• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1301-1309
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• 2011

비만은 중성지방이 체내에 과잉으로 축적되어 지방 본래의 에너지 저장과 대사조절의 기능을 정상적으로 하지 못하는 상태를 말한다. 본 연구진은 siRNA 방법을 이용하여 Wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT)/${\beta}$-catenin pathway에 의한 지방축적 조절에서 중요한 역할을 하는 유전자를 확인하고자 하였다. WNT/${\beta}$-catenin pathway에 속한 유전자 중 ${\beta}$-catenin을 siRNA기법을 통하여 knock down 한 후 adipogenesis의 핵심 조절자인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)${\alpha}$의 mRNA와 단백질 발현 변화를 확인해 보았다. 그 결과 ${\beta}$-catenin유전자의 knock down에 의하여 PPAR${\gamma}$, CEBP${\alpha}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현이 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였다. WNT/${\beta}$-catenin pathway에서 ${\beta}$-catenin의 상위 조절자인 LRP6와 DVL2의 knock down에 의한 adipogenesis 조절 유무를 분석하였으나 유의적인 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 발견되었다. 이는 ${\beta}$-catenin이 상위 조절자들의 영향을 받기 보다는 독립적인 기작으로 PPAR${\gamma}$, CEBP${\alpha}$의 mRNA, 단백질 발현의 조절함으로써 adipogenesis의 negative regulator의 기능을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 290명의 한국인을 대상으로 비만의 대표적인 표지인자인 혈중 중성지방 농도와 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도에 대한 ${\beta}$-catenin 유전자의 단일염기다형성(SNP)과의 연관성을 통계 분석해보았다. 그 결과 프로모터 부분에 위치한 4종류의 SNP 중에서 transcription개시 지점으로부터 -10,288위치에 존재하는 C>T polymorphism인 rs7630377이 유의하게 혈중 중성지방 농도와 연관성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 ${\beta}$-catenin이 세포 수준에서 뿐 아니라 인체에서도 지방축적에 유의적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the general personality profiles of patients who visited an oriental neuropsychiatric clinic and to investigate the specific profiles of patients diagnosed with Hwa-byung. Methods : We analyzed the profiles of 122 patients who completed TCI-RS questionnaire for the purpose of counseling. Patients were divided by sex, age and diagnosis related groups. Scales and subscales of each group were compared by an independent t-test and ANCOVA with SPSS windows 16.0. Types of temperament and character were classified by percentile ranks of the total patients and diagnosis related groups. Results : 1. Total patients were classified as the high harm avoidance type of temperament and of low self-directedness type of character. 2. Male patients showed significantly higher scores on NS, all subscales of NS, P2 and P3 than female patients. HA4 and C5 scores were significantly higher in the female group. Younger patients showed significantly higher scores on NS, all subscales of NS, HA1 and P3. However, older patients had significantly higher scores on SD4, SD5, ST2 and ST3. 3. Between diagnosis related groups, Hwa-byung group had significantly higher scores on RD, ST, SD3 and ST2. However P3 score of non-hwa-byung patients was higher than hwa-byung patients. In typical classification, both hwa-byung and non-hwa-byung groups were classified as the same types as total patients. Conclusions : This study showed that the patients visited an oriental neuropsychiatric clinic and had similar personality with that of general psychiatric disorders. Hwa-byung patients exhibited higher RD and ST scores than other disorders, but they had no typical differences.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2006

오염부하가 심한 서낙동강 수계에서의 농산물 안전생산 및 건전한 농업환경유지를 위하여 수계내 오염원 및 수질을 조사하고 이를 수질성분 분포도로 작성한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서낙동강 수계의 주오염원은 인구의 도시집중에 따른 생활하수 발생이 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있었으며 이는 호계천, 신어천의 수질악화 및 하수종말처리장 방류수로 인한 조만강 하류의 수질 중 T-N, T-P 증가에도 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 서낙동강 수계 수질의 또 다른 문제인 염농도는 갈수기에 급격히 증가하여 갈수기의 서낙동강 중 하류 및 하류에 연결된 지천인 조만강과 평강천의 EC는 농업용수로 사용하기 어려운 수준으로 증가하였다. 부산 강서구의 동계 시설재배밀집지에서 사용되는 농업용수 수질 또한 EC가 서낙동강 중류 이후부터 1.0 ds/m를 초과하고 T-N함량도 $4{\sim}8mg/L$의 높은 수준이었다. 2. 서낙동강 수계 지류 중 T-N 및 T-P의 유달부하량은 조만강이 지류전체 부하량의 각각 56%, 61%으로 가장 많았으며, 이는 조만강의 유량이 많았던 것에 기인하였다. 3. 서낙동강 수계 수질을 N과 EC성분분포를 기초로 로 서낙동강 수계 지류별수질 취약분포도를 작성한 결과, 신어천, 호계천 등은 적극적인 영양염류 저감대책이 수립되어야 할 지역으로 나타났으며, 서낙동강 중류 및 평강천 일원은 영양염류 및 염류장애 우려지역, 서낙동강 하류는 염류장애 대책지역으로 나타났다. 4. 수질현황 및 수질환경 관련 인자를 지리정보가 결합된 분포도로 표현하면 정보의 전달이 명료하면서도 그 자체로도 오염 개선기술 개발 필요지 구분과 같은 message를 전달할 수 있었고, 공간적 분포에 따른 수질변화를 오염원의 공간적 분포와 match시켜 이의 원인을 해석하고 그에 따른 대책을 수립하기 쉬운 장점이 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1234-1238
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• 2017

