• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

Objective : Creating a psychologically stable indoor environment is a significant factor in modern life. This study was conducted to confirm which type of wood interior decorating environment was beneficial for improving depression and anxiety. Methods : A total of 59 participants will randomly assign to each accommodation by dividing the rest of the three setting with the same structure with 0% wood interior decorating environment, 45% wood environment, and 90% wood environment. The Psychological evaluation measured at three time points, was before exposure to the wood environment (T1), 45 minutes after exposure to the wood environment (T2), and 20 hours after exposure to the wood environment (T3). Results : As a result of examining the effect of the wood interior use ratio on psychological variables, After about 20 hours (T3), there were significant differences in mood state_vigor-activity(𝛘²=7.253, p<0.05), mood state_tension-anxiety (𝛘²=7.041, p<0.05), mood state_anger-hostility(𝛘²=8.318, p<0.05), and state anxiety (𝛘²=7.680, p<0.05). State anxiety also showed a significant difference in T2 (𝛘²=8.811, p<.05). As a result of analyzing the effect on satisfaction and subjective impression, there was a significant difference in satisfaction (𝛘²=6.300, p<0.05) and 'pleasant (𝛘²=6.930, p<0.05), airy (𝛘²=6.628, p<0.05), masculine (𝛘²=6.906, p<0.05), ordinary(𝛘²=6.662, p<0.05), natural (𝛘²=13.924, p<0.001), calm (𝛘²=13.106, p<0.001), safe (𝛘²=7.755, p<0.05)'. Conclusion : The wood interior decorating environment had a positive effect on anxiety and mood, such as lowering depressive and anxious mood and increasing positive changes and as the ratio of wood decoration increased, it had a greater positive effect on emotions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

조기 초관폐쇄성(rapid canopy closure, RCC) 또한 벼의 유전적인 잠재수량성을 향상시킬 수 있는 생리적 특성 중 하나이다. EGV(early growth vigor)가 상이한 22개 품종을 선정하여 EGV와 초관의 조기폐쇄성(RCC)과의 관계, RCC와 생육 및 수량간의 관계를 평가하고자 포장실험(이앙재배)을 실시하였다. 초관이 폐쇄되기 전의 생장은 $y\;=\;{\alpha}{\cdot}{\exp}({\beta}{\cdot}t)$와 같은 지수생장함수로 표현되는데, y는 엽면적지수(LAI) 또는 지상부건물중(DW)이고, t는 적산온도이며, $\alpha$는 지수생장초기의 LAI나 DW 값이고, $\beta$는 지수생장이 일어나는 시기의 LAI 또는 DW의 상대생장률(relative growth rate, RGR; $^{\circ}C^{-1}$)이다. 1. 벼의 지수생장 초기단계에는 품종의 LAI나 DW가 $\alpha$와 높은 정의 상관이 있었고 또한 종자 무게(천립중)와 정의 상관이 있어 종자무게에 의하여 생육이 크게 영향을 받았으며, 그 후의 시기는 품종의 LAI 및 DW가 $\beta$와 높은 상관을 보였다. 2. $\alpha$와 $\beta$는 모두 품종간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 3. $\beta$는 단위면적당 영화수 및 수량과 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. 4. 결론적으로 EGV 및 RCC는 상호 밀접한 관련이 있고, EGV가 크면, RCC도 커서 수량에 정의 방향으로 영향을 하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2014

The principle purpose of this research is to figure out whether the inhalation of Wood Essential oil (Chamaecyparis obtusa) affect not only human beings' concentration for surroundings but also change as to status of feelings. total number of subjects for this experimental are determined to be 66 (men 44 and women 22) among 85 adults who agreed to participate in this experiment after excluding 19 participants who were not able to smell scent due to flu and nasal inflammation. After both experimental group and control group being measured referring to their status of mood such as concentration, depression, vigor, fatigue, confusion, tension and anger, the experimental group is offered to get a piece of cotton that includes Wood Essential oil and they are asked to inhale it for 5 min. On the other hand, control group is offered to wait for the experimental group finishing inhaling wood Essential oil for 5 min. After 5 min, the status of mood from both groups were measured again. simultaneously, I conducted a survey targeting experimental group to see what their preferences are like regarding scent of wood essential oil. The experiment shows that the status of experimental group's concentration is improved about 0.94 point when compared to control group's. Moreover, Total mood disturbance is lower than control group's. Therefore it is proved that the inhalation of wood Essential oil alleviates overall status of mood. according to the analyses result of favor to scent for wood essential oil from experimental group, some of them who were positive got much better improvement when it comes to concentration and far more relieved on their feelings than those who weren't. Based from this result, it is definitely confirmed that there is a Phytoncide's psychophysiological effect which transcends the Placebo Effect generated by Phytoncide's positive image.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-71
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• 1997

