• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2013

A facultative bacterium producing cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes was isolated from the rumen of a native Korean goat. The bacterium was identified as a Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of biochemical and morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences, and has been designated Bacillus licheniformis JK7. Endoglucanase activities were higher than those of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and xylanase at all temperatures. Xylanase had the lowest activity among the three enzymes examined. The optimum temperature for the enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis JK7 was $70^{\circ}C$ for endoglucanase (0.75 U/ml) and $50^{\circ}C$ for ${\beta}$-glucosidase and xylanase (0.63 U/ml, 0.44 U/ml, respectively). All three enzymes were stable at a temperature range of 20 to $50^{\circ}C$. At $50^{\circ}C$, endoglucanse, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and xylanase had 90.29, 94.80, and 88.69% residual activity, respectively. The optimal pH for the three enzymes was 5.0, at which their activity was 1.46, 1.10, and 1.08 U/ml, respectively. The activity of all three enzymes was stable in the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. Endoglucanase activity was increased 113% by $K^+$, while $K^+$, $Zn^+$, and tween 20 enhanced ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Xylanase showed considerable activity even in presence of selected chemical additives, with the exception of $Mn^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The broad range of optimum temperatures (20 to $40^{\circ}C$) and the stability under acidic pH (4 to 6) suggest that the cellulolytic enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis JK7 may be good candidates for use in the biofuel industry.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.620-635
• /
• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 1993

Generally fatty liver is attributed either to chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, or obesity. Based upon this commonly held clinical brief, this study was conducted to investigate the contributing factors of fatty liver and odds ratio (OR) of known contributing factors. A sample of 310 male participants, who visited at Seoul Paik Automated Multiphasic Health Testing System from November 1991 to December 1991, was separated into 112 cases and 198 controls by ultrasonographic fin ding. There were statistically significant difference between fatty liver and normal in triglyceride (TG), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood sugar (FBS), alcohol consumption, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase ($\gamma$-GT), duration of alcohol intake and alkaline phosphatase (Alk.P)(P<0.01, P<0.05). The statistically significant elevated odds ratio were noted for TG (4.48, confidence interval (CI) 2.66-7.55, P=0.000), alcohol consumption(3.24, CI 1.56-6.23, P=0.002), BMI(3.05, CI 1.87-4.97, P=0.000), and FBS (2.59, CI 1.53-4.40, P=0,000). In summary, it is suggested that the fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding such deleterious factors as high fat diet, alcohol and obesity.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.86-95
• /
• 1996

본 연구에서는1축 회전판형 한외여과막 모듈의 순수 투과율 예측모델과 기름 에멀션의 분리 특성 및 투과율 예측모델을 유도하였다. 1축 RDM은 한외여과막(UOP사, 직경 0.22m)으로 제작된 회전판막을 장착하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 압력, 각속도($\omega$), 농도 변화에 따라 분리특성을 조사하였다. 회전판막의 각속도가 0에서 52.36rad/s로 증가할수록 회전판내 유체가 받는 원심력에 의한 압력 강하와 분리막 표면의 미끄럼 흐름에 의한 압력 강하로 순수 투과율은 최대 각속도에서 3.9% 감소하였다. 원심력과 미끄럼 흐름에 의한 압력 강하는 선속도(${\omega}r$)의 자승에 비례하였다. 회전판의 각속도가 52.36에서 2.62rad/s로 감소할 때 5% 절삭유의 투과율은 30.16% 감소하였고 농도가 낮을수록 막회전과 투과율에 미치는 영향은 적었다. 절삭유의 투과율(J; $kg/m^{2} \cdot s$)은 회전에 의한 압력 강하를 고려한 유효압력차($\Delta P_{T}$ ; Pa), 벌크농도($C_{B}$; %), 선속도($\omega$r; m/s) 등에 영향을 받으며 실험 결과에 저항 모델을 적용하여 다음과 같은 식을 유도하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 1994

