cm of DBH. C. japonica correlated negatively with Q. acuta, I. religiosum and C. kousa, but positively with N. sericea. with significance at 1% level. Q. acuta correlated negatively with C. japonica, N. sericea and M. thunbergii but positively with l. religiosum. There were also negative correlation between N. sericea and C. kousa. CCA showed that forest communities were correlated with soil variables such as CEC, soil organic matter and soil pH. With increased soil organic matter and CEC, and decreased soil pH, C. japonica was dominant and forest community and Q. acuta and N. sericea tended to develop in the evergreen broad-leaved forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2008

For the use of extracts from salmon frame as a basic material of Gomtang-like products, various methods (soaking into soybean milk, adding anchovy, and adding spices) for masking fish odor into extracts from salmon frame were examined and the food component characteristics were also compared with commercial Gomtang. According to the results of volatile basic nitrogen, transmission at 660 nm and sensory evaluation of extracts, soaking treatment, which is the soaking of salmon frame into soybean milk, was the most efficient method among the various methods for masking fish odor into extracts from salmon frame. There was no difference in the proximate composition between extracts from salmon frame soaked (FS) and unsoaked (C) into soybean milk. The FS was not detected in heavy metals, such as chromium, lead and cadmium. The taste value of FS (16.26) was higher than that of C and the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Total amino acid content of FS (3.08 g/100 mL) was also higher than those of C (2.95 g/100 mL) and commercial Gomtang (1.70 g/100 mL), and the major amino acids were glycine, proline, glutamic acid and arginine. The calcium and phosphorus contents of FS/500 mL accounted for 21.7% and 18.5%, respectively, of the recommended daily allowance of mineral for adult.