• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine whether the glucose loading method (GLM) is useful in the differentiation of cerebral gliomas by comparing it with fasting images. Materials and Methods The patients were 70 people diagnosed with cerebral gliomas, and the equipment was Discovery 710 (GE Healthcare, MI, USA). All patients fasted for more than 6 hours, and fasting images and GLM were performed under the same imaging conditions, and the examination interval was 1 to 14 days. GLM administered 250 ㎖ of 10% glucose solution prior to radiopharmaceutical injection. SUVmax of cerebral glioma and SUVmean of cerebral cortex were measured and then compared and analyzed by tumor-to-normal brain cortex ratio (TNR). Statistical analysis confirmed the difference between the two images with an independent-sample t-test. Results The averages of GLM and fasting TNR were 1.26 and 1.09, respectively, which were 15.6% higher in GLM. In low-grade, the difference in TNR was insignificant at 4%, but in high-grade, 23%, GLM was high. There was a statistically significant difference between the two images (P=0.008), but there was no statistically significant difference in TNR in the low grade (P=0.473), and there was a very significant difference in the high grade (P=0.005). Conclusion GLM increased TNR for cerebral gliomas. In particular, it was found that the TNR increased more in the high grade. Therefore, GLM is considered to be useful for the differentiation of high-grade gliomas.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2022

Background: Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, also known as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), is the main pathogen in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs, with a high mortality rate. Three subtypes (a, b, c) have been described based on VP2 residue 426, where 2a, 2b, and 2c have asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, respectively. Objectives: This study examined the presence of CPV-2 variants in the fecal samples of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus in Bogotá. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 54 puppies and young dogs (< 1 year) that tested positive for the CPV through rapid antigen test detection between 2014-2018. Molecular screening was developed for VP1 because primers 555 for VP2 do not amplify, it was necessary to design a primer set for VP2 amplification of 982 nt. All samples that were amplified were sequenced by Sanger. Phylogenetics and structural analysis was carried out, focusing on residue 426. Results: As a result 47 out of 54 samples tested positive for VP1 screening, and 34/47 samples tested positive for VP2 980 primers as subtype 2a (n = 30) or 2b (n = 4); subtype 2c was not detected. All VP2 sequences had the amino acid, T, at 440, and most Colombian sequences showed an S514A substitution, which in the structural modeling is located in an antigenic region, together with the 426 residue. Conclusions: The 2c variant was not detected, and these findings suggest that Colombian strains of CPV-2 might be under an antigenic drift.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2017

Multiple antenna techniques employed in fourth generation mobile communication systems are affected on their performance mostly by transmission environments and antenna configurations. The performance of the indoor LTE(Long-term Evolution) MIMO(multiple input multiple output) has been rigorously evaluated with considering various diversity transmission schemes and propagation conditions in the paper. Specifically, MAC TP(medium access control throughput) and LTE system parameters related to the MIMO technique are analyzed for several indoor propagation conditions. The performance comparison between multiple antenna diversity mode and single antenna mode has been derived as well. The results performed in the paper give the guideline on antenna configurations of polarization diversity in LTE 2×2 MIMO for various indoor channel environments, and possibly are exploited by network operators and antenna manufacturers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.52.1-52.11
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of low and moderate concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) loaded into a hydrogel system on crown discoloration and explored whether application of an adhesive bonding agent prevented crown discoloration. Materials and Methods: Intact human molars (n = 160) were horizontally sectioned 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were randomized into 8 experimental groups (calcium hydroxide, Ca[OH]₂; 1, 10, and 1,000 mg/mL TAP and DAP; and no medicament. The pulp chambers in half of the samples were coated with an adhesive bonding agent before receiving the intracanal medicament. Color changes (ΔE) were detected by spectrophotometry after 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks, and after 5,000 thermal cycles, with ΔE = 3.7 as a perceptible threshold. The 1-sample t-test was used to determine the significance of color changes relative to 3.7. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, adhesive, and time on color change, and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Ca(OH)₂ and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP did not cause clinically perceivable tooth discoloration. Adhesive agent use significantly decreased tooth discoloration in the 1,000 mg/mL TAP group up to 4 weeks. However, adhesive use did not significantly improve coronal discoloration after thermocycling when 1,000 mg/mL TAP was used. Conclusions: Ca(OH)₂ and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP showed no clinical discoloration. Using an adhesive significantly improved coronal discoloration up to 4 weeks with 1,000 mg/mL TAP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2021

