• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2019

The genus Cenchrus (Poaceae), containing ca. 23 species, is distributed throughout Australia, Africa, Indian sub-continent, and America. In Korea, Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald, especially introduced to Daecheong Island in 1999, is one of the most hazardous invasive plant which causes serious environmental threats, biodiversity damages and physically negative impact on humans and animals. Based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we characterized the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of C. longispinus which contains a large single copy (LSC; 80,223 bp), a small single copy (SSC; 12,449 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). Additionally, we analyzed the cp genome sequences of Cenchrus echinatus L. which contains a large single copy (LSC; 80,220 bp), a small single copy (SSC; 12,439 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). These cp genomes consist of 75 unique genes, 4 rRNA coding genes, 33 tRNA coding genes and 21 duplicated in the IR regions, of which the gene content and organization are similar to the other Poaceae cp genomes. We selected 40 potential regions in cp genomes of two Cenchrus species and one Korean Pennisetum species to develop new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for identifying C. longispinus based on amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique. The markers, inferred from SNP in matK and ndhF genes, show effectiveness to recognize C. longispinus from C. echinatus and Korean native species Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.150-161
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of build orientations and density of support structures on the trueness of the 3D printed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A maxillary Kennedy class III and mandibular class I casts were 3D scanned and used to design and produce two 3D virtual models of RPD frameworks. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, 47 RPD frameworks were fabricated at 3 different build orientations (100, 135 and 150-degree angles) and 2 support structure densities. All frameworks were scanned and 3D compared to the original virtual RPD models by metrology software to check 3D deviations quantitatively and qualitatively. The accuracy data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA for build orientation comparison and independent sample t-test for structure density comparison at (α = .05). Points study analysis targeting RPD components and representative color maps were also studied. RESULTS. The build orientation of 135-degree angle of the maxillary frameworks showed the lowest deviation at the clasp arms of tooth 26 of the 135-degree angle group. The mandibular frameworks with 150-degree angle build orientation showed the least deviation at the rest on tooth 44 and the arm of the I-bar clasp of tooth 45. No significant difference was seen between different support structure densities. CONCLUSION. Build orientation had an influence on the accuracy of the frameworks, especially at a 135-degree angle of maxillary design and 150-degree of mandibular design. The difference in the support's density structure revealed no considerable effect on the accuracy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.9-12
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• 2014

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a skin problem that causes dry skin, intense itching, and then a red, raised rash. It may be a long-lasting (chronic) skin problem that requires more than one treatment. The cause of atopic dermatitis isn't clear, but it affects the skin's ability to hold moisture. The skin becomes dry, itchy, and easily irritated. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on atopic dermatitis. Methods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Cheonggisanbyeonbang), acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy. At the same time, the patient sweated out the skin poison. We treated him two times a week with oriental therapy method. He took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let him avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. We took a picture the patient's body parts and compared the symptom with previous symptom. With the picture, we evaluated the patient's condition. Results : After taking treatment - 17 times' acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy during 4 months- and taking herbal-medicine, the skin condition of the patient was much improved. At first, he was troubled with itching and hot feeling at reddish area, time after time the itching and hot feeling was weakened. The reddish area was changed to dry condition and changed to normal state. In advance, the symptom of arms was improved, and later the symptom of legs was started to improve. Conclusion : Herbal medicine (Cheonggisanbyeonbang) was an effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and it helped to improve regenerating the skin in the body.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out which shoulder abduction angle among the three representative angles of lower trapezius strengthening exercises most effectively improves rounded shoulder posture. Methods : Thirty-one people with rounded shoulders, the subjects of this study, were selected. With the use of a random number table, group A was randomly assigned to a Y-type exercise, group B to a T-type exercise, and group C to an MPC exercise. In the prone position, both arms are abducted at the angles suggested for each group (145 °, 90 °, and 45 °, respectively), and the hands are holding dumbbells to assume a functional posture. With the start signal, the thumb raised the arm to the sky and the arm is raised to the level of the ear for 10 seconds and then returned to the original position. Each week, the strength required was increased by changing the resistance weight, number of times, and set, and the exercise was performed three times a week for a total of four weeks. Results : There was a significant difference in the change in shoulder height of each group after four weeks of exercise in comparison to the amount of change in height before and after exercise in all groups (p<.05). However, no significant difference was observed between all groups in the change in muscle activity of the lower trapezius muscle in each group following four weeks of exercise (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the three lower trapezius strengthening exercises have a positive effect on the improvement of rounded shoulders. In consideration of these results, it is therefore proposed that the various lower trapezius strengthening exercises be applied in parallel during physical therapy for patients with rounded shoulders in clinical practice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.947-955
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• 2022

