• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select superior soybean cultivars for forage production for soybean forage production in Jeju. The results obtained are summarized as follows; Eighteen soybean cultivars were grown from May 11 to September 11 in 2002 in Jeju to select superior cultivars for forage production. Days to flowering was shortest(58 days) for Seokryangkong and Keunolkong, and longest(93 days) for Danpaheukdu. Days to flowering for other cultivars ranged from 65 to 69 days. Pureunkong and Namhaekong had greater heights(129.3 and 124.6 cm, respectively) while Keunolkong, Hwaeomkong and Seokryangkong had shorter heights. The number of branches per plant was gratest for Sobaekkong, Manrikong, Pungsankong, Kwangankong and Geumgangkong. The number of leaves per plant was geatest for Sobaekkong, Iksankong and Namhaekong. Rueunkong and Jangmikong had thicker stems. Fresh forage yield was greatest for Iksankong, Sobaekkong and Namhaekong(39.5, 39.3 md 38.0 MT/ha respectively). DM yield of forage was featest for Baekunkong, Hnrunkong and Danpaheukdu. Danwonkong, Dawonkong, Seokryanfong and Pungsankong had ueatest forage crude protein content. Duyukong and Kwangankong had featest forage crude fiber content. Jangmikong and Keunolkong had feater crude fat content, while Sobaekkong and Kwangankong had greater crude ash content. Namhaekong, Seokryangkong, Keunolkong and Jinpumkong had greater NFE contents ranging 40.0 to 43.5 and TDN was featest in Keunolkong, Danpaheukdu, Namhaekong and Seokryangkong had greater NFE contents ranging from 59.8 to 60.9％. The best cultivars in Jeju for forage soybean appear to be Namhaekong, Danpaheukdu md Baehukong on the basis of crude protein, TDN, and dry matter yields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 1981

Silage yield and nutritional values of a locally collected Korean corn line with high tillering and earing characteristics were investigated at plant densities from 2778 to 8333 plants/ l0a. This line and a non-tillering and nonprolific corn as a check were grown at four plant densities and at three planting dates. The Korean local line abbreviated as MET had the highest dry matter per l0a. The highest dry matter of the MET line compared with the check hybrid was due to the highest dry leaf weight of the MET line. The highest dry leaf weight of the MET line was due to the increased number of tillers of the MET line. Other plant parts such as ear weight, kernel weight and cob weight of the MET line were lower than those of the check hybrid. The dry husk weight per l0a of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, probably due to the increased number of ears in the MET line. The total embryo production per 10 a of the MET line was significantly higher than that of the check hybrid. The increased portion of embryo of the MET line is probably responsible for the higher TON values of the MET line. No interaction between variety x planting dates or planting density was found, indicating that the MET line and check hybrid were both the same in effects of planting dates and densities. Both line and hybrid showed the highest dry matter production when the planting density was high and planting dates was early. When silage was made from either MET line or check hybrid the nutritional values in terms of crude protein, crude fat, fiber, and ash contents of the MET line were similar to those of the check hybrid. But the TON of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, while the OCP of the MET line lower than that of the check hybrid. Amino acid contents of the MET line were also comparable to those of the check hybrid, while lysine content of the MET line was 10% higher than that of the check hybrid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield, and chemical compositions of corn hybrids for silage according to the drainage depths in a lowland paddy field. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. The drainage depths of the four treatments were 0 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Tip-filling degree, ear length, and ear circle were higher in the 30 cm and 50 cm treatments compared with the other treatments (p < 0.05); but the plant length, leaf length, leaf width, ear height, stem diameter, and stem hardness were not significantly different (p < 0.05). The brix was higher in the order of 20 cm > 0 cm > 50 cm > 30 cm treatment. The fresh yield, dry matter yield, and TDN yield increased as the drainage depth increased (p < 0.05). The crude-protein and crude-ash content were highest in the 50 cm treatment (p < 0.05), but the crude-fat, NDF, ADF, and crude-fiber levels were not significantly different (p < 0.05). The total mineral content was higher in the order of 0 cm > 30 cm > 20 cm > 50 cm treatment (p < 0.05). Fructose, glucose, and sucrose were highest in the 20 cm treatment. The total amino-acid (EAA + NEAA) content was the highest in the 50 cm treatment. Based on these results, greater drainage depths increased the yield and feed value of silage corn.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics, yield, chemical compositions and nutrients yield of corn hybrids for silage in the newly reclaimed hilly land. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The seeding time was at May 6. The harvest time of four treatments was milk stage (97 days), dough stage (105 days), yellow stage (112 days) and late yellow stage (119 days after seeding). Plant height, ear height, leaf numbers and ear length were highest in yellow stage (p<0.05, 0.01), but dead leaf, stem hardness and sugar degree (Brix) were higher in late yellow than other treatments. Leaf width, tip filling degree and fresh yield were not significantly different. Dry matter yield increased as the maturity stage progressed (p<0.01). Crude protein and crude fat were not significantly different. NDF and ADF decreased as the maturity stage progressed (p<0.01). Ca content was the highest at milk stage (p<0.05), Fe and P were the highest at dough stage (p<0.05, 0.01). However another minerals were not significantly different. Essential amino acid (EAA), nonessential amino acid (NEAA) and total amino acid were highest at yellow stage, but no significant differences were found among the treatments. Total free sugar contents were higher in the order of Milk > dough > yellow > late yellow stage, but no significant differences were found among the treatments. Crude protein yield was the highest at yellow stage, but crude fat yield, amino acid yield and TDN yield were highest at late yellow stage (p<0.01). Total mineral yield showed no significant difference. Based on the above results, yellow and late yellow stage compared to other maturity stage have been shown to increase dry matter yield and nutrients yield, when silage corn grow cultivate in the newly reclaimed hilly land.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2022

