• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2023

Background: Laminitis is a complex and debilitating disease of horses. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to laminitis development, however the exact pathogenesis remains undetermined. Serum T4, cortisol, and histamine are components of the innate stress response and could play a causative or contributory role. Stress hormone concentrations in laminitis are largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate parameters associated with stress response in horses with laminitis, and compare these to healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Methods: Thirty-eight adult horses presenting for non-medical conditions, GI abnormalities, or clinical laminitis were prospectively enrolled. Horses were assigned to the appropriate disease group (healthy, GI disease, and laminitis) and had blood drawn on presentation to the hospital. Samples were analyzed for plasma endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (eACTH), serum cortisol, serum thyroid hormone, and plasma histamine. Results: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly different between horses in the laminitis and GI disease groups. Plasma histamine levels were highest in horses with laminitis, compared with GI disease and controls. Both horses with laminitis and GI disease had increased plasma eACTH when compared to healthy horses. Horses with GI disease had higher serum cortisol concentrations than horses with laminitis or controls. Serum T4 was lower in horses with GI disease than in horses with laminitis and controls. Conclusions: Horses with laminitis had relative increases in both plasma histamine and eACTH concentrations. Serum T4 and cortisol concentrations of horses with laminitis did not differ significantly when compared to healthy horses. The role of stress hormones in equine disease warrants further investigation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002

월동기 90일 동안 transgenic coho salmon의 사료섭식량, 성장도 및 혈중 호르몬 수준을 파악하였다. 실험 종료시 실험구별 사료섭식량은 비교해 볼 때 tGH구가 Wild구보다 약4배 정도 높게 나타났지만, 사료효율의 경우 오히려 tGH구가 Wild구보다 1.1 배 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 생존률은 tGH구가 Wild구보다 높게 나타났고, 성장은 tGH구가 길이에 있어 1.4배, 무게의 경우 약 3배 빠르게 나타났으며, 비만도 역시 tGH구가 Wild구보다 높게 나타났다. 실험구별 성장에 따른 호르몬 분석 결과, GH와 thyroid hormone의 농도는 tGH구가 Wild구에 비해 약 2배 정도 높은 값을 나타냈었다. 실험구별 형태적 특징을 관찰해 본 결과, tGH구들은 Wild구와 비교해 머리가 몸에 비해 상대적으로 크면서 꼬리지느러미의 가랑이 부분이 중심선으로 위, 아래가 확연히 분리되어 있지 않았다. 또한 몸통 부분은 길이에 비해 상대적으로 체고가 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children. Methods: Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations. Results: The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only. Conclusions: Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

한국 남성의 연령 증가에 따른 혈중 luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), 그리고 타액 T 수준 변화를 조사하였다. 혈중LH 수준은 40대까지 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으나(20s, $2.5{\sim}1.0$; 30s, $2.7{\sim}1.5$; and 40s, $2.5{\sim}1.8\;mIU/mL$), 50대 이상에서 유의하게 증가하였다(50s, $3.7{\sim}1.8$ and 60s, $3.1{\sim}1.7\;mIU/mL$). 또한, 혈중 T 수준도 40대까지는 변화하지 않았으나(20s, $5.3{\sim}2.6$, 30s, $4.4{\sim}1.4$, 40s, $4.1{\sim}1.5$ ng/mL), 50대 이후 유의하게 감소하였다(50s, $3.4{\sim}1.5$; 60s, $2.6{\sim}0.8\;ng/mL$). 타액 T 수준 또한 40대까지 약간의 변화가 나타났으나($20s{\sim}40s$, $0.11{\pm}0.015\;ng/mL$), 50대에 유의하게 감소하였다($0.08{\sim}0.03\;ng/mL$). 타액 T 대 혈중 T의 상대적인 비율은 모든 연령대에서 유의한 변화가 없었다($2.4{\sim}0.9%$). 직선회귀 분석(Linear regression analysis)에서 혈중 LH 수준은 매년 1.5%씩 증가하고 혈중 T와 타액 T 수준은 각각 매년 1%와 0.8%씩 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다. 혈중 T/LH 비율은 40대까지 유의한 변화가 없었으나($20s{\sim}40s$; $2.27{\pm}0.14$) 50대에 유의하게 감소하였다($1.2{\sim}1.0$). 연령과 관련된 타액 T/LH 비율은 혈중 T/LH 비율과 대단히 유사하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 혈중 LH와 T, 그리고 타액 T 수준이 한국인 남성에서 40대까지는 유의하게 변화하지 않았고, 50대부터는 LH 수준이 증가하고 T 수준이 감소하였다. 이 결과는 50대경 노화과정에 의해 일어나는 원발성 정소부전(primary testicular failure)이 원인인 것으로 보인다. 또한, 본 연구결과는 비록 타액 T 수준이 혈중 총 T 수준과 약한 상관관계(r=0.53)를 갖지만, 혈중 free T 수준을 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 그러므로, 타액 T 수준에 대한 정보는 연령과 관련해서 나타나는 남성 정소생리를 연구하는데 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 1998

