• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

This study was intended to investigate the effects of regular swimming exercise and vitamin C supplementation on the antioxidant system following exercise stress. For the swimming exercise experiment, a swimming adaptation exercise of 1 week was given to a group of 6-week-old mice. Following this, a swimming exercise for 8 weeks was conducted. The experimental group was divided into 3: a control group (C), a swimming exercise trained group (T), and a group of swimming + vitamin C supplementation (TC: vitamin supplementation: 1.3 mg/l00 g diet). After the swimming exercise, these group were further divided into those that had received the exercise stress for 2 hours and those that had not experienced exercise stress group. Then, the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured. There was a lower weight increase in the T and TC groups than in the C group, and there was no significant difference between T and TC group. When exercise stress was not experienced, the activity of SOD was significantly increased in the TC group than in the T group, but there was no significant difference between C and T groups. The groups that had experienced a 2-hour exercise stress showed the SOD activity levels according to the following order, C < T < TC, with a significant difference between the three groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in MDA concentration amongst the experimental groups in non-exercise stress group. As well, there was no differences in MDA concentration between the C group and T group in the 2 hour exercise stress group. However, the TC group showed a MDA concentration level significantly lower than that of the T group. A significant increase in MDA concentration was observed in C group, when exercise stress was provided with no significant difference in the T and TC groups. As a result, regular exercise and vitamin C supplementation can be considered important in controlling the formation of lipid peroxides in exercise stress.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.123-129
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• 2024

CPR is very important to paramedics, but the chest compression performed while on the move main stretcher is less accurate. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference between performing chest compression on the side of the main stretcher using C-step and on the patient's over the belly in order to increase the effect of CPR on the main object while on the move. As a result of the study, the appropriate depth (t=4.132, p=.000) and speed (t=7.177, p=.000) were shown in the group to which the C-step was applied, and the accuracy was higher (t=6.774, p=.000). In addition, it was found that there were few location defects (t=-5.197, p=.000) and too shallow errors (t=-2.948, p=.008) in the group to which the C-step was applied. In conclusion, mounting a C-step on the main stretcher seems to help improve the quality of chest compression, and it is thought that this will increase the efficiency of chest compression.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

Variations in NMR relaxation time during freezing and thawing processes in pork loins were investigated. Continuous distribution analysis of data obtained from $T_2\;CPMG$ were carried out to observe the changes in water content in the muscles. Solid fat content slightly increased with decreasing temperature, then showed sharp increase at $-4^{\circ}C$, reaching 85% at $-25^{\circ}C$. Relaxation time decreased with decreasing temperature, suggesting that ice crystals gradually formed at freezing temperature. $T_2$ relaxation time during thawing was higher than that during freezing, suggesting that ice crystals melted by thawing and resulted in water loss from meat. Continuous distribution analysis of data obtained from Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill experiments shows one to four components on the spectra during freezing and thawing processes. The area of major components between 30 to 45 ms decreased with decreasing temperature, and were not detected below $-4^{\circ}C$, below which only $T_s$ signal was detected. The area of $T_s$ decreased with decreasing temperature. Between -4 to $10^{\circ}C$, the areas of $T_m$ and $T_l$ during thawing were larger than those during freezing. These results suggest that the exchange between bound water and free water takes place during freezing and thawing.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and serum lipid level(total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31, 2001. The ninty-five research subject were assigned to experimental group(51) and control group(44). Vitamin C(3g/day) was given to 51 subjects for 4 weeks. Following a 12h overnight fasting, blood sample was obstaind at baseline and at the end of 4week - supplementation. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and serum lipid level. The pre-equivalent test was used by Chi-squre, t-test and two group's pre and post experimental differences were analyzed by t-tset to compare with each other. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The difference between the two groups in plasma vitamin C concentration was significant(t=-12.950, p=.000). 2. The difference between the two groups in fasting blood sugar was significant(t=5.293, p=.000). 3. The difference between the two groups in HbA1c was not significant(t=1.758, p=.082). 4. The difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was significant(t=3.786, p=.000 ; t=-5.515, p=.000 ; t= 4.169, p = .000). These results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation be effective in lowering fasting blood sugar, serum lipids and increasing plasma vitamin C. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be on important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

