• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2015

The thermodynamic properties and structural geometry of $KMgCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The initial mass loss occurs around 351 K ($=T_d$), which is interpreted as the onset of partial thermal decomposition. Phase transition temperatures were found at 435 K ($=T_{C1}$) and 481 K ($=T_{C2}$). The temperature dependences of the spin-lattice relaxation time $T_1$ for the $^1H$ nucleus changes abruptly near $T_{C1}$. These changes are associated with changes in the geometry of the arrangement of octahedral water molecules.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

목적: 상용화 된 superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles과 transfection agent (TA)의 최적의 병용 용량을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: Protamine sulfate (Pro), poly-L-lysin (PLL)과 ferumoxide, ferucarbotran을 다양한 농도에서 인체 중간엽 줄기세포에서 배양하여 세포 생존능을 알아보았다. 세포 철 섭취율은 정성적으로, 정량적으로 분석하였다. 결과: Ferumoxide 처리군의 생존능과 철 섭취율은 ferucarbotrn 처리군보다 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다 (p < 0.05). T2 이완시간은 ferumoxide 처리군에서 짧았다 (p < 0.05). 25 ${\mu}g$/ml ferumoxide와 3.0 ${\mu}g$/ml Pro 또는 PLL 병용군이 최적의 조건이었다. 결론: Ferumoxide 처리군의 세포 생존능과 철 섭취율은 ferucarbotrn 처리군보다 높았다. 25 ${\mu}g$/ml ferumoxide와 3.0 ${\mu}g$/ml TA는 줄기세포 표지에 적합하다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.64-67
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• 1992

To improve signal-to-noise ratio in sodium image, short echo time (2-3 ms) and long data acquisition (10-20 ms) protocols are used. Sodium in biological specimens demonstrates a bi-exponential decay of transverse magnetization and the fast decaying component of the sodium signal results in the reconstruction of images which are blurred significantly. The spatially-dependent nature of the blurs are due mainly to the presence of short local transverse relaxation values (0.7-3 ms) of sodium in tissue. We present an algorithm that corrects for object-dependent blurs due to fast-decaying T2 and improves the computational behavior of the algorithm by incorporating a relaxation parameter into the iterative process.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권2호
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• pp.365-378
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• 2020

목적 본 연구는 gadoxetic acid 조영증강 간 자기공명영상에서 T1 이완시간이 만성간질환을 가진 환자에서 간섬유화의 발견과 병기설정에 유용한지 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법 국소간병변이 의심되는 103명 환자들이 간 자기공명영상과 Fibroscan을 시행하였다. Fibroscan은 간섬유화의 정도를 분류하는 참조표준검사로 사용되었다. T1 이완시간은 조영제 주입 전(preT1)과 주입 20분 후(postT1), 그리고 이들 간의 T1 이완시간 감소율(rrT1)을 3 테슬라 자기공명영상의 횡단 3D VIBE 시퀀스 하에 측정하였다. Receiver operating characteristic (이하 ROC) 분석을 통해 간섬유화 병기설정을 위한 최적의 cut-off 값이 결정되었다. 결과 METAVIR score (F0-F4)에 따른 간섬유화 병기가 증가함에 따라, preT1과 postT1은 증가하였고, rrT1은 감소하였다. PreT1의 F2와 F3 사이(F2, 836.0 ± 74.7 ms; F3, 888.6 ± 77.5 ms, p < 0.05), postT1의 F3와 F4 사이(F3, 309.0 ± 80.2 ms; F4, 406.6 ± 147.7 ms, p < 0.05), 그리고 rrT1의 F3와 F4사이(F3, 65.4 ± 7.7%; F4 57.3 ± 11.4%, p < 0.05)에서 통계적 유의미한 차이를 보였다. ROC 분석은 preT1과 postT1의 병용검사가 간섬유화 병기설정에 있어 가장 유용한 검사라는 것을 보여준다. 결론 preT1과 postT1은 간섬유화 병기가 증가함에 따라 증가하며, T1 mapping이 gadoxetic acid 조영증강 간 자기공명영상에서 간섬유화 병기설정에 있어 유용한 보조적 시퀀스로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-88
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• 1995

