• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.441-451
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• 1993

Protective effect of superoxide dismutase[SOD] and substrates on acute ischemic and reperfused myocardium was assessed by cardiac microdialysis. 30 Rabbits were divided into 4 groups; normal control group [group I, n=5], ischemic group [group II, n=5], SOD treated group [group III, n=10], and substrates treated group [group IV, n=10]. After a microdialysis apparatus was implanted in rabbit myocardium, coronary artery was occuluded for 5 minutes and reperfusion was performed for 30 minutes. Hemodynamic changes, CK-MB isoenzyme level and adenine ring compound level in effluent dialysates [equilibrated with interstitial fluid], and ultrastructural changes of myocardial cell were analysed. Systolic blood pressure at 10 and 30 minutes after reperfusion was higher in group III and IV than in group II [p<.05]. Also percent recovery of systolic blood pressure in group III [p<.01] and IV [p<.02] was higher than in group II. CK-MB isoenzyme level in effluent dialysates was peaked at 10 minutes after reperfusion, thereafter decreased in group II, III and IV. At 30 minutes after reperfusion, its level was lower in group III and IV than in group II[p<.05]. Adenine ring compound level in effluent dialysates increased till 10 minutes after reperfusion and progressively decreased. At 10 and 30 minutes after reperfusion, its level was lower in group III and IV than in group II without significance. Degree of myocardial damage was estimated by scoring of mitochondrial injury. Group I was within normal range and most severe injury was seen in group II. And the score of mitochondrial injury in group III and IV was lower than in group II. In conclusion, SOD and substrates[KMP solution] had protective effect on stunned myocardium. The microdialysis appratus was a good device for studying stunned myocardium, and cardiac microdialysis might be a unique technique for analysis of regional intramyocardial interstitial fluid.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 1998

The sinus distal to the prosthetic heart valve influences the valve closure behavior and velocity field near the valve, therefore affects the hydrodynamic performance of the prosthetic heart valve. In order to study the effects of valve distal geometry on the hydrodynamic performance of the prosthetic valves, mechanical bileaflet valve(SJMV), monoleaflet polymer valve(MLPV) and trileaflet polymer valve(FTPV) are inserted in the test sections which have the straight and the sinus shape distal to the valve. Leakage volumes and systolic mean pressure drops are measured in the pulsatile mock circulation flow loop. Leakage volumes are slightly less and systolic mean pressure drops are higher in the sinus test section comparing to those in the straight test section, but the differences are statistically insignificant. Flow waveforms are analyzed in order to predict the valve closure behavior. The distal sinus does not affect the closure of the MLPV, but early valve closure of SJMV is observed in the sinus test section. This effect is more significant in FTPV, and the reverse flow peak of FTPV is reduced in the sinus test section. Therefore the sinus distal to the valve can reduce the reverse flow jet caused by sudden valve closure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2010

Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been shown to enhance endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in experimental animals; however, little is known about its pharmacological effects on vascular stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out to determine whether KRG has beneficial effects on arterial stiffness, cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP), and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activity. Twenty patients (mean age, 62.5 years) with stable angina pectoris were given KRG (2.7 g/day) and a placebo alternatively for 10 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis and pulse wave velocity (PWV) recording were performed on day 0 and after the completion of each treatment. ROCK activity was assessed based on the level of phospho-$Thr^{853}$ in the myosin-binding subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase, determined by Western blot analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KRG significantly decreased the systolic BP, brachial ankle PWV, and heart femoral PWV in the patients (all p<0.05), but did not significantly alter the serum lipid profiles, including triglycerides and total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The ROCK activity tended to decrease (p=0.068) following KRG treatment. The placebo did not significantly alter any of the variables. In conclusion, KRG decreased systolic BP and arterial stiffness, probably via the inhibition of ROCK activity, in patients with CAD, but had a neutral effect on serum lipid profiles. Our data suggest that KRG has a therapeutic effect on CAD.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations in vital sign changes, the severity of pain, signs of complications, and the duration of sandbag management in order to suggest a standardized practice related to sandbag management in children with Nephrotic Syndrome(NS). Method: From October 2000 to May 2001, seventy children with NS who underwent kidney biopsy were interviewed at one hospital in Seoul Korea, and participated in this study. Result: 1) The average sandbag applying time after kidney biopsy was 18.1 hours. 2) Systolic blood pressure and respiration increased until 15 minutes after kidney biopsy, after then, they decreased signifi- cantly (systolic BP, p= .006; respiration, p= .029). However, no significant changes were noted in diastolic blood pressure and pulse. 3) Pain was reported minimal for 1 hour after kidney biopsy. The severity of pain increased until 12 hours after the procedure, then, decreased significantly(p= .0001). 4) Reported complications were hematuria (74.7％) and abnormal sonogram (32.9％). No apparent bleeding on the biopsy region was reported in any children. Conclusion: From these findings, it is possible to change the protocols of the duration of absolute bed rest time and sandbag application management shortly after kidney biopsy. But it is needed to study the fit protocols for kidney biopsy. Several implications in nursing practice are suggested. 1) Replicated studies for more participants are needed. 2) Further research on the effect of sandbag application after kidney biopsy is required. 3) The best duration of sandbag application management after kidney biopsy need to be investigated.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.48-61
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the ordinary symptoms, special symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI) according to Sasang constitution in female college students. Also, we aimed to analyze the factors affecting BMI. Methods Forty-four female college students participated in this study. Sasang Constitution was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II. BMI was measured and ordinary symptoms were acqired through the questionnaire. Special symptoms was determined by Fatigue Severity Index (FSS), Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST), ROME III, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), respectively. For statistical analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms between sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher urine frequency than soyangin, soeumin had higher gap of feces than taeumin. Taeumin had higher BMI and ROME III score than soyangin and soeumin. They showed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms according to BMI. Overweight and obese group is higher in water intake than low and normal group. Low weight and normal group is higher in gap of feces than overweight and obese group. High score group in PSST and ROME III showed high BMI than low score group. We analyzed the factors that affect BMI. BMI are highly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, FSS, PSST, ROME III and OSDI showed high correlation with each other. Conclusion Urine frequency and gap of feces are different among sasang constitutional types. The obese group and normal group showed significant differences in water intake, gap of feces, PSST and ROME III score. It is found that factors that affecting BMI are systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These results may lead to identifying the causes and factors of obesity in female college students related to Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