Silkworms, which have recently shown promise as functional health foods, show functional differences between varieties; therefore, the need for variety identification is emerging. In this study, we analyzed the whole silkworm genome to identify 10 unique silkworm varieties (Baekhwang, Baekok, Daebaek, Daebak, Daehwang, Goldensilk, Hansaeng, Joohwang, Kumkang, and Kumok) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the genome as biomarkers. In addition, nine SNPs were selected to discriminate between varieties by selecting SNPs specific to each variety. We subsequently created a decision tree capable of cross-verifying each variety and classifying the varieties through sequential analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for SNP867 and SNP9183 to differentiate between the varieties of Daehwang and Goldensilk and between Kumkang and Daebak, respectively. A tetra-primer amplification refractory (T-ARMS) mutation was used to analyze the remaining SNPs. As a result, we could isolate the same group or select an individual variety using the nine unique SNPs from SNP780 to SNP9183. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis for the region confirmed that the alleles were identical. In conclusion, our results show that combining SNP analysis of the whole silkworm genome with the decision tree is of high value as a discriminative marker for classifying silkworm varieties.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.244-250
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• 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the benefit of soft waxing, hard waxing, and sugaring waxing on intention to reuse in Korean adults, and to provide useful information to people who are new to waxing. As a research method, from May 1, 2019 to August 30 (17 weeks), we surveyed 422 subjects between 10 and 40 years old who lived in Busan and Yeongnam area and experienced waxing. In statistical analysis, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for reliability test, and Chi-squared test, independent t-test, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used. Multiple responses were analyzed using multiple response test. In the result of the effect of waxing benefit on intention to reuse, there was a significant positive correlation of waxing seeking score by body part, total waxing benefit score(r=0.389, p<0.001), and total score of intention to reuse (r=0.214, p>0.001) with intention to reuse. There was also a significant positive correlation between waxing benefit by body part and intention to reuse, except arms and legs. In the result of the effect of waxing benefit on intention to reuse, face waxing (β=0.106, p<0.001), Brazilian waxing (β=0.221, p<0.001) and total waxing benefit score (β=0.321, p<0.001) had a significant effect on intention to reuse. In the present study, awareness of sugaring waxing was low but favor and intention to reuse were strong, and the subjects sought sugaring waxing for sensitive body parts. Thus, would provide useful information for consumers new to waxing, and also basic information for studies on waxing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 1990

Recently, the rate of cesarean section in Korea has been increasing. The results of several previous studies in foreign countries on the emotional responses of cesarean section mothers showed that they might experience difficulties in the mother- infant interaction due to fatigue, lack of early mother - infant interaction, disappointments, anger, feelings of loss of control, and other factors. Human behavior is said to be determined by one's self concept, and self concept is influenced by both internal and external environmental factors. A scale to measure the self concept of cesarean section mothers was needed in order to identify those who might have difficulties in the mother- infant interactions in future. The purposes of this study were to develop a measuring scale, and to test its reliability and validity. The process of this study was as follows. A structured interview was done with 50 cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers to find their state of emotional reaction after giving birth to their babies. Based on the results of the interviews, a 50 items Likert scale was developed. The self concept of 268 cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers who were hospitalized at six hospital in seoul were measured, during the period between Feb. 1 and April 30. Reviewing the discriminating power of each item by means of crosstabulation, ten items were selected for the final scale. The reliability and validity of this ten item scale were tested by Cronbach's alpha and t-test, using spss pc＋package. The results of this study and recommendation are as follows. 1. The ten selected items were as follows. I feel pains in my breast. (－) I have a good appetite now. (＋) I feel pains in my flank. (－) I feel fine now. (＋) My body seems to have returned to its prepregnant state. (＋) Thinking of the delivery process, I feel sorry. (－) I want to hold my baby in my arms. (＋) I want to keep my own life, even if I became a mother. (－) I want to delegate the care of the baby to my mother / mother in law. (－) I think baby is my alter ego. (＋) 2. The reliability of this scale was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and the coefficient of this scale was .8066. 3. The construct validity of this scale was tested by means of known group methods. The value of self concept for cesarean section mother was significantly lower than for vaginal delivery mothers(t＝-5.51, df＝266, p＝0.007). 4. The criterion validity of this scale was tested indirectly. Though this scale could discriminate the differences in the self concept between cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers, the five items on the personal self concept scale didn's show any differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers. Therefore, the study indicates that those who shows lower values in the personal self concept measurement, that is, lower than 12.03 points, could be regaled as “risk mothers” 5. Further studies using this scale to clarify the influencing factors on negative self concept are strongly recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.467-473
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• 2003

