• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2439-2445
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• 2014

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), is a quinoid diterpene isolated from the root of the Asian medicinal plant, Salvia miotiorrhiza bunge. Numerous researchers have found that it could work as a potent antitumor agent to inhibit tumor growth in vitro, buith there has been much less emphasis on its in vivo role against breast tumors. Using a mouse tumor model of MCF7 cells, we showed that CPT strongly inhibited MCF7 cell growth in vivo with polarization of immune reactions toward Th1-type responses, stimulation of naive CD4+ T cell proliferation, and also increased IFN-${\gamma}$ and perforin production of CD4+ T cells in response to tumor-activated splenocytes. Furthermore, data revealed that the cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T cells induced by CPT was markedly abrogated by concanamycin A(CMA), a perforin inhibitor, but not IFN-${\gamma}$ Ab. On the other hand, after depletion of CD4+ T cells or blocked perforin with CMA in a tumor-bearing model, CPT could not effectively suppress tumor growth, but this phenomenon could be reversed by injecting naive CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results suggested that CPT mainly inhibited breast tumor growth through inducing cytotoxic CD4+ T cells to secrete perforin. We further found that CPT enhanced perforin production of CD4+ T cells by up-regulating JAK2 and STAT4 phosphorylation. These findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic role for CPT in tumor therapy, and demonstrate that CPT performs its antitumor functions through cytotoxic CD4+ T cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for T cells. However, IL-7 is not produced by T cells themselves such that T cells are dependent on extrinsic IL-7. In fact, in the absence of IL-7, T cell development in the thymus as well as survival of naive T cells in the periphery is severely impaired. Furthermore, modulating IL-7 availability in vivo either by genetic means or other experimental approaches determines the size, composition and function of the T cell pool. Consequently, understanding IL-7 expression is critical for understanding T cell immunity. Until most recently, however, the spatiotemporal expression of in vivo IL-7 has remained obscured. Shortage of such information was partly due to scarce expression of IL-7 itself but mainly due to the lack of adequate reagents to monitor IL-7 expression in vivo. This situation dramatically changed with a recent rush of four independent studies that describe the generation and characterization of IL-7 reporter mice, all utilizing bacterial artificial chromosome transgene technology. The emerging consensus of these studies confirmed thymic stromal cells as the major producers of IL-7 but also identified IL-7 reporter activities in various peripheral tissues including skin, intestine and lymph nodes. Strikingly, developmental and environmental cues actively modulated IL-7 reporter activities in vivo suggesting that IL-7 regulation might be a new mechanism of shaping T cell development and homeostasis. Collectively, the availability of these new tools opens up new venues to assess unanswered questions in IL-7 biology in T cells and beyond.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.499-511
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• 2013

In this article, Adomian decomposition method (ADM), variation iteration method(VIM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM) for solving integro-differential equation with singular kernel have been investigated. Also,we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions and the convergence of present methods. The accuracy of the proposed method are illustrated with solving some numerical examples.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 1998

Seom River was major branch of Namhan river, consist of primary basin that Wonjoo-city, Hoingsung-gun and primary contamination source was sewage from human lives. This study was evaluated production contamination loading of each branch basin and water quality grade and water quality simulation by QUAL2E to provide efficient contaminations source control. Rusult of survey, production loading of BOD, T-N, T-P were 26,591 kg/day, 4,560 kg/day, 731 kg/day resectively. Water quality analysis in 17 points of main stream were appeared that 1st grade(BOD 1 mg/l under) was 6 point, 2nd grade was 9 point and 3rd grade was 2 point. And result of water quality analysis for branch steram, first grade was evaluated 68.7%. Based of field data, calibration and verification result were in good agreement with mesured value within coefficient of variance were from 2.59% to 18.73%, from 6.39%, to 28.46%, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.257-260
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• 2017

In this work, we present a facile one-pot synthesis of a multilayer-structured platy alumina/few-layer graphene nanocomposite by planetary milling and hot pressing. The sintered composites have electrical conductivity exhibiting percolation behavior (threshold ~ 0.75 vol.%), which is much lower than graphene oxide/ceramic composites (> 3.0 vol.%). The conductivity data are well-described by the percolation theory, and the fitted exponent values are estimated to be 1.65 and 0.93 for t and q, respectively. The t and q values show conduction mechanisms intermediate between 2D- and 3D, which originates from quantum tunneling between nearest neighbored graphenes.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