Thyroid hormone(T3) stimulates hepatic lipogenesis by increasing expression of genes, indluding acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. S14 protein, which is thougth to be involved in lipid metabolism , appears to respond in parallel . Effect of T3 on lipogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue are less clear, and may be complicated by indirect effects of the hormone. We developed an adipocytes system where the indirect effects of thyroid hormone are abolished and direct effects of T3 on lipogenesis could be tested. Fat accumulation was mesured by Oil-Red O staining. Insulin clearly enhanced fat accumulation by 2-fold . Isobutylemethylxanthie(IBMX) apeared to inhibit insulin -stimulated fat accumulation. Dexamethasone increased insulin-stimulatedfat accumulation about 1.3-fold. confluent adipocytes were cultured in serum-free medium or medium containing 10% fetal calf serum or 10% fetal calf serum stripped of thyroid hormone and lipogenesis, assessed by the incorporation of 3H2O , was measured. Medium without serum or supplemented with T3-depleted serum did not amplify the stimulatory effect of T3 on lipogenesis compared to medium containing 10% fetal calf seru. Dexamethasone alone led to a decrease inlopogenesis of about 50 % in white adipocytes and 25% in brown adipocytes. However, dexamethasone amplified the lipogenic respnse to T3 by about 30% in whit eadipocytes and 60% in brown adipocytes. T3(1$\mu$M) stimulated lipogenesis and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid syntase mRNA levels up to 2 -fold in both types of adipocytes. It seems that these adipocytes systems are as useful model to study the effects of hormones on lipogenic gene expression as well as lipogenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2000

The effects of the members of the same nuclear receptor superfamily (all-trans retinoic acid (RA), thyroid hormone(T3) or hydrocortisone) on proliferation and differentiation in the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines were studied. NB cells were treated with RA, T3, or hydrocortisone at concentration of 10$^{-6}$ M or 10$^{-8}$ M for 3 days or 7 days. RA induced concentration- and time-dependent morphologic differentiation(neurite outgrowth and microtubule-associated protein expression) and growth inhibition in NB cells. Treatment of 10$^{-7}$ M T3 for 7 days increased viability and differentiation of NB cells. Treatment of 10$^{-6}$ M hydrocortisone for 7 days increased viability of NB cells. Although these three effectors are members of the same receptor superfamily, the regulation of brain development may be carried out in a different manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1994

To study the relationship between certain hormones and metabolites and between hormones and milk yield during different stage of lactation, six lactating Karan Swiss cows and six Murrah buffaloes were maintained. Growth hormone, insulin, $T_3$, $T_4$, glucose, BHBA, NEFA and milk yield were studied. Highly negative relationship of growth hormone with insulin and triiodothyronine in cows and marginally negative in buffaloes suggest that insulin and triiodothyronine aid in the process of partitioning of nutrients towards milk production through reducing the demands of nutrients by peripheral tissue. The significant and negative correlation of growth hormone with dry matter intake in both the species suggest that the availability of nutrients from the digestive tract play a role in the regulation of growth hormone secretion. Positive relationship of growth hormone with non esterified fatty acids in both the species suggest that high growth hormone levels may result in fat mobilization and thereby increase the availability of energy precursors for milk synthesis. Insulin was negatively correlated with milk yield and lactose content and positively with milk fat and protein but the degree of relationship varied. In both the species the relationship between triiodothyronine and milk yield was negative and between thyroxine and milk yield was positive. However, it was significant only in cows and not in buffaloes. Thyroxine was positively correlated with beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids with milk yield in both the species.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 1998