In preparation for the ever-changing climate and unification of North Korea and South Korea, it is necessary to increase the grain self-sufficiency rate by selecting crops with good utilization in high-altitude regions. The principle is to sow pastures at the end of August. However, sowing occurs in spring because the sowing period is missed when the weather is bad or when the workforce is insufficient. Sometimes when the grassland is completely devastated, it is frequently sowed in spring. In addition, North Korea consists of a high-altitude regions, and has been devastated in a general mountainous region. As a result, the landscape is not good and it is vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides. Therefore, to prevent this, pasture must be sowed in the high-altitude regions. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare yield and feed value of pasture species and varieties by spring sowing in high-latitude regions. The study was conducted in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, which is 700m height above sea level. The pasture species and varieties was sown on April 24, 2022. Each treatment was carried out by sowing 30 kg/ha, the experiment field size was 1 m²(1m×1m), and randomized block design with tri-repeat. The total of 14 varieties was used in the study, 6 varieties of Orchardgrass (OG), 6 varieties of Tall fescue (TF) and 2 varieties of Perennial ryegrass (PRG). The grassland composition fertilization using (N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 80:200:70 kg/ha) was conducted and management fertilizer was N:P₂O₅:K₂O at 210:150:180 kg/ha. The first harvest was June 26,2022 and the second harvest was on August 16, 2022. For statistical analysis of the data, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed using the R3.6.3 software program, and all data was subjected to analysis using Duncan's multiple range test. Significance was set at the 5% level. The dry matter yield at the first harvest was the highest in PRG, and second harvest was the highest in TF (p < 0.05). Overall, PRG showed a trend of gradually decreasing growth, OG and TF showed a trend of gradually improving growth. This showed that PRG was considerably weaker to summer depression than other pasture species. Comparing the total dry matter yield, TF was the highest (4,565.45 kg/ha), but there was no significance difference with PRG (4,487.24 kg/ha) (p < 0.05). In addition, comparing the total TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield, TF was the highest (3147.33 kg/ha), second in PRG (2975.67 kg/ha) and third in OG (2052.33 kg/ha). Since this result is the data of the second harvests, if the result is derived by the end of next year, it will be provided as basic data for selection of pasture species and varieties suitable for spring seeding in high-altitude regions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

his experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of nitrogen top dressing levels on the growth, feed value, and anthocyanin content for developing functional feed of colored barley. A colored barley cultivar, Boanchalbori, was tested in this experiment. Nitrogen top dressing levels was six (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) and top dressing time was a regeneration time. In case of productivity, heading data was get behind and dry matter rate was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05). Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels, but not significant. In case of feed value, crude protein content was significant increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Percent NDF and ADF was decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. TDN was increased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme, but no difference in spike and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of spike, whole and leaf culme of the plant. Total anthocyanin content was significant decreased with higher nitrogen top dressing levels in leaf culme and whole (p<0.05), and higher in the order of leaf culme, whole and spike of the plant. Specially, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin (Del), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) and malvidin (Mal) show a significant decrease. So there are an accumulation of anthocyanin in the culm, and standard nitrogen top dressing levels dressing on the regeneration time for produces high anthocyanin content of the colored barley.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2008

