• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding system on performance in Korean Native Commercial Chicken. A total 864 birds produced from (Cornish ♂ X (Korean Native Chicken ♂ XRhode Island Red♀)♀ ] crossbreeds in National Livestock Research Institute, for 16 weeks. Feeding system of T1 and T$_2$ were same types from hatch to 8 weeks, starter diets(O~4 weeks, mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 22.94%), grower diets(4~8 weeks, crumble, ME 3,100kcal, CP 19.31%). Nutrient content of finisher diets of T$_1$(pellet, ME 3,200kcal, CP 20.44%) was higher than T$_2$(mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 14.88%) in order to improve meat quality for 8~16 weeks. Fertility and hatchability of Korean Native Commercial Chicken was 83.9% and 69.7%, respectively. Viabilities of T$_1$ and T$_2$ at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 98.8%, 97.9%, 96.5% and 99.1%, 95. 8%, 92.8%, 90.3%, respectively. The viability of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly in feed treatments, but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Body weights of T$_1$and T$_2$ at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 551g, 1,379g, 2,441g, 3,056g and 554g, 1,360g, 2,254g, 2,956g, respectively. The body weight of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T1 higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Feed conversion of T$_1$ and T$_2$ to 4, 8,12 and 16 weeks were 1.91, 2.28, 3.34, 4.23 and 1.90, 2.28, 3.53, 4.46, respectively. The feed conversion of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ lower than T$_2$(P<0.05). The ME intake 1 bird per 1 day of T$_1$ and T$_2$were 3S9kcal, 357kca1, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP intake were 24.8g, 20.3g, respectively. T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P$_1$ and T$_2$were 13,426kca1, 13,819Ykcal, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP requirement per kg body weight gain were 928g, 763g, respectively, T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.767-776
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary herbal product(Miracle$^{\circledR}$) supplementation on the performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora and blood parameters in pigs. Forty eight cross bred(Y${\times}$L${\times}$D) weanling pigs (average initial body weight 7.84kg${\pm}$0.17, 28 d old) were used in 35 d feeding trial. Pigs were allotted to 16 raised floor cages(W 35.5cm${\times}$L45cm${\times}$H 55cm). Each treatment had four replications of 3 pigs each. Treatments were: control (T1), CTC 100ppm (T2), Miracle$^{\circledR}$ 0.15% (T3) and CTC 100ppm + Miracle$^{\circledR}$ 0.15% (T4). The herbal product supplementation(T3) tended to improve the weight gain, feed intake, feed/gain but there were no significant differences among treatments. Nutrient digestibility was significantly(P〈0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The pigs fed T3 diet showed the lowest digestibility of DM, crude protein, NFE, P, and amino acids among treatments. Serum cholesterol level of pigs fed T3 diet was lowest and significantly(P〈0.05) lower than those fed antibiotic supplemented diet(T2). Triglyceride and HDL level of the pigs fed T3 diet were also lower than those of others but the differences were not significant. The level of serum IgG was significantly(P〈0.05) different among treatments. The level of serum IgG was highest in T4, followed by T1, T2 and T3. Serum AST(Aspartate aminotransferase) level of the control(T1) was lower than other treatments. Levels of serum total protein, albumin and ALT(Alanine aminotransferase) were not significantly different among treatments. The colony forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus, Cl. perfringens and E.coli in feces were not significantly different among treatments but those of Cl. perfringens of T2 (CTC 100ppm) showed the lowest count at both 3rd and 5th wk. It is concluded that herbal product Miracle$^{\circledR}$ does not significantly affect growth performance of weanling pigs but it influenced the digestibility, serum IgG, cholesterol and AST level. The combination of the herbal product Miracle$^{\circledR}$ with antibiotic(CTC) showed no synergistic effects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2008

By means of a Riccati transform and averaging technique some oscillation criteria are established for perturbed nonlinear differential equations of second order $(P_1)\;(p(t)x'(t))'+q(t)|x({\phi}(t)|^{{\alpha}+1}sgnx({\phi}(t))+g(t,\;x(t))=0$ $(P_2)$ and $(P_3)$ satisfying the condition (H). A comparison theorem and examples are given.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.152-163
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• 2002