We first define a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study amenability, weak amenability, biflatness and biprojectivity of these algebras.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Visualization of the mixing pattern in a non-element mixer was carried out using laser induced fluorescence(LIF) to evaluate characteristics of mixer consisting of the main flow pipe and branch flow pipes. The branch flows were injected periodically with the period $T_{in}$ normal to the main flow, and rhodamine B was mixed into the most upstream branch flow to visualize mixing pattern in the main flow pipe by LIF. The length of boundary line L of the LIF image was measured. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed to identify the mixing process of the non-element mixer, and the results were compared with experimental results. Each result was almost the same. When the number of branch flows is increased, the mixing pattern became complicated and was supposed to become chaotic. The length of boundary line L increased exponentially with an increase in the number of branch flows.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.80-86
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• 1995

A method of eliminating the branch problem in driving crank center point plane for 3 position synthesis of 4 bar mechanism is introduced. By studying various transformation characteristics from the circle point plane into the center poi t plane, the curves in the center point plane transformed from the filemon line in circle point plane are analytically obtained, which will seperate the whole center point plane into many sub-areas for the selec- tion of the center point of the driving crank. And a simple method to identify which of the sub-areas will cause the branch problem is also presented. The method will allow the selection of the center point of driving crank without the branch problem.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.602-612
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 주파수 5.3 GHz에서 소형화된 branch line 커플러와 $360^{\circ}$ 이상의 위상천이를 보일 수 있는 가변 리액턴스 부하를 결합하여 소형화된 위상천이기의 설계를 보였다. 위상천이기의 소형화를 위하여, branch line 커플러의 새로운 구조를 제안하였다. 새로운 branch line 커플러는 전송선의 T 및 ${\pi}$형 등가회로 변환 방법을 이용하여 소형화하였다. 소형화된 branch line 커플러는 일반적인 구조에 비해 50 % 이상 소형의 크기를 가진다. 넓은 위상천이량을 갖기 위하여 전송선에 버렉터 다이오드 두 개를 입력과 출력에 연결한 부하 구조를 채택하였다. 특히, 조정 전압에 대한 위상천이량이 완만하도록 임피던스 변환기 역할을 하는 전송선을 설계된 부하 구조에 추가하여 구조를 보완하였다. 추가된 임피던스 변환기에 사용된 전송선 및 선정된 부하 구조의 전송선은 소형화에 장애가 되기 때문에 이를 집중 소자로 등가하여 소형화하였다. 제작된 위상천이기는 $15{\times}15mm^2$의 소형의 크기를 가지며, 조정 전압 0~10 V 범위의 경우, 중심 주파수 5.3 GHz에서 삽입 손실은 약 -4~-6 dB, 반사 손실은 -20 dB 이하, 약 $480^{\circ}$의 넓은 위상천이를 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the possible DNA damaging effects of T-2 toxin using an alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay and also to investigate toxic effects in chickens. A total of 20 chickens were used in these experiments. Graded concentrations of dietary T-2 toxin (0, 4, 8, and $16{\mu}g/g$ of diet) were given to groups of 5 broiler chickens. In comet assay, The DNA damage was analysed by the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL), which were used as markers of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. A significant dose-dependent increase in the extent of DNA migration as well as in the percentage of cells with tails was observed after treatment with T-2 toxin (P<0.05). Treatment with the low T-2 toxin ($4{\mu}/g$ of diet) induced a relatively low level of DNA damage in comparison with the high T-2 toxin ($16{\mu}/g$ of diet) group. The growth rate was significantly reduced by concentrations of 8, and $16{\mu}/g$ of diet (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by any concentrations (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the spleen, and lung was decreased by the growth inhibitory concentrations. The bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and kid- ney were decreased in relative weight by concentrations of $16{\mu}/g$ of diet. The relative weight of the liver and heart were unaffected. The hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased at concentration of $16{\mu}/g$ of diet. As compared with control chickens, there was no marked change in serum components except uric acid in T-2 treated chickens. All lymphoid tissues retained atrophic and lymphoid cell depletion throughout the three weeks trial.