우리나라는 최근 도시화 및 산업화 등과 같은 유역개발이 가속화되면서 유역환경의 급격한 변화를 가져왔다. 도시화는 지표면의 불투수 면적을 증가시키고, 농업지역의 확대는 비료 및 농약의 사용을 증가시키고, 강우시 토양침식에 따른 흙탕물과 비점오염원의 수계 유출로 인해 수질악화 등의 문제를 야기시킨다. 이와 같은 유역환경의 변화는 수질에 직접적인 영향을 끼치므로, 미래 토지이용의 변화에 따른 하천유역의 유출특성과 영향 인자를 규명해야 효율적인 하천유역관리를 할 수 있다. 하지만 우리나라는 기후적 특성상 계절에 따른 수질 및 기후변수의 편차가 크기 때문에 하천유역관리에 있어 어려움이 많다. 특히 남한강 유역은 산림 및 고랭지밭 비중이 높은 지역이며, 여름철에는 강우로인한 토양침식이 심각하여 수질 및 수생태계 건강성을 악화시킨다. 남한강 상류 유역에는 송천과 도암호, 골지천과 같은 비점오염관리지역이 위치하고 있으며 현재까지도 하천유역관리가 어려운 지역에 해당한다. 본 연구는 남한강 유역에 위치한 17개 수질측정망을 대상으로 GIS시스템을 이용해 17개의 소권역으로 나누어 분석하였다. 토지이용자료는 환경공간정보 서비스의 2010년대 말 자료를 이용하였으며, 수질 자료는 유역환경 변화에 영향을 미칠 것이라 판단되는 수질 변수를 선별하여 10년동안의 장기간 수질 데이터를 이용하여 분석하였다. 16개의 수질변수는 정규성을 검증한 후 pairwisse t-test를 이용한 시기별 수질의 차이를 비교하였으며, 수질변수들과 토지이용매개변수 간에 상관관계를 찾아 유의관계가 있는지 확인함으로써 서로 다른 변수간에 상관성을 파악하고자 하였다. 유역의 특성별 상관도를 평가하고 해석하기 위하여 주성분 분석(Principal component analysis, PCA)을 실시하였다. 통계적 방법을 통해 시기에 따른 수질과 토지이용간의 관계를 밝힘으로써 미래하천유역관리에 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.702-710
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the competing values leadership of restaurant general managers and to investigate the impact of their competing values leadership on employee job satisfaction and turnover intention. A sample of full-time restaurant employees (n=360, 36% response) completed an e-mail survey. The results showed that among the eight sub-dimensions of competing values leadership roles, the monitor (4.04), producer (4.01), and director (3.99) roles were perceived as the most frequently used leadership styles of managers compared to broker (3.78), innovator (3.83), and mentor (3.91) roles (p <0.001). Additional T-test results suggested that an employees' gender had an influence on how he/she perceived the leadership style of their manager. Male employees were more likely to perceive that the director and mentor roles (4.19) were performed very well by their managers, while female employees perceived that their managers concentrated more on monitor (3.98) and producer (3.96) roles rather than on broker (3.73) and innovator (3.79) roles (p<0.05). It was found that manager competing values leadership had a significant correlation with employee job satisfaction, and the mentor, coordinator, and innovator manager roles explained the relationship with 42.1% based on multiple regression analysis (p<0.001). In further findings, the manager competing values leadership roles had an effect on employee turnover intention. The results of the data were as follows: mentor and facilitator roles promoted a decrease in employee turnover intention and the director role caused employee turnover intention to increase. Ultimately, this study will be useful for restaurant managers to guide the application of appropriate competing values leadership roles in order to strengthen employee job satisfaction and to reduce turnover intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2022

