• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1995

In this paper, we have developed a model to determine the input quantity to be processed at each stage of a multi-stage production system in which the yield at each stage may be random and may need reworking at this stage. Yield randomness. especially in a semiconductor industry, is a most challenging problem for production control. The demand for flnal product is uncertain. We have extended the model proposed in Park and Kim[9] to consider a multiple number of reworkings which can be done at any stage prior to or tat the stage whose output in bad, depending on the level of the defect.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2002

Convection-dominated melting in a rectangular cavity is analyzed numerically with particular attention to the multi-cellular flows in the melt. At the earlier stage of the melting, the melt region is quite similar to a cavity with high aspect rati71, where the multi-cellular natural convection appears. Numerical results show that the formation and evolution of the multiple flow cells in the melt region is approximately similar to t]tat of a single-phase flow in a tall cavity with the same aspect ratio; however, the continuous change of the melt region due to the melting affects the detailed process. Also, numerical aspects for the prediction of the detailed flow structure in the melt are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.775-781
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• 2002

The T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TATI) is a Na$^{+}$-independent amino acid transporter which selectively trans- ports aromatic amino acids subserving the amino acid transport system T. To understand the transport properties of aromatic amino acids by human TAT1 (hTATl ), we have examined the hTATl -mediated aromatic amino acid transports using a Xenopus laeuis oocyte expression system. When expressed in Xenopin laeuis oocytes, hTATl induced L- [$^{14}$ C]tryptophan transport which was not dependent on Na$^{+}$ or Cl$^{[-10]}$ in the medium. Uptake was time-dependent and exhibited a linear dependence on incubation time up to 30 min. The L- ($^{14}$ C)tryptophan uptake was highly inhibited by L-isomers of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine, whereas other L-amino acids did not inhibit hTATl -mediated L- ($^{14}$ C)tryptophan uptake. The hTATl induced the relatively low-affinity transport of aromatic amino acids such as L- ($^{14}$ C)tryptophan, L- ($^{14}$ C)tyrosine and L- ($^{14}$ C)phenylalanine (Km values: 450～750 $\mu$M), consistent with the properties of classical amino acid transport system T. The L- ($^{14}$ C)tryptophan uptake did not show any remarkable pH dependence within the pH range of 5.5 to 8.5. The time-dependent efflux of L- ($^{14}$ C)tryptophan was detected from the oocytes expressing hTATl, which was not affected by the presence or absence of L-tryptophan in the extracellular medium, indicating that hTATl-mediated transport is due to the facilitated diffusion. Expression of hTATl in Xenopu laevis oocytes induced the transport of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine, indicating that hTATl is a transporter subserving system T These results suggest that hTATl has essential roles in the absorption of aromatic amino acids from epithelial cells to the blood stream. Hecause hTATl is proposed to be crucial to the efficient absorption of aromatic amino acids from intestine and kidney, its defect such as blue diaper syndrome could be involved in the disruption of aromatic amino acid transport.ort.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.583-589
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• 2002

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 is a cytoplasmic-transcription factor that is phosphorylated by Janus kinases (Jak) in response to interferon $\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$). The phosphorylated STAT1 translocates to the nucleus, where it turns on specific sets of IFN-$\gamma$-inducible genes, such as the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1. We show here that gamma irradiation reduces the IFN-$\gamma$ mRNA expression. The inhibition of the STAT1 phosphorylation and the IRF-1 expression by gamma irradiation was also observed. In contrast, the mRNA levels of IL-5 and transcription factor GATA-3 were slightly induced by gamma irradiation when compared to the non-irradiated sample. Furthermore, we detected the inhibition of cell-mediated immunity by gamma irradiation in the allogenic-mixed lymphocytes' reaction (MLR). These results postulate that gamma irradiation induces the polarized-Th2 response and interferes with STAT1 signals, thereby causing the immunosuppression of the Th1 response.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

The concrete purpose of this study is to suggest actually a debt ratio to optimize the capital structure providing a kind of approach to estimate the proper debt ratio with an analytical model and empirical data in Korean shipping industry. The mathematical and analytical model is started from the first equation about ROE, return of net operating income on equity, with an independent variable, debt ratio. It is constructed with several parameters, ROS(return of operating income on sales), TAT(total assets turnover), and NFCL(net finance cost to liabilities). There could not be a certain relationship between debt ratio and ROS or TAT, while some correlation or causality between debt ratio and NFCL. In other words, most of firms with high debt ratio is likely to burden higher finance cost than others with low one. In this case, there is a linearity relationship between debt ratio and NFCL, so then the second equation considering this relation could be included within the analytical approach of this paper. To be short, if the criteria of adequate debt ratio has to be defined as some level of debt ratio to optimize ROE, the ROE could be illustrated as a quadratic equation to debt ratio from two equations. Next, this research estimated those parameters' numbers through the single regression method with data over 12 years of Korean shipping industry, and identified empirically the fact that optimal debt ratio would be approximately 400%. To conclude, if that industry's sales and operating incomes are stable, the debt ratio could be accepted until twice of 200% had forced in order to guarantee its financial safety in past time.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.537-543
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• 2010