연구배경 : 수면 무호흡증후군은 수면시 반복적인 무호흡이 발생하여 일련의 심폐계통의 변화가 초래되는 질환으로 이중 동맥혈 산소포화도(arterial oxygen saturation, 이하 $SaO_2$)의 감소와 심부정맥의 발생이 임상적으로 중요한 소견이다. 무호흡시 $SaO_2$의 감소양상은 환자마다 다양하며 이는 호흡정지 기간, 호흡정지시의 산소공급원인 폐용량 및 개체의 산소소모율에 따라 결정될 것으로 예상된다. 방법 : 호흡정지와 재개시에 수반되는 $SaO_2$ 및 심박수(heart rate, 이하 HR)의 변동양상을 관찰하고, 그 변동에 관련되는 생리학적 인자들을 알아보고자 정상 남자 8명 및 정상 여자 9명 등 총 17명을 대상을 폐용량 측정, 동맥혈 가스분석을 시행하고 Harris-Benedict 식에 의거한 기초대사율을 산출한 뒤 총폐용량(total lung capacity, 이하 TLC), 기능적 잔기량(functional residual capacity, 이하 FRC) 및 잔기량(residual volume, 이하 RV) 상태에서 호흡정지를 시킨 후, $SaO_2$의 변동과 심전도를 측정기록하였다. 결과 : 호흡정지시 $SaO_2$가 기저치로부터 2% 감소하는데 걸린 시간(T2%)은 TLC, FRC 및 RV 에서 각각 $70.1{\pm}14.2$초 $44.0{\pm}11.6$초 및 $33.2{\pm}11.1$초로 TLC보다는 FRC 에서(p<0.05), FRC보다는 RV에서(p<0.05) 유의하게 단축되었다. T2%까지 호흡정지한 뒤 호흡재개시 $SaO_2$의 추가 감소는 RV에서 $4.3{\pm}2.1%$로서, TLC의 $1.4{\pm}1.0%$나 FRC의 $1.9{\pm}1.4%$ 보다 감소량이 컸고(각각 p<0.05), 최저 $SaO_2$치에서 기저치로의 회복에 걸린 시간은 TLC, FRC 및 RV에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. T2%는 각각의 폐용량 혹은 기초대사율과 유의한 상관관계는 없었으나, TLC/BMR(r=0.693, p<0.001) 및 FRC/BMR(r=0.615, p<0.025)과는 각각 유의한 상관관계를 보였고, RV/BMR(r=0.027, p>0.05)과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 호흡정지와 재개의 전 과정에서 생긴 최대심박수와 최초심박수의 차이는 TLC에서 $27.5{\pm}9.2$회/분, FRC 에서 $19.1{\pm}6.0$회/분, RV에서 $26.4{\pm}14.0$회/분으로 FRC에서의 심박수 변화량이 TLC나 RV에서의 변화량보다 유의하게 적었고(각각 p<0.05), 기록상 호흡재개 시점을 전후한 5개씩의 p-p간격의 평균치는 TLC에서 $0.84{\pm}0.10$초와 $0.72{\pm}0.09$초(p<0.025), FRC에서 $0.82{\pm}0.11$초와 $0.73{\pm}0.09$초(p<0.025), RV에서 $0.77{\pm}0.09$초와 $0.72{\pm}0.09$초(p<0.05)로 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 정상인에서 FRC이상에서 호흡정지시 $SaO_2$의 감소속도는 폐용량/기초대사율과 밀접한 상관관계를 보이고, 호흡정지-재개의 과정에서 생기는 동성부정맥은 FRC상태가 제일 작고 미주신경활성도의 변화가 관여하는 것으로 추정되며, RV에서의 실험결과로 미루어 수면 무호흡증후군 환자들에서 체위, 혹은 복부비만에 기인하는 기능적 잔기량의 감소가 저산소혈증의 정도나 심부정맥의 발생에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하고, 수면시의 기능적잔기량을 증가시키는 것이 치료적 유용성이 있는지에 대한 검증도 필요하리라고 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 2016