This study was attempted to investigate the possible association of osteoarthritis with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Korean adults based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The prevalence of MetS was significantly increased in OA group in women. To investigate the association between the components for MetS and osteoarthritis, we analyzed the mean values of 5 components of MetS, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose in normal and OA group. In women, WC, TG, HDL, and systolic blood pressure were associated with the development of OA. Moreover, accumulation of components of MetS was significantly related to the prevalence of OA in Korean men and women. These data suggest that MetS might be a novel risk factor for OA and MetS should be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of OA for Korean adults as well.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.477-485
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• 2016

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.649-655
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• 1988

One hundred and one patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were older than 16 years of age underwent a total correction of the anomaly between May, 1964 and July, 1987. This group comprised 14.9% of the 679 consecutive patients who had repair of the tetralogy at our institution during the same period. Of the 101 patients, 8 had a previous shunt procedure for palliation. The preoperative mean hemoglobin value was 16.9*1.0% and the mean systemic oxygen saturation, 84.4*0.9%. In 76 patients[75.2%], a type II ventricular septal defect was seen whereas in 14 patients[13.9%], the defect was type I. In 72 patients[71.3%], other cardiac anomalies were present which included patent foramen ovale in 37.6%, atrial septal defect in 8.99b, vegetations in 6.9%, right sided aortic arch in 5.9% and coronary artery anomaly in 5.0%. The right ventricular outflow obstruction was caused most commonly by combination of infundibular and valvular stenosis[74.3%], followed by isolated infundibular stenosis[19.8%] and valvular stenosis [5.9%] alone in order. The preoperative mean diameter of the pulmonary valve ring size was 10.2*0.5 mm in diameter. A transannular patch enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed in 28 patients and, in 12 a pericardial monocusp was utilized. Major anomalous aorto-pulmonary vessels were encountered in 5 patients which were detected before or during the operation. In 3 patients, they were ligated beforehand to control the flooding of the operative field. Postoperatively, the mean systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery was 16.2*2.3 mmHg and the mean systolic pressure- ratio between the right and the left ventricle was 45.3*2.0%. Perioperative complications including bleeding in 8.9%, pleural effusion in 7.9%, dysrrhythmia in 4.9%, and residual VSD in 4.0%. Operative mortality was 8.9%. There has been no operative death in the recent 65 cases since 1981. There were 2 late deaths, 68 and 113 months after surgery. There were 2 late detachment of the VSD patch during the follow-up period. Of the 6 patients with patch detachment found during the postoperative period, 3 had subacute bacterial endocarditis before or after the operation indicating The serious nature of this complication. Two of these patients subsequently underwent a successful reoperation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate effective treatment point selection method using oppressive pain in acupoints as elementary attempt for standard methodology of clinical acupuncture studies. Methods : Twenty seven subjects with hypertension or within prehypertension category - systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) over 120/80mmHg - were divided into two groups, oppressive pain point treatment group and oppressive painless point treatment group. In oppressive pain point treatment group, single point acupuncture (SPA) was conducted for 16 sessions during 8 weeks on most oppressive painful point among 6 selected acupuncture points used in previous trials and clinic. As a SPA intervention, 15 minutes with deqi sensation- elevating manipulation was conducted on the treatment acupoint. Same process was conducted in oppressive painless point treatment group on most oppressive painless point with subject blinding. Results : Significant reduction was observed in both systolic and diastolic BP after short time intervention (15.5/8.8 mmHg, 10.7/7.1 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively at 1 week) and maintained for 8 weeks intervention period in all groups (12.8/8.0 mmHg, 19.4/12.6 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference of BP change between oppressive pain point treatment group (N=10) and oppressive painless point treatment group (N=9) was observed during 8 weeks study period. Conclusions : SPA treatment as used in this pilot study was effective for lowering BP in mild hypertensive population, but oppressive pain in acupoint had no effect on treatment. This present result suggests the possibility of SPA for hypertension treatment regardless of oppressive pain.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.275-285
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• 2011

Purpose: Head-up position during sleep is one of the non-pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Because the head-up position causes discomfort in many patients, this approach may not be acceptable to all patients. We compared the systolic blood pressure in erect position, orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic disability score, and the improvement rates of orthostatic hypotension between the 20 cm head-up group and the 10 cm head-up group. Methods: A control pre/post-test design was used. Between August 1, 2009 and November 15, 2010, we consecutively enrolled patients who showed orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinsonian disorders. Sixty-seven patients were prospectively enrolled and forty-four patients were completed the study. Results: There were no statistically significant differences found in the systolic blood pressure in erect position, orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic disability scores between the two groups. However, five patients showed improvement in 20 cm head-up group and one patient was showed improvement in 10 cm head-up Group. Conclusion: Orthostatic hypotension is decreased with 20 cm head-up position in some patients with Parkinsonian disorders (p=.034). Further research investigating the relationships between orthostatic hypotension and head-up position are warranted.