This study examined the change in carbon (C) storage of soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris (CWD) for different thinning intensities in Pinus densiflora stands 4 years after the treatment. Two study stands were located in Jeongseon (Stand 1) and Gwangneung Experiment Forest (Stand 2). Three plots for different thinning intensities based on stand density were established at each stand in 2008; control plot (0%), T20 plot (20%) and T30 plot (30%) in Stand 1 and control plot (0%), T39 plot (39%) and T74 plot (74%) in Stand 2, respectively. The C storage of soil (0-50 cm), forest floor and CWD was measured in 2012. Total C storage of T30 plot ($109.80t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of control plot ($86.69t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) in Stand 1. In stand 2, total C storage of T74 plot ($97.02t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) was significantly higher than that of control plot ($72.04t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and T39 plot ($63.25t{\cdot}C{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Total C storage of the heaviest thinned plot was the highest in each study stand. Since this study examined initial effects of thinning on C storage of soil, forest floor and CWD, further studies would be necessary to evaluate the long-term effects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2006

Twenty four Hanwoo steers(average body weight=550.4±42.8kg) were used in the experiment to determine the effects of supplementing coated vitamin C+E with cottonseed on meat quality, meat color and carcass grade in Hanwoo steers fed brewers grain and cracked corn-based fermented feedstuff. Steers were randomly assigned to feeding groups of fermented feedstuff without any supplements(T1) and fermented feedstuff supplemented with coated vitamin C+E and cottonseed(T2). Ether extract content of longissimus dorsi was higher in T2 than in T1(p<0.05). Yellowness and hue-angle among surface colors of longissimus dorsi was lower(p<0.05) in T2 than in T1 but lightness was higher(p<0.05) in T2 than in T1. Ratio of yield grade ‘A’ was higher from T2 group than from T1 group. Marbling score was higher in T2 than in T1(p<0.05). Present results indicate that supplementation of coated vitamin C+E and cottonseed to brewers grain and cracked corn-based fermented feedstuff has positive effects on ether extract content, color, marbling score of longissimus dorsi in Hanwoo steers.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2011

Explicit sufficient conditions are established for the oscillation of the one order neutral differential equations with impulsive $(x(t)+{\sum\limits^n_{i=1}}c_ix(t-{\sigma}_i))'+px(t-{\tau})=0$, $t{\neq}t_{\kappa}$, ${\Delta}(x(t_{\kappa})+{\sum\limits^n_{i=1}}c_ix(t_{\kappa}-{\sigma}_i))+p_0x(t_{\kappa}-{\tau})=0$, $c_i{\geq}0$, $i=1,2,{\ldots}n$, $p{\tau}$>0, $p_0{\tau}$>0, ${\Delta}(x_{\kappa})=x(t^+_{\kappa})-x(t_{\kappa})$. Explicit sufficient and necessary condition are established when $c_i$ = 0, i = 1, 2, ${\ldots}$, n.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a dietary addition of red ginseng marc, mineral^® and black sugar^® on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Holstein steers(Bos taurus). A total of 32 fattening Holstein steers(avg. BW 590kg) were assigned to four treatments which included a control diet(mixed concentrate and forage; namely, C) and three treatments diet(T1; control diet+red ginseng marc 200g, T2; control diet+red ginseng marc 100g+mineral 50g, T3; control diet+mineral 50g+ black sugar 20g). The results are summarized as follows; the total feed intake and daily feed intake were significantly(p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than in the other two treatments(C and T1). The daily gain was higher in T2 than in the other treatments, but there was no significant difference. The back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and meat yield grade were no significant difference. The marbling score showed significantly(p<0.05) higher in order of T3(4.5) > T1(4.0) > T2(2.7) > C(2.5). The meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. The quality grade was higher in T3 than in the other treatments(C, T1 and T2), but there was no significant difference. T3, which numerically had a higher daily gain and carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas C showed low economic efficiency. Based on the above results, T3 treatment compared to the other treatments improved the daily gain, carcass quality grade and economic efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1068-1074
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• 2012