Sea anchor for fishery is commonly used in jigging fishery and purse seine. The study of sea anchor was studied for improvement of opening efficiency and drag by changing the type of shape and the diameter of vent. However, standard specification of sea anchor is not set and has not been studied for underwater stability. Therefore, this study aimed to improve underwater stability of sea anchor by changing a vent diameter and weight of sinker. The experiment was conducted in flume water tank. The experiment model of sea anchor was made from actual model of sea anchor which is used in fishery by similarity law. The model of sea anchor was designed to different types of vent diameter and weight of sinker in different current speed. The value of movement of side to side (X-axis), drag of sea anchor (Y-axis) and movement of up and down (Z-axis) was measured for 30 seconds. Each value of X, Y, Z-axis was analyzed through t-test and ANOVA analysis to verify that each value had a significant difference according to the difference compositions. There was correlation between the movement of X-axis and Z-axis. The drag of sea anchor was stronger as the current speed increased. However, the larger the vent diameter, the weaker the drag. From the result of the standard deviation, the movement of X-axis was inversely proportional to the vent diameter. However, movement of Z-axis was larger as the weight of sinker was the heaviest or lightest from the result of the standard deviation. These results suggest that the sea anchor should be combined with proper size of the vent diameter and the weight of sinker to improve the stability.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Assessment of the compressive strength of concrete plays a major role during formwork removal and in the prestressing process. In concrete, temperature changes occur due to hydration which is an influencing factor that decides the compressive strength of concrete. Many methods are available to find the compressive strength of concrete, but the maturity method has the advantage of prognosticating strength without destruction. The temperature-time factor is found using a LM35 temperature sensor through the IoT technique. An experimental investigation was carried out with 56 concrete cubes, where 35 cubes were for obtaining the compressive strength of concrete using a universal testing machine while 21 concrete cubes monitored concrete's temperature by embedding a temperature sensor in each grade of M25, M30, M35, and M40 concrete. The mathematical prediction model equation was developed based on the temperature-time factor during the early age compressive strength on the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 7^th days in the M25, M30, M35, and M40 grades of concrete with their temperature. The 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day's compressive strength was predicted with the mathematical predicted equation and compared with conventional results which fall within a 2% difference. The compressive strength of concrete at any desired age (day) before reaching 28 days results in the discovery of the prediction coefficient. Comparative analysis of the results found by the predicted mathematical model show that, it was very close to the results of the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2023

In this study, the difference in human body dimensions between the age groups of Generation M (27 to 39 years old) and Generation Z (20 to 26 years old) was analyzed. This study also analyzed if there was a change in the body shape of the MZ generation, who have different sensibilities from the "young people" of the past. In addition, major changes in human body dimensions were carefully analyzed and presented as basic data for clothing design. Therefore, a t-test was performed to verify the significant differences in the measurements of each age group. To examine the change in human body measurements according to the measurement year, the 7th and 8th size Korea data statistics were analyzed. The main required dimensions of clothing design were analyzed graphically for visual changes according to measurement year and age group. As a result of the analysis, Generation Z was found to have a difference in body shape from Generation M, and is generally smaller and slimmer with broader shoulders. In addition, the body shape change between the 7th and 8th measurement periods was significantly higher than the 8th measurement overall. Height has increased and back length has become shorter, resulting in a larger ratio of lower body length. In addition, the proportion of obesity abnormalities has increased. Therefore, since the dimensional system set from the past data can cause problems for the fitting of clothing for the MZ generation, it is necessary to design the clothing and reset the dimensional system making it suitable for the changed the body shape of the MZ generation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study investigated the immediate effects of gluteus medius strengthening training and relaxation therapy on the static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception. METHODS: In this research, 38 healthy adults were assigned randomly to strengthening groups (SG) and relaxation groups (RG). The static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception were measured as a pre-measurement. The same measurements were performed after the intervention and follow-up. An independent sample t-test was used to compare each group, and one-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the changes within the group. RESULTS: In the static balance, the comparison between groups SG was more significant than RG, and only SG showed significant differences in the intra-group comparisons. There was no significant difference in muscle strength asymmetry between SG and RG. On the other hand, the comparison within the group revealed only SG to be significant. In proprioception, SG produced more significant results than RG, and only SG had significant values in the within-group comparison. CONCLUSION: Strengthening training affects the changes in static balance, muscle strength asymmetry, and proprioception.