Objective: The vertebral number is associated with body length and carcass traits, which represents an economically important trait in farm animals. The variation of vertebral number has been observed in a few mammalian species. However, the variation of vertebral number and quantitative trait loci in sheep breeds have not been well addressed. Methods: In our investigation, the information including gender, age, carcass weight, carcass length and the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae from 624 China Kazakh sheep was collected. The effect of vertebral number variation on carcass weight and carcass length was estimated by general linear model. Further, the polymorphic sites of Vertnin (VRTN) gene were identified by sequencing, and the association of the genotype and vertebral number variation was analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance model. Results: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number in Kazakh sheep (18 to 20) was smaller than that in Texel sheep (17 to 21). The individuals with 19 thoracolumbar vertebrae (T13L6) were dominant in Kazakh sheep (79.2%). The association study showed that the numbers of thoracolumbar vertebrae were positively correlated with the carcass length and carcass weight, statistically significant with carcass length. To investigate the association of thoracolumbar vertebrae number with VRTN gene, we genotyped the VRTN gene. A total of 9 polymorphic sites were detected and only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs426367238) was suggested to associate with thoracic vertebral number statistically. Conclusion: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number positively associated with the carcass length and carcass weight, especially with the carcass length. VRTN gene polymorphism of the SNP (rs426367238) with significant effect on thoracic vertebral number could be as a candidate marker to further evaluate its role in influence of thoracolumbar vertebral number.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4215-4218
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• 2015

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is the first cause of cancer deaths in both sexes In Iranian population. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-one (IGF-1) levels have been associated for gastric cancer. IGF-1 protein has central roles involved in the regulation of epithelial cell growth, proliferation, transformation, apoptosis and metastasis. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IGF-1 regulatory elements may lead to alter in IGF-1expression level and GC susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IGF-1 gene polymorphism (rs5742612) on risk of GC and clinicopathological features for the first time in Iranian population. In total, 241 subjects including 100 patients with GC and 141 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with DNA from peripheral blood. The polymorphism was statistically analyzed to investigate the relationship with the risk of GC and clinicopathological properties. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association between rs5742612 and the risk of GC. In addition, no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features was observed (p value>0.05). The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 97%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, among the cases, and 97.9%, 2.1%, and 0%, respectively, among the controls. CC genotype was more frequent in cases and controls. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 98.9% and 1.1% in controls and 98.5% and 1.5% in patient respectively. Our results provide the first evidence that this variant is rare in Iranian population and it may not be a powerful genetic predisposing biomarker for prediction GC clinicopathological features in an Iranian population.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

Measurements of surface resistance ($R_s$) of high temperature superconductor (HTS) films with accuracy are essential for microwave applications of HTS materials. In using the dielectric resonator method, uncertainties in the unloaded quality factor of the resonator cause significant errors in the measured $R_s$ of HTS films. We compare the Rs values of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ films calculated from the $Q_0$ as determined from the Lorentzian fit with that from the $Q_0$ as determined from the S-parameter circle-fit at temperatures between 15 K and 77 K. The two sets of values appeared to differ by 5%, 7%, 6%, and 11% at temperatures of 15, 60, 70, and 77 K, respectively, from each other, implying that careful error analysis needs to be performed in obtaining the $R_s$ of HTS films by using the Lorentzian-fit method, with the ones determined from the S-parameter circle-fit used as the reference.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Poor wettability of denture relining materials may lead to retention problems and patient discomfort. PURPOSE. Purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate wettability of nine denture relining materials using contact angle measurements under air and water storage over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Nine denture relining materials were investigated in this study. Two heat-curing polymethyl-methacrylate(PMMA) denture base materials: Vertex RS, Lang, one self-curing polyethyl-methacrylate(PEMA) chairside reline resin: Rebase II, six silicone relining materials: Mucopren soft, Mucosoft, $Mollosil^{{R}}$ plus, Sofreliner Touch, GC $Reline^{TM}$ Ultrasoft, Silagum automix comfort were used in this experiment. Contact angles were measured using high-resolution drop shape analysis system(DSA 10-MK2, KRUESS, Germany) under three conditions(in air after setting, 1 hour water storage, and 24 hours water storage). Nine materials were classified into three groups according to material composition(Group 1: PMMA, Group 2: PEMA, Group 3: Silicone). Mean values of contact angles were compared using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, followed by a Scheffe's post hoc analysis($\alpha$=0.01). RESULTS. Contact angles of materials tested after air and water storage increased in the following order: Group 1(PMMA), Group 2(PEMA), Group 3(Silicone). Heat-cured acrylic denture base resins had more wettability than silicone relining materials. Lang had the highest wettability after 24 hours of water storage. Silicone relining materials had lower wettability due to their hydrophobicity. Wettability of all denture relining materials, except Rebase II and $Mollosil^{{R}}$ plus, increased after 24 hours of water storage. CONCLUSIONS. Conventional heat-cured resin showed the highest wettability, therefore, it can be suggested that heat-cured acrylic resin is material of choice for denture relining materials.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2019