The paper attempts to estimate the incubation time of a cavity in the interface between a power law creep particle and an elastic matrix subjected to a uniaxial stress. Since the power law creep particle is time dependent, the stresses in the interface relax. Through previous stress analysis related to the present physical model, the relaxation time is defined by ${\alpha}$2 which satisfies the equation $\Gamma$0 ｜1+${\alpha}$2k｜m=1-${\alpha}$2 [19]. $\Gamma$0=2(1/√3)1+m($\sigma$$\infty$/2${\mu}$)m($\sigma$0/$\sigma$$\infty$tm) where $\sigma$$\infty$ is an applied stress, ${\mu}$ is a shear modulus of a matrix, $\sigma$$\infty$ is a material constant of a power law particle, $\sigma$=$\sigma$0 $\varepsilon$ and t elapsed time. the volume free energy associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies caused by applied stress anddislocations piled up in interface (DPI). The energy due to DPI is found by modifying the results of Dundurs and Mura[20]. The volume free energies caused by both applied stress and DPI are a function of the cavity size(${\gamma}$) and elapsed time(t) and arise from stress relaxation in the interface. Critical radius ${\gamma}$ and incubation time t to maximize Helmholtz free energy is found in present analysis. Also, kinetics of cavity fourmation are investigated using the results obtained by Riede[16]. The incubation time is defied in the analysis as the time required to satisfy both the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Through the analysis it is found that [1] strain energy caused by the applied stress does not contribute significantly to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of a cavity formation, 2) in order to satisfy both thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, critical radius ${\gamma}$ decreases or holds constant with increase of time until the kinetic condition(eq.40) is satisfied. Therefore the cavity may not grow right after it is formed, as postulated by Harris[11], and Ishida and Mclean[12], 3) the effects of strain rate exponent (m), material constant $\sigma$0, volume fraction of the particle to matrix(f) and particle size on the incubation time are estimated using material constants of the copper as matrix.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2010

$^{13}C$ NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) measurements have been performed to investigate the local electronic structure of a superconducting graphite intercalation compound $CaC_6$ ($T_c$ = 11.4 K). A large number of single crystals were stacked and sealed in a quartz tube for naturally abundant $^{13}C$ NMR. The spectrum, Knight shift, linewidth, and spin-lattice relaxation time $T_1$ were measured in the normal state as a function of temperature down to 80 K at 8.0 T perpendicular to the c-axis. The $^{13}C$ NMR spectrum shows a single narrow peak with a very small Knight shift. The Knight shift and the linewidth of the $^{13}C$ NMR are temperature-independent around, respectively, +0.012% and 1.2 kHz. The spin-lattice relaxation rate, $1/T_1$, is proportional to temperature confirming a Korringa behavior as for non-magnetic metals. The Korringa product is measured to be $T_1T\;=\;210\;s{\cdot}K$. From this value, the Korringa ratio is deduced to be $\xi$ = 0.73, close to unity, which suggests that the independent-electron description works well for $CaC_6$, without complications arising from correlation and many-body effects.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2022

Purpose: In this study, we provide a way to assess even a slight effect of exercise on trunk-muscle activity. Materials and Methods: Seven healthy male participants (mean age, 24.7 ± 3.2 years; height, 171.2 ± 9.8 cm; and weight, 63.8 ± 11.9 kg) performed 15 sets of an exercise with 20 repetitions of 90° hip and right-knee flexion while lying supine. The exercise intensity was measured using the 10-point Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale after the first and 15th sets of exercises. Although cross-sectional areas and functional T2 mapping using ultrafast imaging (fast-acquired muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging, fast-mfMRI) have been proposed for imaging to evaluate exercise-induced muscle activity in real time, no previous studies have reported on the evaluation of trunk-muscle activity using functional T2 mapping. As a method for assessing trunk-muscle activity, we compared functional T2 mapping using ultrafast imaging (fast-mfMRI) with cross-sectional areas. Results: Although the muscle cross-sectional areas were increased by the exercise, there was no significant difference at rest. On the other hand, for all sets, the changes in T2 were significant compared with those at rest (P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that T2, calculated from fast-mfMRI images can be used to detect even a small amount of muscle activity induced by acute exercise, which was impossible to do with cross-sectional areas. Conclusion: Fast-mfMRI, which can also display functional information with detailed forms, enabled non-invasive real-time imaging for identifying and evaluating the degree of deep trunk-muscle activity induced by exercise.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.82-85
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• 1998