Let X be a regular $T_1$-space such that each single point set is a $G_{\delta}$ set. Denot 'hereditarily closure-preserving' by 'HCP'. To consider a question of closed maps of S. Lin in [6], we improve some results of Foged in [1], and prove the following propositions. Proposition 1. $D\;=\;\{x{\in}X\;:\;\mid\{F{\in}\cal{F}:x{\in}F\}\mid{\geq}{\aleph}_0\}$ is discrete and closed if $\cal{F}$ is a collection of HCP. Proposition 2. $\cal{H}\;=\;\{{\cup}\cal{F}'\;:\;F'$ is an fininte subcolletion of $\cal{F}_n\}$ is HCP if $\cal{F}$ is a collection of HCP. Proposition 3. Let (X,$\tau$) have a $\sigma$-HCP k-network. Then (X,$\tau$) has a $\sigma$-HCP k-network F = ${\cup}_n\cal{F}_n$ such that such tat: (i) $\cal{F}_n\;\subset\;\cal{F}_{n+1}$, (ii) $D_n\;=\;\{x{\in}X\;:\;\mid\{F{\in}\cal{F}_n\;:\;x{\in}F\}\mid\;{\geq}\;{\aleph}_0\}$ is a discrete closed set and (iii) each $\cal{F}_n$ is closed to finite intersections.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.54-57
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• 1988

A film is fabricated by depositing several slices ultra thin films on a slide glass. The UV-absorbance outcomed on a multi-layered bulky ultra thin film with (N-docosyl pyridinium)-TCNQ (1:2) complex results tat the quantity of UV-absorbances becomes more linearly according to the number of layer becomes higher. In addition, it is found that the capacitance of this film gets smaller as the number of layer gets higher. Finally, the conductivity of this film is measured by the direction of the long axis of the TCNQ radical anion, and is resulted in a remarkably low value (about 1.66∼3.78 x 10$\^$-14/S/cm).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.271-274
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of composition of nutrient solution on the growth and quality of baby leaf vegetables (tat soi, romaine lettuce, beet, and red radish) hydroponically cultivated in plant factory. The seeds of four vegetable crops were sown in urethane sponges and cultivated for 14 days in a plant factory. Light intensity and photoperiod were $110{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and 16 h, respectively; and air temperature in photo/darkperiod was maintained at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Tap water was used for irrigation for 7 days after sowing, and then plants were irrigated for 7 days using tap water and the nutrient solutions of Korea Wonshi, Japan Enshi, and Yamazaki for lettuce. At 14 days after sowing, the fresh weight of tah soi was highest in the nutrient solution of Yamazaki for lettuce, and there were no significant differences among nutrient solutions in beet and red radish. When we compared leaf color using Hunter's a value, the nutrient solution of Korea Wonshi and Japan Enshi increased green color in baby leaf vegetables, while the nutrient solution of Yamazaki for lettuce increased red color. Total phenolic content of romaine lettuce was highest in the nutrient solution of Korea Wonshi, but tat soi, beet, and red radish showed no significant differences among nutrient solutions in total phenolic contents. From these results, we suggest that using the nutrient solution of Korea Wonshi can enhance the growth and quality of romaine lettuce and the nutrient solution of Yamazaki for lettuce is appropriate for enhancing the growth and red color of beet and red radish in plant factory.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.55
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• pp.137-166
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• 2018

Wenn nach dem starken Trinken etwas strafbares passiert, so ist das Gesamtverhalten als $strafw{\ddot{u}}rdig$ und strafbar anzuerkennen. Aber nach dem Schuldprinzip handelt ohne Schuld, wer bei Begehung der Tat $unf{\ddot{a}}hig$ ist, das Unrecht der Tat einzusehen oder nach dieser Einsicht zu handeln(Koinzidenzprinzip). Die Rechtsfigur der "actio libera in causa" dient dazu, diese in $h{\ddot{a}}ufigen$ $F{\ddot{a}}llen$ als kriminalpolitisch $unerw{\ddot{u}}nscht$ empfundene $L{\ddot{u}}cke$ zu umgehen. Dabei kommt auch dem Vollrauschtatbestand in der Praxis $erh{\ddot{o}}hte$ Bedeutung zu. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber war sich bei der Aufnahme des Vollrauschtatbestandes in das Gesetz durchaus $bewu{\ss}t$, $da{\ss}$ die Vorschrift eine Ausnahme zur Schuldzurechnungsregelung darstellte. Er $w{\ddot{a}}hlte$ jedoch die Form eines $selbst{\ddot{a}}ndigen$ Tatbestandes, um die Durchbrechung des reinen Schuldprinzips $ertr{\ddot{a}}glich$ zu machen. Der Vollrauschtatbestand ist ein abstraktes $Gef{\ddot{a}}hrdungdsdelikt$ -demnach die im Rausch verwirklichte rechtswidrige Tat nur objektive Bedingung der Strafbarkeit ist -, das sachlich eine Schuldzurechnungsregelung $enth{\ddot{a}}lt$, und zwar eine Ausnahme $gegen{\ddot{u}}ber$ die Regelungen ${\ddot{u}}ber$ Schuldzurechnung. Dieser Vollrauschtatbestand ist dennoch als regitime $Erg{\ddot{a}}nzung$ der in Schuldzurechnungsregelungen beschriebenen $Schuldzurechnungsgrunds{\ddot{a}}tze$ anzusehen. Er steht $n{\ddot{a}}mlich$ in Einklang mit dem Schuldgrundsatz, wenn als subjektives Tatbestandsmerkmal des Vollrausches die Kenntnis der $Gef{\ddot{a}}hrlichkeit$ des Rauschzustandes $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Begehung von Delikten vorausgesetzt wird.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.