In order to study the effect of direct moxibustion on depressed immune response and thyroid hormone in rats exposed to cold stress, Sprague-Dawley male rats were put in the horizontal refrigerator by $-10^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and thereafter $-18^{\circ}C$ for 11 days(control group). Sample I group was treated by daily direct moxibustion to bilateral Shinsu(BL23) from the 22nd day to the 25th day for 4 days under the same condition with the control group. Sample II group was treated by daily direct moxibustion to bilateral non-acupoints near the root of the tail from the 22nd day to the 25th day for 4 days under the same condition with the control group. And RBC, WBC, CD4+ T cell count, T3, T4 and TSH were measured. The results were as follows; 1. RBC increased with statistical significance in the sample I and sample II groups compared with the control group. 2. WBC increased with statistical significance in the sample I group, but there was not any significance in the sample II group compared with the control group. 3. Lymphocyte increased with statistical significance both in the sample I and sample II groups compared with the control group. 4. CD4+ T cell count increased with statistical significance both in the sample I and sample II groups compared with the control group. 5. T3, T4 and TSH increased respectively with statistical significance in the sample I and sample II groups compared with the control group.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1996

1994년 12월부터 1995년 6월까지 연세대학교 원주의과대학 원주기독병원 정신과 병동에 입원한 20명의 양극성 장애 조증 환자들을 대상으로 하여 입원 당시와 입원후 6주에 갑상선 호르몬(T3, T4, TSH)과 조증 증상척도(YMRS)를 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 입원후 6주 갑상선 호르몬 측정치는 T3의 경우 입원당시에 비해 평균치가 약간 증가하였으나, 증가 9명, 감소 11명이었다. T4의 경우 평균치는 비교적 크게 감소하였으며 증가 4명, 감소 16명이었다. TSH평균치는 증가하였으며, 증가 14명, 감소 6명이었다. 2) 입원후 6주의 YMRS 총점 평균은 입원당시에 비해 현저히 감소하였고 YMRS의 11개 하위척도의 평균 점수도 감소하였다. 3) 입원 당시와 입원후 6주의 T3, T4, TSH의 변화와 YMRS의 변화 사이의 관계를 조사한 바, T3의 경우, 증가, 감소, 변화없음의 3군간에 YMRS하위척도 6번(말 :속도/양), 7번(언어, 사고의 장애), 10번(용모)에서 점수변화율에 유의한 차이가 있었다. T4 및 TSH의 변화와 YMRS의 변화사이에는 뚜렷한 관련성을 찾을 수 없었다. 4) 이상의 결과를 토대로, 갑상선 호르몬의 변화가 조증 증상 변화 또는 조증 아형 분류의 자료로서 활용될 가능성이 있음을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.319-323
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• 1993

The effect of bovine growth hormone digested with trypsin on whole-body protein synthesis in vitro of chicken embryos was investigated by using a whole-embryo culture system. Bovine growth hormone at 5.3 and 530 ng/ml was digested partially and completely with trypsin for 4 min and 18 h, respectively. After culturing chicken embryos with a synthetic medium containing $L-[4-^3H]$ pheylalanine, whole-embryo protein synthesis was determined from the ratio of specific radioactivities of free and protein-bound pheylalanine. Whole-embryo protein synthesis of the control group cultured with no bovine growth hormone was $49.5{\pm}2.2%/d$. There was no significant interaction between digestion time and the concentration of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone. Tryptic digestion of bovine growth hormone increased fractional synthesis rates of whole-body protein compared to the 0-min groups, and there was no significant difference between the 4-min and 18-h groups. The higher concentration (530 ng/ml) of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone was more effective in enhancing whole-embryo protein synthesis than the lower concentration (5.3 ng/ml).