Ohmic heating uses electric resistance heat which occurs equally and rapidly inside of food when electrical current is flown into. In other study, we researched about soybean protein's characteristic changes by ohmic heating. Nevertheless treated same temperature, denaturation of soybean protein were accelerated by ohmic heating than conventional heating. In this time, we studied thermal property change of potato starch by ohmic heating besides conventional heating. For this purpose, potato starch was heated at same subgelatinization temperature by ohmic and conventional heating. And thermal properties were tested using DSC. Annealing of starch is heat treatment method that heated at 3~4% below the gelatinization point. DSC analysis results of this study, the $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ of potato starch levels were increased, whereas $T_c{\sim}T_o$ was narrowed. This thermal property changes appear similar to annealing's result. It is thought the results shown in this study, because the heating from below the gelatinization point. 6, 12, 24, 72, and 120 hours heating at $55^{\circ}C$ for potato starch, $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ values continue to increased with heating time increase. The gelatinization temperature of raw potato starch was $65.9^{\circ}C$ and the treated starch by conventional heating at $55^{\circ}C$ for 120 hr was $72^{\circ}C$, ohmic was $76^{\circ}C$. The gelatinization range of conventional (72 hr) was $10^{\circ}C$, ohmic was $8^{\circ}C$. In case of 24 hours heating at 45, 50, 55, 60, $65^{\circ}C$ for potato starch, the result was similar to before. $T_o$, $T_p$, $T_c$ values continue to increased and gelatinization range narrowed with heating temperature increase. In case of conventional heating at $60^{\circ}C$, the results of gelatinization temperature and range were $70.1^{\circ}C$ and $9.1^{\circ}C$. And ohmic were $74.4^{\circ}C$ and $7.5^{\circ}C$. When viewed through the results of the above, the internal structure of starch heated by ohmic heating was found that the shift to a more stable form and to increase the homology of the starch internal structure.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 2017

Objective : Laminoplasty is an effective surgical method for treating cervical degenerative disease. However, postoperative complications such as kyphosis, restriction of neck motion, and instability are often reported. Despite sufficient preoperative lordosis, this procedure often aggravates the lordotic curve of the cervical spine and straightens cervical alignment. Hence, it is important to examine preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative kyphotic alignment changes. Our study aimed to investigate preoperative radiologic parameters associated with kyphotic deformity post laminoplasty. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) preoperative diagnosis of OPLL or CSM, 2) no previous history of cervical spinal surgery, cervical trauma, tumor, or infection, 3) minimum of one-year follow-up post laminoplasty with proper radiologic examinations performed in outpatient clinics, and 4) cases showing C7 and T1 vertebral body in the preoperative cervical sagittal plane. The radiologic parameters examined included C2-C7 Cobb angles, T1 slope, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), range of motion (ROM) from C2-C7, segmental instability, and T2 signal change observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical factors examined included preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, disease classification, duration of symptoms, and the range of operation levels. Results : Mean preoperative sagittal alignment was $13.01^{\circ}$ lordotic; $6.94^{\circ}$ lordotic postoperatively. Percentage of postoperative kyphosis was 80%. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to postoperative Cobb angle change; a control group (n=22) and kyphotic group (n=27). The kyphotic group consisted of patients with more than $5^{\circ}$ kyphotic angle change postoperatively. There were no differences in age, sex, C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, C2-C7 SVA, ROM from C2-C7, segmental instability, or T2 signal change. Multiple regression analysis revealed T1 slope had a strong relationship with postoperative cervical kyphosis. Likewise, correlation analysis revealed there was a statistical significance between T1 slope and postoperative Cobb angle change (p=0.035), and that there was a statistically significant relationship between T1 slope and C2-C7 SVA (p=0.001). Patients with higher preoperative T1 slope demonstrated loss of lordotic curvature postoperatively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has a high probability of aggravating sagittal balance of the cervical spine. T1 slope is a good predictor of postoperative kyphotic changes of the cervical spine. Similarly, T1 slope is strongly correlated with C2-C7 SVA.