Across sectional study was performed to evaluate the chronic effects on central nerve system(CNS) of cumulative exposure of complex organic solvents, using neurobehavioral test. Subjects were 66 (male) dock yard painters of some large ship industry which is located in Ulsan. The neurobehavioral test battery used in this study was NCTB (Neurabehavioral Core Test Battery recommended by WHO(World Health Organization), which consisted of 7 items-Profile of mood states (POMS), Simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test. Digit span, Digit symbol, Benton visual retention test and Pursuit aiming. The subjects were classified by 3 groups according to duration of employment(group 1 ; less than 9 years, group 2 ; 10-14 years, group 3 ; more than 15 years). The results of performance were analyzed considering of work duration, age, educational level, alcohol drinking, smoking and testing time as confounding factors. Benton visual retention test, pursuit aiming correct dot and sum of dot showed significant differences among the groups, and decreased with increasing work duration. It indicated that the mean scores of performance ability were lowering according to work duration. Besides, the tests that didn't show statistical significances but showed linear trends were depression-dejection, vigor, fatigue of POMS, slowest time of simple reaction time and digit span forward. Most of the neurobehavioral test items were correlated with age and educational level. After controlling of confounding factors-age and educational level, the results followed ; digit span backward was different significantly. Tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility of POMS, SD and slowest time of simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test non-preferred hand, digit span forward, Benton visual retention test and pursuit aiming correct dot decreased with increasing of work duration. The correlation analysis was done in order to find out the relationship between subjective symptom and the scores of neurobehavioral core test battery. According to the results of analysis there were no items that had statistical significant relationship(p<0.05).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

본 연구는 개 동결 정액 융해 시 straw 크기 및 융해 속도가 융해 정자의 질(quality)에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 최적의 융해 조건을 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 정상적인 번식능을 가진 비글 수컷 5마리에서 정액을 채취하여 원심 분리하여 정장을 버리고 남은 정자에 동결보호제인 glycerol이 첨가된 tris-glucose-egg yolk extender를 첨가하여 동결하고 액체질소에 보관한 후 융해하였다. 동결 융해 조건에 따른 효과를 알아보기 위해 straw는 0.25 ml과 0.5 ml크기를 사용하였고 융해 조건은 $75^{\circ}C$에 10초, $55^{\circ}C$에 12초 및 $37^{\circ}C$에서 120초로 하여 융해 후 정자의 활력도(vigor), 운동성(motility), Hypo-osmotic test(HOS test)를 이용한 생존성(viability) 및 $SperMac^{\circledR}$ 염색을 하여 정자의 membrane integrity를 비교 조사하였다. 조사 결과 0.5 ml 크기의 straw를 사용한 경우 $37^{\circ}C$ 융해가 $55^{\circ}C,\;75^{\circ}C$ 융해보다, 0.25 ml 크기의 straw를 사용한 경우에는 $37^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C$ 융해가 $75^{\circ}C$ 융해보다 유의적으로 높은 활력 지수 및 생존성을 보였다(P<0.05). Straw크기에 따라 비교하였을 경우 0.5 ml 군에서 유의적으로 높은 활력도, 생존성 및 membrane integrity를 보였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 개 정액이 동결 및 융해 시 0.5ml straw를 이용하여 동결한 후 $37^{\circ}C$에서 120초 동안 융해하는 것이 최적의 조건임이 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.716-726
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hand reflexology on the physiological.emotional responses and immunity of the patients with chronic illness. This study looked specifically at patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and cancer patients. Method: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre and post test. Subjects were 54 patients who received dialysis and chemotherapy in one hospital. Thirty-one patients were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. The hand reflexology was applied to both hands of the experiment group for ten minutes each time, 5 times during three days. For data collection, physiological lab levels, immune cells of blood and questionnaires for emotional responses were measured before and after the program. Result: BT of the experiment group was decreased significantly on both of the 1st and the 5th application. PR & BP were decreased significantly on the 1st times, but not 5th times. Hb levels of the experimental group were significantly increased. And emotional responses, vigor and mood scores of the experiment group were significantly increased. B cell & CD19 were increased significantly on the experiment group. Suppressor T cell and NK cell showed significant decrease after the program, but no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: We have found that the hand reflexology helps the chronic patients to improve physiological.emotional responses and the immune reaction. Through this result, the hand reflexology is effective as a intervention of psychoneuroimmunologic function.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of watching a virtual reality (VR) forest video on stress reduction in adults. Experiments were performed in an artificial climate chamber where temperature, humidity and illumination were controlled. To cause stress in subjects, the subjects were asked to multiply two digit numbers by one digit numbers for two minutes. The subjects then watched a VR forest video for five minutes. During the experiment, the heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) of subjects were continuously measured for evaluating their physiological state. After measuring the baseline and watching a VR forest video, their psychological state was evaluated using the profile of mood state (POMS), semantic differential (SD) method, and positive affect and negative affect schedule (PANAS). The results of physiological evaluation after watching a VR forest video showed a decrease in the stress index and HR, an increase in the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, and the standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN). The results of psychological assessment confirmed that watching a VR forest video induced "comfort", "natural", and "soothed" feelings in subjects. In addition, watching a VR forest video decreased "tension-anxiety (T-A)", "depression-dejection (D)", "anger-hostility (A-H)", "fatigue (F)", "total mood disturbance (TMD)", and increased "vigor (V)" compared to the base line, and decreased "negative affect" and increased "positive affect." These results indicate that watching a VR forest video decreases adults' stress index, stabilizes physiological state, and has a positive impact on psychological state. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for providing forest welfare services to people in the blind spots of forest welfare, and can lay a foundation for the adoption of VR, one of the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in forestry.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2008

