• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2020

Visual Representation Competence Taxonomy (VRC-T) was developed in previous study(Yoon, 2018) to provide a framework conducive to assess visual representation competence and to devise appropriate educational activities for it. This study is an extension of the previous study. It aimed to explore the usefulness of VRC-T and revise it by analyzing the patterns of visual representation use in science lessons. The researcher collected lesson plans on shadow principle from 11 pre-service and 13 in-service elementary teachers and conducted individual interviews regarding what visual representations they considered and how they tried to use them in science lessons. VRC-T was used as an analytical framework to examine the types and cognitive processes of visual representations. As a result, new categories were added and the revised VRC-T was completed (VRC-TR). It was also found that both pre- and in-service teachers mainly focused on 'interpreting' the 'descriptive representation' while designing their lesson plans. Additionally, in-service teachers showed more limited use of visual representations compared to pre-service teachers. In-service teachers largely relied on the national science textbooks, while pre-service teachers reflected their own learning experiences in their teacher-training program. These results showed that teachers' use of visual representations heavily relied on their prior learning and teaching experiences. The VRC-TR presented in this study and examples of class activities in each category can be helpful for teachers and researchers who want to use visual representations more effectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2015

Background: In order to prepare for the regulation about the limit of manure production, the status of manure management and the amount of nutrients in the compost discharged from Hanwoo breeding farm shall be known. This study aimed to find the practical amount of nutrients (volatile solids, VS; total nitrogen, T-N; total phosphorus, T-P) in manure, and compost samples collected from 40 Hanwoo breeding farms and the loss of the nutrients was calculated during the composting period, which supports to develop nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) for each nutrient. Results: Although the addition of bedding materials for composting caused the increase of the VS amount before composting, the comparison of VS, N, and P amounts in between manure and compost showed the lower VS by 4 % as well as T-N and T-P amounts by 69 and 40 %, respectively, of which values were corresponded with the NLCs of 0.96, 0.31, and 0.60 for VS, N, and P, respectively, based on the questionnaire, and sample analyses. Considering with the environmental impacts including land application from Hanwoo manure, P loss should be zero before and after composting. In this regard, nitrogen loss of 50 % occurs and VS was increased by 30 %. In addition, feasible cases for the calculations based on the notification from Ministry of Environment were compared with this study. Conclusions: The development of NLCs from Hanwoo manure in this study implies that the loss of nutrients in manure occurs during the composting or storing period. The mass balances of N and P from livestock manure to land application may be overestimated over the practical values. It is necessary to build up the database about each livestock category other than Hanwoo.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the BMI, diet perception and diet behavior of female university students. A descriptive survey design was used 165 students from October 29 to November 9, 2018. Data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA, cross analysis with SPSS 21.0. Total diet perception was 3.44 points, highest sub category was 'practice' with 4.00 points, followed by 'information and education' with 3.58 points, 'necessity' with 3.32 points and lowest category was 'self-recognition' with 2.84. 65 students(43.0%) were 'less than three times' in 'Number of diets' and diet methods was 65(43.0%) for 'food control' and 62(41.1%) for 'exercise'. During in a week, 98 students(84.9%) exercised within three hours, followed by 33(21.9%) who did not exercised at all. 22 students(14.6%) said they experienced damage from dieting, while the types included gastrointestinal disease, menstrual irregularity and hair loss. The total score of diet perception according to BMI was lower in the underweight group than in the normal and overweight groups(p<.001). In diet 'practice' category, low weight group scored lower than normal weight and overweight groups(p<.05). In 'information and education' category, overweight group scored the highest, followed by normal and underweight groups(p<.001). In diet 'necessity' and 'self-recognition' categories, low weight group scored lower than normal weight and overweight groups(p<.001). Diet behavior by diet perception was different in number and method of diet(p<.001). Based on the results, it is thought that attention and education are needed to form a proper diet perception and maintain healthy living for female university students.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2005