In Korea, domestic consumption of barley as a cereal crop has been decreasing since the 1980s. It has been considered that winter-season crop production could enhance the global competitiveness of domestic livestock industry by providing better quality fodder to livestock and enhancing field use rate. Therefore, the purpose of barley cultivation for cereal food production has been recently replaced by the production of forage barley. Consequently, the area of barley cultivation for forage is markedly increasing in Korea. Forage barley is cultivars especially as forage for cattle. While any type of barley can be used as forage for feeding cattle, forage barleys deliver a higher dry matter yield than conventional feed barley. We have developed forage barley cultivars with cattle's favorite characters such as smooth awn, hood and auricleless types. Cultivar Wooho, Yuyeon, and Dami have smooth awn, hood type spike, and auricleless type plant. We also developed rough awn type barley cultivars, such as Yongyang, Sunwoo, Sangweon, and Soman, showing earlymaturing and high-yielding. They showed about 12 to 10 ton ha－1 in dry matter yield (average 33 ton $ha^{-1}$ in fresh matter yield). And these were evaluated by forage quality which showed a higher grade of silage quality (TDN, ADF, NDF, CP, etc.) for whole crop barley use. Based on these results, it indicated that barley with smooth awn, hooded, and auricleless could be suitable sources in breeding for whole crop forage use.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2006

The experimental work was conducted to determine the growth characteristics, yield and feed value of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and $NO_{3^-}N$ leaching by application of various types of livestock manure (LM) at National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon, for 3years (2003-3005). The growth characteristics in chemical fertilizer (CF) was better than others in general. The growth characteristic of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid by the various type of LM was good in order of composted swine manure (CSM) > liquid swine manure (LSM) > composted cattle manure (CSM), whereas the growth characteristics by application level of LM was good in order of LM 100%+CF 25%>LM 75%+CF 25%>LM 100%. Dry matter(DM) yield in LSM and CSM increased by 23% and 18% respectively while DM yield in CCM decreased 24% as compared to CF. Moreover total digestible nutrients (TDN) in LSM and CSM increased by 24% and 18% respectively while TDN in CCM decreased 12% as compared to CF. Crude protein and relative feed value in LM decreased compared to those in CF. $NO_{3^-}N$ leaching by application level of LM showed that there was an increase in order of LM 100%+ CF 25%>LM 75%+CF 25%>LM 100%. Also the high concentration of $NO_{3^-}N$ occurred shortly after application of LM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2018

Oats (Avena sativa L.), which are known as one of the forage crops of Korea, have good livestock palatability and are popular to cattle farmers because of their high dry matter. However, the cultivation of double cropping in the rice field was reluctant due to the late maturing for farmers to plant rice continuously. 'Hi-early', a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between '517A2-121'(IT133383) and 'CI7604' (IT133379). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon, Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advance yield test for 2 years, 'SO2004015-B-B-23-1-3-7', designated as a line name of 'Gwiri92', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as 'Hi-early'. Cultivar 'Hi-early' has the characteristics of medium leaves of green color, thick diameter culm, and medium grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Hi-early' was about 9 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan' (April 26 and May 5, respectively). Average forage fresh yield of 'Hi-early' harvested at milk-ripe stage was similar to check cultivar ($40.2tone\;ha^{-1}$ and 40.0 tone ha-1, respectively), and dry matter yield also was similar to check cultivar (14.2 tone ha-1 and $14.0tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). Cultivar 'Hi-early' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (6.2% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (61.0%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check ($7.91tone\;ha^{-1}$ and $7.64tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Hi-early' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and chemical compositions of rye according to mixing ratio of chemical fertilize r(CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) in paddy field cultivation. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The manure fertilizer ratio of five treatments were CF 100% + LSM 0% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and CF 0% + LSM 100% (T4) of rye. At this time, the application of liquid swine manure was based solely on nitrogen. Plant length did not show significant differences among treatments. Ear length, leaf length and leaf width were the longest in C, T3, and T2, respectively (p<0.05). The stem diameter showed in the order of T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 > C, which was thicker as the LSM application rate increased (p<0.05). Fresh, dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield were the highest in T4 (p<0.05), whereas the lowest in C treatment. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude fiber content were did not show significant difference among treatments. However, compared to C, crude fat and crude ash were significantly higher in T2 and T3, respectively (p<0.05). Total mineral content decreased significantly as the LSM application rate increased (p<0.05). Total free sugar showed high in T3 and T4 with a high LSM ratio, but showed significantly lower in chemical fertilizer treatment (C) and low LSM treatment (T1) (p<0.05). The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of LSM is very effective, considering the dry matter yield and the contents of free sugar. In addition, LSM may be possible to grow rye without chemical fertilizer.