홍화의 생장해석을 위하여 3월 1일, 4월 1일, 5월 1일 및 7월 1일에 파종한 홍화의 생육상황과 생장분석에 관한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가. 홍화의 발아기간은 저온기 3월 1일 파종에서 발아까지의 소요기간은 24일이었으며, 4월 1일은 8일이었고 고온기로 갈수록 빨라졌다. 나. 개화소요일수도 3월 1일 파종에서는 104일, 4월 1일에서는 79일, 5월 1일과 7월 1일 고온기 파종에서는 각각 65일과 58일로 단축되었으며 파종기별 생육은 3월 1일에 조기 파종한 것이 가장 좋았다. 다. T/R(Top/Root ratio)율은 줄기 신장기부터 수확기까지 완만하게 증가하였으며 7월 1일 파종은 전반적으로 3월 1일파종과 4월 1일 파종에 비하여 T/R율이 낮았다. 라. RGR(Relative Growth Rate)은 줄기가 신장하는 시기에 가장 높았고 개화기 이후는 급격히 생장량이 둔화되었다. 마. CGR(Crop Growth Rate)은 분지시기에 증가하다가 개화직전에 증가속도가 다소 떨어졌으며 개화기에 다시 증가하여 가장 높았다가 그 이후는 둔화되었다. 바. NAR(Net Assimilation Rate)은 줄기신장기에 가장 높았으며 3월 1일에 조기 파종한 것이 가장 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2009

당근 펠렛종자의 적정 건조조건과 종자활력을 유지시킬 수 있는 저장조건을 구명하기 위하여 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 펠렛전 피복재료의 함수율은 4.9% (FW basis)였으나, 펠렛을 제조한 후에는 접착제를 흡수하여 함수율이 24%로 증가되었다. 이들 종자를 $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$ 및 $45^{\circ}C$에서 건조시키면 3시간 이후에 펠렛전의 함수율과 동일한 5% 수준으로 건조되었다. 무처리 종자와 펠렛종자간 발아율에는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 펠렛 후 건조온도와 기간에 따른 발아율에도 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 펠렛종자는 무펠렛 종자에 비해 $T_{50}$은 약 3일 정도 지연되었다. 펠렛종자를 고온인 $45^{\circ}C$에서 건조시간을 연장시키면 동일기간의 $25^{\circ}C$나 $35^{\circ}C$의 건조에 비해 발아속도가 지연되었다. 산업화를 위한 대량 건조시에 적용될 수 있는 적정 건조조건은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 건조였다. 펠렛종자를 실온 저장하면 종자수명이 저하되었으나, $5^{\circ}C$ 저장은 퇴화속도가 완만하였다. 펠렛종자의 활력을 유지시킬 수 있는 적정 저장온도는 $5^{\circ}C$였다. 펠렛종자를 실온에서 4개월 저장하면 저장 전에 비해 묘출현율이 14% 감소되었다. 그러나 $5^{\circ}C$에 저장된 펠렛종자는 묘출현율 감소는 6%에 불과하였다. $5^{\circ}C$에 저장된 펠렛종자는 무처리에 비해 $E_{50}$이 2일 정도 지연되었으나, 35일 생육 후의 건물중은 무처리와 큰 차이가 없다.