This study examines the effects of two motivational orientations on the use of language learning strategies at overall, category, and specific-item levels. 184 students (males and females) from a Korean university responded to the following two questionnaires: the Motivational Orientation Questionnaire (MOQ) developed by the author and Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The results showed that both integratively- and instrumentally-oriented students were moderate strategy users overall. Integratively-oriented learners were found to use learning strategies more often and a broader spectrum of strategies than instrumentally-oriented learners. A noteworthy finding, however, is that strategy use was not motivation orientation-specific. In other words, the two motivational groups were found to share the similar patterns of strategy use. Independent samples t test results revealed that integratively-oriented students exhibited significantly greater use of overall strategy than instrumentally-oriented students. This phenomenon held true for the use of cognitive, metacognitive, and social categories. At the specific item levels, 13 of the total 50 individual strategies were shown to be employed significantly more often by integratively motivated learners than by their instrumentally motivated peers.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.489-499
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• 2009

This paper focuses on assessment and design of transmission systems for distribution of digital signals over standard Category-7A copper cables at speeds beyond 10 Gbps. The main contribution of this paper is on the technical feasibility and system design for data rates of 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps over copper. Based on capacity analysis and rate optimization algorithms, system parameters are obtained and the design implementation trade-offs are discussed. Our simulation results confirm that with the aid of a decision-feedback equalizer and powerful coding techniques, namely, TCM or LDPC code, 40 Gbps transmission is feasible over 50 m of CAT-7A copper cable. These results also indicate that 100 Gbps transmission can be achieved over 15 m cables.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

The research was done against female workers in public officers to find out the actual conditions and usage of uniforms worn in government and other public offices, to find out the degree of their satisfaction for it's appearance, costs, functions and representation. The research was done by questioning 402 female workers about their uniforms in various government and other public offices and the results analysed from the research are as it follows below. 1. The shape of uniforms in public offices were mostly in three piece(jacket+vest+skirt) shape, many of them in gray color and the material were made of blended fabrics. 2. The satisfactory garde of the uniform couldn't even reach the level of '3 point', in which it is easy to tell that the workers had low satisfaction with their uniforms. The level of satisfaction in it's appearance, functions, costs and representation were below average, the rankings starting with functions, representation, appearance, costs and it was shown that the most satisfied category was in it's functions and the lest in costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.127-137
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to compare and analyze application cases of POP(Point of Purchase) in each ISM(In Store Merchandising) for domestic and imported cosmetics. to present basic data for setting up effective marketing strategies according to types of ISM. The results were as follows : 1. In the Department Stores, counselling comers for customers were located at all domestic and imported cosmetics. A small quantify of new release cosmetic items were displayed in order to elevate those added value in most cosmetics floors excepts Estee Lauder. 2. In the Discount Stores, most cosmetic items were displayed in category or in color for customers to choose those easily. 3. In the Cosmetics Specialties. display for show case couldn't be accessible by customers and cosmetic items were disordered because too many itmes from various companies were displayed

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1978

The study was to analyze on the hard and soft tissue profiles in mixed dentition. The subject consisted of 100 males and 100 females from 9 to 12 years of age and with a normal occlusion and acceptable profiles. On the basis of SnH line and SnV line, the author traced all the cephalograms and calculated the mean value and standard deviation in each measuring category and evaluated the sexual difference, the proper limit of development. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Individual variations of the lower facial part were larger the upper facial part in depth and height. 2. Sexual difference of lower facial part was significant in depth and height. 3. All the measured values to the SnH and SnV line were larger in male than in female but revealed resemblance in the profilogram. 4. The measured values of the region of nose, upper lip and point A showed stable tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.1215-1227
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• 2012

The membership of the generalized local cohomology modules $H_a^i$(M,N) of two R-modules M and N with respect to an ideal a in certain Serre subcategories of the category of modules is studied from below ($i<t$). Furthermore, the behaviour of the $n$th graded component $H_a^i(M,N)_n$ of the generalized local cohomology modules with respect to an ideal containing the irrelevant ideal as $n{\rightarrow}-{\infty}$ is investigated by using the above result, in certain graded situations.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2007

This study investigates the possibility of seasonal prediction for tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific by using a dynamical modeling approach. We use data from the SMIP/HFP (Seasonal Prediction Model Inter-comparison Project/Historical Forecast Project) experiment with the Korea Meteorological Administration's GDAPS (Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System) T106 model, focusing our analysis on model-generated tropical cyclones. It is found that the prediction depends primarily on the tropical cyclone (TC) detecting criteria. Additionally, a scaling factor and a different weighting to each ensemble member are found to be essential for the best predictions of summertime TC activity. This approach indeed shows a certain skill not only in the category forecast but in the standard verifications such as Brier score and relative operating characteristics (ROC).