This study was done to provide basic data to develop smoking prevention and non-smoking education program. Questionnaire were collected from 438 male, 474 female middle school students at Chunchon, Kwangwon-do from Sep 2, 2000 to Feb 28, 2001. The Questionnaire used to measure subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking was Guideline for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population by WHO. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-Win program. The results were as follows. 1.The average score of knowledge about smoking of subjects was 57.01 on the basis of 100. 2. The average score of attitude about smoking of subjects was 63.54 on the basis of 100. 3. In knowledge about smoking, there were statistically significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=3.218, p=.041), thinking about smoking behavior(F=3.424, p=.017), harmfulness of smoking(F=17.202, p=.000), present drinking(F=3.555, p=.029) and in attitude about smoking, there were statisti cally significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=20.520, p=.000), sex(t= -5.073, p=.000), mother's smoking(t= -2.405, p=.035), brother's smoking(t= -5.022, p=.000), mother's schooling(F= 3.730, p=.024), having smoking friend or not (t=-9.357, p=.000), subjects' smoking experience (t=-12.363, p=.000), present smoking(F= 76.643, p=.000), quantity of smoking(F= 6.808, p=.001), period of stop smoking(F= 4.685, p=.004), beginning time of smoking (F=2.286, p=.049), thinking about smoking behavior(F=17.933, p=.000), harmfulness of smoking(F=58.360, p=.000), present drinking (F=58.071, p=.000). 4. There were significant relationship between subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking(r=.469, p=.000).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1453-1457
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• 2002

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of 4 feeding systems on growth, feed intake, eating behavior, lactation performance, gestation period, post-partum heat period, conception rate and parasitic infestation of Black Bengal goat. Twenty four does of approximately 1 year of age were randomly selected for 4 treatment (feeding systems) groups having 6 replications in each. Treatments were stall feeding ($T_1$), tethering ($T_2$), restricted grazing ($T_3$) and grazing ($T_4$). $T_1$ group was housed continuously and adequate amounts of natural grass were supplied for ad libitum feeding. $T_2$ group was tethered for grazing natural grass from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. being moved at one hour intervals. Goats of $T_3$ group were allowed grazing from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. $T_4$ group was grazed from 8 a. m. to 4 p.m. Concentrate supplement was given at the rate of 150 g per day per goat for all of the treatment groups. Duration of experiment was 219 days. Daily live weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case of stall fed goats than that of others. DM intake also significantly (p<0.05) differed among the treatment groups and was 3.40 3.95, 3.76 and 4.05 per cent of their live weight for stall feeding, tethering, restricted grazing and grazing groups, respectively. Rate of rumination was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case of tethering group of goats than that of others. Birth weight of kids, milk yield, lactation period and post-partum heat period were significantly higher in case of stall fed goats than others. Tethering group showed significantly (p<0.05) higher litter size than others. Infestation rate of Fasciola was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the grazing group. In conclusion, it may be stated that among these feeding groups overall performance of stall fed goats was more satisfactory, and that the tethering group showed better performance than the others.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.541-550
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• 2022

This study was conducted by collecting data from September to November 2021 for third-year students enrolled in the Department of Nursing at a university located in D city in order to confirm the educational effect of psychiatric nursing simulation practice using standardized patients. For data analysis, using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program, the results before and after the simulation class on general characteristics, communication ability, problem-solving ability, learning self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction were compared and verified. As a result of the study, communication ability (t=-3.199, p=.004) and learning satisfaction (t=-3.342, p=.003) significantly increased after education. However, problem-solving ability (t=-1.875, p=.072) and learning self-efficacy (t=-1.432, p=.164) were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously operate education applying standardized patients to improve the communication ability and learning satisfaction of nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 2011