A portable HTS RF SQUID-based system, weighing less than 20 kg has been built for susceptometry applications in weak magnetic fields, It includes a YBCO sensor for measuring the axial magnetic field component with a resolution of about $7{\times}10^{-13} T/Hz^{1/2}.$ This is determined by the intrinsic magnetic noise in the quasi-white noise region. There is a relaxation for a sudden increase in field due to magnetic flux creep in HTS. In this instance the time did not exceed 3~5 minutes.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

자기공명 영상의 의학적 이용에서 T2이완시간의 화소별 영상화(T2 이완 영상)는 병변의 정량적 진단도구로서 제안된 바 있다. NMR의 물리/화학적 이용에서 T2 이완시간의 측정으로서 CPMG(Carr-Pucell-Meiboom-Gill) 펄스열이 가장 효과적으로 인정되고, 쓰이고 있으나, 선형자계를 가하는 MR 영상화 장비에서는 측정된 다른 TE의 영상들을 이용한 T2 이완시간의 영상화 자체에 대한 복잡한 계산을 영상기기에서 수행에 문제가 있고, 일반적으로 최대 4개의 CPMG 에코를 영상화하는 펄스열이 제공되어 있다. 좀더 정확한 T2 이완영상화를 위하여 적어도 8개의 다른 반향시간 TE를 가진 영상들을 필용로 하므로, MR 영상화 장비사에서 제공된 펄스열을 이용하면, 적어도 두번 이상의 영상화를 하여야한다. 이는 TR을 2500msec로 할 때 적어도 15분 정도의 시간이 걸리며, 이 동안 환자의 약간의 움직임, 특히 각 4개 단위의 영상화 사이에 움직임에 의한 임의적 잡음이 계산될 T2 영상에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이 연구에서는 시뮬레이션에 의하여 1, 5, 10% 의 이론적인 임의 잡음을 포함한 영상들을 이용하여 잡음이 T2 영상의 작성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 그리고 4개 에코 펄스열을 이용하여 세 번의 영상화로 12개의 영상을 얻고, 이들로부터 4개, 8개의 다른 TE를 가진 영상들을 선택하여 T2 영상을 계산하였다. 그리고 이 연구에서 개발된 8에코 CPMG펄스열로 한 번에 얻은 8개의 영상을 이용한 T2 이완 영상과 결과를 비교하였다. 잡음이 클수록 실제치보다 T2가 길었고, 8-에코 펄스열은 영상화하는 동안에 환자의 움직임을 줄여서 더 정확한 T2 이완 영상을 만들수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.849-852
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• 2009

The work describes EPR and 17O NMR measurements followed by theoretical calculation of the rotational correlation time $({\tau}_R)$, the water residence time $({\tau}_m)$, and the longitudinal electronic spin relaxation time $(T_{le})$(T_1e) for two new gadolinium complexes 1 and 2 of the type [$Gd(L)(H_2O)$] (L = tranexamic esters) in order to investigate their efficiency as a paramagnetic contrast agent (PCA). Of three correlation times, τR plays a major and predominant role to the unusually high relaxivity of 1 and 2 as compared with that of clinically approved MR CAs such as [$Gd(DTPA)(H_2O)]2‐ (Magnevist${\circledR}$), [Gd(DTPA-BMA)(H2O)] (Omniscan${\circledR}$), and $[Gd(DOTA)(H_2O)]^-$ (Dotarem${\circledR}$). The presence of bulky tranexamic ester in the ligand seems to be responsible for the conformational rigidity, which in turn causes such great an increase in ${\tau}_R$.