U.S. cotton production is suffering from the yield loss caused by the reniform nematode (RN), Rotylenchulus reniformis. Management of this devastating pest is of utmost importance because, no upland cotton cultivar exhibits adequate resistance to RN. Nine populations of RN from distinct regions in Alabama and one population from Mississippi were studied and thirteen morphometric features were measured on 20 male and 20 female nematodes from each population. Highly correlated variables (positive) in female and male RN morphometric parameters were observed for body length (L) and distance of vulva from the lip region (V) (r = 0.7) and tail length (TL) and c' (r = 0.8), respectively. The first and second principal components for the female and male populations showed distinct clustering into three groups. These results show pattern of sub-groups within the RN populations in Alabama. A one-way ANOVA on female and male RN populations showed significant differences ($p{\leq}0.05$) among the variables. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 18S rRNA sequences (421) showed lengths of 653 bp. Sites within the aligned sequences were conserved (53%), parsimony-informative (17%), singletons (28%), and indels (2%), respectively. Neighbor-Joining analysis showed intra and inter-nematodal variations within the populations as clone sequences from different nematodes irrespective of the sex of nematode isolate clustered together. Morphologically, the three groups (I, II and III) could not be distinctly associated with the molecular data from the 18S rRNA sequences. The three groups may be identified as being non-geographically contiguous.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.493-506
• /
• 2002

Recently as the esthetic concerns about dental prosthesis have been increased, the nonmetallic post and core systems have been introduced clinically to improve the color and the low optical transmittance of conventional casting metal post and core systems. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the optical transmittance and the shade changes of all-ceramic crowns with two nonmetallic post and core systems. The experimental groups were classified as follows : Total 27 specimens(9 samples in each group) were evaluated. Group I : Natural teeth as a control group Group II : CosmoPost and $Empress^{(R)}$ core (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) Group III : $LIGHT-POST^{TM}$ and $LIGHT-CORE^{TM}$ (Bisco, U.S.A.) In all group, all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with the same shade of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ II (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) after abutment preparation, and then two kinds of spectrophotometers, UV 3101 PC (Shimadzu, Japan) and CM 503i (Minolta Co. Ltd. Japan), were used to measure the optical transmittance and the color value. The following results were obtained : 1. The optical transmittance of each group without all-ceramic crowns, was siginificantly decreased in order of Group III, I and II (p<0.05). 2. The optical transmittance of each group with all-ceramic crowns cemented, were siginificantly decreased in order of Group I, II and III (p<0.05). 3. In comparison with the shade of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups regardless of the cementation. 4. In comparison with the shade changes in each group after the cementation of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups. From the above results, it is thought that the selection among materials used in this study doesn't influence greatly the esthetic restoration, because the differences of optical transmittance were so small that those were clinically insignificant.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.92-103
• /
• 1995

This study was done for the purpose of investigating nursing students' health promotion behavior and health status and analyzing the relationship between health promotion behavior and health status. The subjects for this study were 249 nursing students obtained by a convenience sampleing from two Junior Colleges Located in Kangwon-do. The instruments used for this study were health promotion behavior scale developed by the researcher and modified Cornell Medical Index developed by Brodman, Erdmann, Lorge, Wolff & Broadbent. Data were collected from November 21 to December 10, 1994 by means of questionaire. The data were analyzed through the SPSS program by use of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows; 1) The subject's degree of health promotion behavior was about middle level 2) When the relationships between health promotion behavior and their general characteristics were explored, economic status, importance of health & perceived health status were revealed to have significant differences. 3) The subject's health status was at slightly high level, therefore viewed their health as slightly good. 4) When the relationships between health status and their general characteristics were explored, age and perceived health status were revealed to have significant differences. 5) In regard to the relationship between health promotion behavior and health status, psychological health status correlated positively with health promotion behavior (r=.193, p=0.002) ; physical health status correlated positively with psychological health status (r=0.493, p=0.000). But, physical health status did not show a significant correlation with health promotion behavior. In conclusion, it is important for late adolescents including nursing students to lay the foundation for chronic disease prevention by promoting and maintaining healthy lifestyles. Many of the leading causes of disease are preventable, through changes in lifestyle. The need to increase individual awareness of relationships between lifestyle and health and to enhance knowledge regarding the long-term effects of negative health behaviors, is an important nursing strategy for health promotion.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 1996