To evaluate the aquatic ecological characteristics in Sinpyongcheon constructed wetlands for treating nonpoint source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water, the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants, and chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07~1.47, 0.60~2.65, 0.50~4.60, 1.38~6.26 and $0.08{\sim}0.32mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 14%, 6%, 18%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was $813mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $1,172mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was $247mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $359mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. Organic matter, T-N, and T-P contents in sediments were high in the order of $1^{st}$ bed > $2^{nd}$ bed > $3^{rd}$ bed. Microbial biomass C/N/P ratios in sediments in $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ were 78~110/3~6/1, 73~204/1~6/1, and 106~169/1~6/1, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.494-501
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• 2015

A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake ($76.8{\pm}4.2g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility ($55.3{\pm}1.22$; $69.9{\pm}0.85$; $46.3{\pm}1.65%$ respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets ($3.0{\pm}0.32g/d$). In contrast, the rumen ammonia ($NH_3-N$) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The $NH_3-N$ concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 1991

A production model was constructed by combining the production rate and biomass of Sargassum confusum measured at monthly intervals on the coast of Ohori, Korea, to estimate the algal production for a given period. The production for a certain period, e.g., for a year (P/SUB yr/), was calculated from the equation: P/SUB yr/ = .int.P/SUB t/$.$B/SUB t/dt, where pl and Bl are the production rate and biomass at time t. P/SUB l/ was considered as a function of temperature and light. Photosynthesis-Irradiance curves obtained from the in situ experiments were applied for P/SUB l/ Temperature and light intensity can be expressed as periodic functions of time (T, L=f(t)). Diurnal values of water temperature and light intensity at 3 m depth where S. confusum mainly found were substituted into the equation of P/SUB l/. Simulations using our models show that temperature was one of the most sensitive factors operating on the primary production. Thirty percent decrease of light intensity by cloud cover was estimated to decrease the annual production by 5%.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2006

Purpose: Various minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as an endoscopic mucosal resection and a laparoscopic gastrectomy, are becoming common practice for some cases of early gastric cancer (EGC) defined in terms of the depth of invasion being limited to the mucosa or submucosa. However, there are rare cases of early gastric cancer with massive lymph-node metastasis. Materials and Methods: From 6 university hospitals of Korea, 2,772 EGC cases were resected during the various period of analysis (1,432 cases of mucosal cancer and 1,340 of submucosal cancer). Results: As control data, we used the data from a single institute, CHA University Hospital. There were nine cases of early gastric cancer (9/2,772, 0.32%) with N3 lymph node metastasis defined by more than 15 lymph nodes being metastasized according to the UICC-TNM classification (pT1N3, stage IV). Two cases were mucosal cancer (2/1,432, 0.1 4%), and seven cases were submucosal cancer (7/1,340, 0.52%). Metastasized lymph nodes varied in number from 18 to 52. There were three male and six female patients with a mean age of 57. This is a totally reversed sex ratio compared to the usual gastric cancer or EGC. Among the total of 9 EGC patients, there were 5 who had superficial spreading carcinomas with surface areas larger than $25\;cm^2$. This is a significantly higher proportion compared to the general EGC population. When we compared the tumor size according to the LN status, the N3 group was definitely larger than the other groups. 78% of the pT1N3 cases showed lymphatic invasion, which is very high compared to the 4.7% in general EGC cases. Among the 9 cases, 6 patients had too short a follow-up period to evaluate the correct prognosis, but there was one patient with a non-curative resection and two patients with early recurrence. Although the sample size is small and the follow-up period is short, we can expect a very poor prognosis when we consider the common prognosis of EGC that is widely known and accepted. Conclusion: From these results, we can a conclude that the risk factors for pT1N3 gastric cancer are female patients, submucosal invasion, larger tumor size, and lymphatic invasion. However rare, the existence of pT1N3 gastric cancer needs to be taken into consideration, especially during the diagnosis. Furthermore, minimally invasive treatment for EGC needs to be chosen with great precaution. Since the prognosis of pT1N3 gastric cancer is expected to be poor, aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy may be necessary. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2006;6:109-113)