• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.185-188
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• 2015

We have investigated nuclear magnetic resonance of $^{23}Na$ nucleus in $NaMgCl_3$ single crystal in the temperature range 200 K~410 K using FT-NMR spectrometer. The spin-lattice relaxation times $T_1$ of $^{23}Na$ nucleus residing at cubic symmetry in the host crystal was measured as a function of temperature. The $T_1$ of $^{23}Na$ nucleus decreased with increasing temperature. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ of $^{23}Na$ in $NaMgCl_3$ single crystal was proportional to the temperature T. This behavior is explained with the characteristic feature of the direct process between the nuclear spins and single phonon, $1/T_1$ being proportional to the absolute temperature. The activation energy calculated was $E_a=4.82J/mol$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

The study on the migration of carbon in T23/T91 dissimilar metal welds for the boiler was conducted at $600^{\circ}C$ with an increase of aging time from 1 to 100 hrs. Following results were obtained. The heavily etched dark band tended to increase from a molten boundary owing to an increase of aging time, which leads to form hard (T91) and soft (T23) zones with different hardness. It was found that carbon was migrated from T23 area to T91 area due to different carbon activities. In addition, soft and hard zones were formed in regional area mainly resulted from carbide dissolutions and precipitates.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.613-622
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• 2017

IL-12 and IL-23 are closely related in structure, and have been shown to play crucial roles in regulation of immune responses. However, little is known about the regulation of these cytokines in T cells. Here, we investigated the roles of PI3K and MAPK pathways in IL-12 and IL-23 production in human Jurkat T cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii and LPS. IL-12 and IL-23 production was significantly increased in T cells after stimulation with T. gondii or LPS. T. gondii and LPS increased the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2 in T cells from 10 min post-stimulation, and peaked at 30-60 min. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway reduced IL-12 and IL-23 production in T. gondii-infected cells, but increased in LPS-stimulated cells. IL-12 and IL-23 production was significantly reduced by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors in T. gondii- and LPS-stimulated cells, but not in cells treated with a JNK1/2 inhibitor. Collectively, IL-12 and IL-23 production was positively regulated by PI3K and JNK1/2 in T. gondii-infected Jurkat cells, but negatively regulated in LPS-stimulated cells. And ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK positively regulated IL-12 and IL-23 production in Jurkat T cells. These data indicate that T. gondii and LPS induced IL-12 and IL-23 production in Jurkat T cells through the regulation of the PI3K and MAPK pathways; however, the mechanism underlying the stimulation of IL-12 and IL-23 production by T. gondii in Jurkat T cells is different from that of LPS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.385-398
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• 1997

The location and local arrangement of motor, sensory neurons within brain stem, nodose ganglia, spinal ganglia and sympathetic ganglia projecting to rat's kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25 were investigated by HRP immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP into left kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25. Following injection of WGA-HRP into left kidney, anterogradely labelled sensory neurons were founded within either nodose ganglia and spinal ganglia. The sensory neurons innervating rat's left kidney were observed within spinal ganglia $T_{7}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's left kidney were labelled within left suprarenal ganglia, either celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{1}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic chain ganglia were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_1$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were founded within spinal ganglia $T_{2}{\sim}L_2$. They were numerous in spinal in ganglia $T_{10}{\sim}T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were observed in suprarenal ganglia and greater splanchnic trunk, sympathetic chain ganglia from $T_1$ to $L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within spinal ganglia $T_{6}{\sim}T_{13}$. They were numerous in from T10 to $T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within greater splanchnic trunk and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{13}{\sim}L_1$. This results neuroanatomically imply that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating meridian point BL 23 and GB 25 were closely related that of innervating kidney.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2003

We have examined the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of Vibrio vulnificus KCTC 2959. ISRs were amplified by primers complementary to conserved regions of 16S and 23S rRNA genes. ISR amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the ISR sequences showed that V. vulnificus KCTC 2959 contains five types of polymorphic ISRs. Size of ISRs ranged from 424 to 741 bp in length and the number of tRNA genes ranged from one to four. The ISRs were designated as ISR-E $(tRNA^{Glu}),\;ISR-IA\;(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala})$, ISR-EKV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Val})$, ISR-IAV $(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{val})$ and ISR-EKAV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{Val})$ based on their tRNA genes. Multiple alignment of representative sequences from different Vibrio species revealed several domains of high sequence variability. We used the sequences of variable domains to design species-specific primer for detection PCR. Specificity of the primers was examined using genomic DNA prepared from 18 different Vibrio species. The results showed that the PCR using primers designed in this study can be used to detect V. vulnificus from other Vibrio species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

IL-23 and IL-12 are structurally similar and critical for the generation of efficient cellular immune responses. Toxoplasma gondii induces a strong cell-mediated immune response. However, little is known about IL-23 secretion profiles in T. gondii-infected immune cells in connection with IL-12. We compared the patterns of IL-23 and IL-12 production by THP-1 human monocytic cells in response to stimulation with live or heat-killed T. gondii tachyzoites, or with equivalent quantities of either T. gondii excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) or soluble tachyzoite antigen (STAg). IL-23 and IL-12 were significantly increased from 6 hr after stimulation with T. gondii antigens, and their secretions were increased with parasite dose-dependent manner. IL-23 concentrations were significantly higher than those of IL-12 at the same multiplicity of infection. IL-23 secretion induced by live parasites was significantly higher than that by heat-killed parasites, ESP, or STAg, whereas IL-12 secretion by live parasite was similar to those of ESP or STAg. However, the lowest levels of both cytokines were at stimulation with heat-killed parasites. These data indicate that IL-23 secretion patterns by stimulation with various kinds of T. gondii antigens at THP-1 monocytic cells are similar to those of IL-12, even though the levels of IL-23 induction were significantly higher than those of IL-12. The detailed kinetics induced by each T. gondii antigen were different from each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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• 2002.01a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2002

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.383-389
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate h-stability of the nonlinear differential systems using the notion of $t_{\infty}$-similarity.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.885-892
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• 2010

In this paper we study the structures and properties of a single cycle T-finction, whose theory has been lately proposed by Klimov and Shamir. Any cryptographic system based on T-functions may be insecure. Some of the TSC-series stream ciphers have been successfully attacked by some attacks. So it is important to analyze every aspect of a single cycle T-function. We study some properties on a single cycle T-function and we show some examples are single cycle T-functions by these properties, whose proof is easier than existing methods.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate some properties of T-fuzzy subhypernear-rings of a hypernear-ring.