경남 단성의 대명광산 고령토의 전기영동에 의한 표면전위를 조사하였다. 고분자응집제, 수소이온 및 전해질의 농도변화에 따른 응집 정도를 알아보기 위하여 현탁상등액의 빛 투과율을 측정하였다. 수용액에서 고령토 미립자의 등전위점이 pH 3.2 부근으로 나타났으며, 등전위점 근처에서 최고의 응집효과가 나타났다. 고령토 미립자에 대한 Accofloc 고분자응집제의 응집효과는 음이온(A-110)<비이온(N-100)<양이온(C-482)순으로 높았으며, 4ppm 정도로도 충분한 효과를 나타냈다. 양이온 고분자응집제의 응집효과는 Superfloc(C-577)에 비하여 Accofloc(C-482)이 더 좋은 결과를 보였다. NaCl 만으로는 응집효과가 없었으나, 고분자응집제와 병용시에는 고분자응집제 만을 사용할 때보다 더 향상된 응집효과를 나타냈다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

돼지 말초혈액 다형핵 백혈구(polymorphonuclear cell; PMN)의 유주성에 있어서 conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) 이성체(CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA, 9c-11t CLA, 9c-11c CLA 및 9t-11t CLA)의 면역증강 효과를 검토하였다. PMN에 대한 유주성은 Boyden chamber 변법으로 측정하였다. CLA 이성체들을 고농도(50∼200μM)로 사용하였을 경우 말초혈액 단핵구 세포(mononuclear cell; MNC) 및 PMN의 cell viability가 감소되거나 세포가 사멸하였다. 따라서 cell viability가 높고 세포독성을 나타내지 않는 20μM 농도로 유주활성 실험을 하였다. CLA 이성체들은 돼지 말초혈액 PMN의 유주활성에 직접적인 효과는 없었다. CLA 이성체로 배양한 MNC의 배양상층액 중 CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA 및 9c-11t CLA 처리군에서는 PMN의 유주활성이 현저하게 증강되었으나 9c-11c CLA 및 9t-11t CLA로 배양한 MNC 배양상층액에서는 PMN의 유주활성이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 유주성 증강효과는 checkerboard assay를 실시한 결과 진성의 유주활성이었다. 유주성 인자인 porcine recombinant (pr) interleukin(IL)-8을 이용하여 돼지 PMN에 대한 유주성을 검토한 결과, pr IL-8에 의한 PMN의 유주활성은 CLA로 배양한 MNC 배양상층액에 의한 것과 동등한 활성을 보였다. 또한 CLA로 배양한 MNC 배양상층액의 PMN에 대한 유주성을 anti-pr IL-8pAb를 사용하여 중화반응을 실시한 결과, CLA mixture로 배양한 MNC 배양상층액에 의해 증가된 PMN의 유주활성은 anti-pr IL-8 pAb 첨가에 의해 억제되어, 본 유주활성은 MNC에서 분비되는 IL-8으로 인한 것임을 강하게 시사하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 CLA 중 CLA mixture, 10t-12c CLA 및 9c-11t CLA 이성체가 돼지 말초혈액 다형핵 백혈구의 유주활성에 증강효과를 가지고 있으며, 이러한 증강효과는 CLA로 자극된 MNC에 의해 생성되는 IL-8 인자에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다.