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinoline, quinazolinones and indole are scaffolds of natural products and have broad biological effects. During the last years those structures have been intensively synthesized and modified to yield new synthetic molecules that can specifically inhibit the activity of dysregulated protein kinases in cancer cells. Herein, a series of newly synthesized isoquinolinamine (FX-1 to 8) and isoindoloquinazolinone (FX-9, FX-42, FX-43) compounds were evaluated in regards to their anti-leukemic potential on human B- and T- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Several biological effects were observed. B-ALL cells (SEM, RS4;11) were more sensitive against isoquinolinamine compounds than T-ALL cells (Jurkat, CEM). In SEM cells, metabolic activity decreased with $10{\mu}M$ up to 26.7% (FX-3), 25.2% (FX-7) and 14.5% (FX-8). The 3-(p-Tolyl) isoquinolin-1-amine FX-9 was the most effective agent against B- and T-ALL cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.54 to $1.94{\mu}M$. None of the tested compounds displayed hemolysis on erythrocytes or cytotoxicity against healthy leukocytes. Anti-proliferative effect of FX-9 was associated with changes in cell morphology and apoptosis induction. Further, influence of FX-9 on PI3K/AKT, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling was detected but was heterogeneous. Functional inhibition testing of 58 kinases revealed no specific inhibitory activity among cancer-related kinases. In conclusion, FX-9 displays significant antileukemic activity in B- and T-ALL cells and should be further evaluated in regards to the mechanisms of action. Further compounds of the current series might serve as templates for the design of new compounds and as basic structures for modification approaches.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 새로운 저전력 및 저면적 리드-솔로몬 (Reed-Solomon) 복호기를 제안한다. 제안하는 리드-솔로몬 복호기는 새로운 단순화된 수정 유클리드 알고리즘을 사용하여 낮은 하드웨어 복잡도 및 저전력 리드-솔로몬 복호가 가능하다. 새로운 단순화된 수정 유클리드 알고리즘은 하드웨어 복잡도를 줄이기 위해서 새로운 초기 조건 및 다항식 연산 방식을 사용한다. 따라서 3t개의 기본 셀로 구성된 새로운 단순화된 수정 유클리드 구조는 기존 수정 유클리드 구조는 물론 베르캠프-메세이 구조들에 비해 가장 낮은 하드웨어 복잡도를 갖는다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 삼성 라이브러리를 사용하여 논리합성을 수행한 리드-솔로몬 복호기는 370MHz의 동작 주파수 및 2.9Gbps의 데이터 처리 속도를 갖는다. (255, 239, 8) 리드-솔로몬 코드 복호를 수행하는 단순화된 수정 유클리드 구조와 전체 리드-솔로몬 복호기의 게이트 수는 각각 20,166개와 40,136개이다. 따라서 구현한 리드-솔로몬 복호기는 기존 DCME 복호기에 비해 5%의 게이트 수 절감 효과를 갖는다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.532-544
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• 2018

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In order to investigate a new treatment fot GIST, we hypothesized the effect of miR-374b targeting PTEN gene-mediated PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells. We obtained GIST tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 143 patients with GIST to measure the levels of miR-374b, PTEN, PI3K, Akt, caspase9, Bax, MMP2, MMP9, ki67, PCNA, P53 and cyclinD1. Finally, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected. According to the KFGG analysis of DEGs, PTEN was involved in a variety of signaling pathways and miRs were associated with cancer development. The results showed that MiR-374b was highly expressed, while PTEN was downregulated in the GIST tissues. The levels of miR-374b, PI3K, AKT and PTEN were related to tumor diameter and pathological stage. Additionally, miR-374b increased the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K, Akt, MMP2, MMP9, P53 and cyclinD1, suggesting that miR-374b activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in GIST-T1 cells. Moreover, MiR374b promoted cell viability, migration, invasion, and cell cycle entry, and inhibited apoptosis in GIST cells. Taken together, the results indicated that miR-374b promotes viability and inhibits apoptosis of human GIST cells by targeting PTEN gene through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, this study provides a new potential target for GIST treatment.