Purpose : The Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), gamma herpesvirus, is an important pathogen that is widespread around the world. The EBV causes various diseases depending on the geographic location, and on the immunity or the premorbid condition of the person exposed to EBV. To evaluate EBV typing may be the most important step to figure out the pathogenesis of EBV associated diseases, and we need to re-evaluate the pathologic role of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) in developing Epstein- Barr virus associated acute infectious mononucleosis by using newly developed methods. Methods : This study included 24 children(age range : 6 to 13 years), serologically confirmed with acute infectious mononucleosis. The control group for the HLA type consisted of 200 age-matched healthy children. To classify HLA I, modified ARMs-PCR was used, while modified PCR-SSOP was utilized in typing of HLA II. Also, we performed EBV typing in study patients by using a one-step PCR. Results : The results of HLA types : In HLA class I, HLA-A24 was positive in 69 of 200 healthy children and positive in 14 of 24 patients in the study group(relative risk : 3.5724, chi-square; 5.26, P<0.05). In HLA class II, HLA-DRB1*07 was detected in 18 of 200 healthy children, and eight of 24 patients in the study group(relative risk; 506173, chi-square; 9.73, P<0.01). The results of EBV types : In the research group, 20(83.8%) of 24 patients were shedding type A virus, while 4(16.7%) were type B. Conclusion : We conclude that development of infectious mononucleosis may be associated with HLA types, and these results suggest that acute infectious mononucleosis could have hereditary traits. And we confirm that type A EBV is highly prevalent in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis in Korea. Also, our results suggest that further large scale studies, including adult groups, regarding the association between pathogenesis of EBV with HLA-DP or HLA-DQ will be warranted.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 1975

The G-banding patterns of normal and of delayed spiralized chromosomes by BUdR were investigated in three established cell lines of dwarf hamsters. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The number of G-bands appeared in Chinese hamster T-233 cell line was 65. The centromeric dark band was found in No.1 chromosome and weakly stained bands were also observed in part of the centromeric regions of Nos. 2, 3, 8 and $X_2$ chromosomes. Two homologous X chromosomes were found in different banding patterns. Terminal dark bands were shown in No. 1 chromosome. No conspicuous bands appeared in No. 10 chromosome. 2. Eighty four bands appeared in Armenian hamster Y-1249 cell line. Centromeric dark bands were observed in Nos. 5 and 10 chromosomes and moderatly stained bands were also found in near the centromeric region of the long arms of Nos. 7 and 9 chromosomes. Two isomorphic X chromosomes were also distinguished by their banding patterns. 3. In Y-1313 Armenian hamster cell line, the bands were 69. No centromeric dark bands were observed in this cell line, but moderatly stained bands appeared in the centromeric area in the long arm of No. 9 chromosome. The banding patterns of these two cell lines of Armenian hamster were quite different and readily distinguished. Only No. 8 chromosome showed similar G-banding patterns. Although Nos. 5, 7 abd 8 chromosomes revealed the same number of bands in these two cell lines, the location and staining intensity were quite different. 4. Chromosomes of Nos. 1, 2, 6, $X_1$ and $X_2$ in T-233 cell line and of 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, $X_1$ and $X_2$ in both cell lines of Armenian hamster were found to be elongated due to the inhibition of mitotic spiralization by BUdR. G-banding patterns of these chromosomes were found to be identical to those of normal chromosomes in these cell lines.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of the biceps brachii muscle in the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position of the shoulder in patients with anterior instability. Materials and Methods: This experimental study include a prospective analysis of the electromyographic(EMG) data on a group of patients with traumatic unilateral anterior instability of the shoulder. The EMG data of unstable shoulders was compared with those of opposite shoulders as control. The optimal sample size for the case-control study was calculated using an nQuery Advisor program(nQuery Adviser 3.0, Statisticl solutions Ltd., Ireland). The EMG analyses were conducted in 76 shoulders in 38 patients who had a traumatic anterior instability in one shoulder. The EMG records were obtained at different position of shoulder, which included 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° of shoulder abduction. In each angle of shoulder abduction, the arms were placed in an external rotation as tolerated by the anterior apprehension. The paired-sample T test was used to compare the difference of the root mean square(RMS) voltages between the stable and unstable shoulders in each degree of arm position. Results : The RMS voltage of the biceps muscle was significantly greater in the unstable shoulder than opposite stable shoulder in all position of the arm(p<0.001). The RMS voltage of the biceps was maximal at 90° and 120° of external rotation in the unstable shoulder(p<0.05). The RMS voltage of the supraspinatus muscle revealed no differences in any of the test conditions(p=0.904, 0.506, 0.119 and 0.781 in 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° , respectively) Conclusion: In the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position, the biceps muscle plays an active compensatory role in the unstable shoulder while not in the stable shoulder.