• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.9
• /
• pp.998-1006
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Hypertension is defined as average systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure that is ${\geq}95^{th}$ percentile for gender, age, and height on ${\geq}three$ occasions. Knowing that blood pressure values increase in children as they grow older, the purposes of this study were to measure blood pressure by an oscillometric device and to determine normal values and percentile curves for children. Methods : Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice with an oscillometric device in 3,545 boys and 3,145 girls under six years of age, in Seoul. Using this data, we determined average blood pressure values and percentile curves based on gender and age; we subdivided these values into blood pressures of $50^{th}$, $90^{th}$, $95^{th}$, and $99^{th}$ percentiles, by percentile of height. The regression coefficients and standard deviations of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were obtained from linear regression models. Results : Older boys and girls had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Older boys and girls in the same percentile of height for age had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Taller boys and girls within the same age group had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Conclusion : Blood pressure standards based on gender, age, and height were obtained via an oscillometric method. Llimitation of this study is that the study population was not from the whole country, but exclusively from Seoul. Nonetheless, the data from this study will be helpful in diagnosing and managing hypertension in Korean children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.740-756
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) according to aerobic exercise characteristics in adults with hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The related researches were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and 5 domestic databases up to September 4, 2019. To estimate the effect size, random effect models were used to derive weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of aerobic exercise on BP and HR. Results: A total of 37 RCTs with 1,813 samples were included. Aerobic exercise was found to significantly reduce systolic BP (WMD, - 8.29 mmHg; 95% CI, - 10.12 to - 6.46), diastolic BP (WMD, - 5.19 mmHg; 95% CI, - 6.24 to - 4.14) and HR (WMD, - 4.22 beats/min; 95% CI, - 5.36 to -3.09). In detail, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in all groups of exercise types, frequency and duration. Systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in the moderate and vigorous-intensity group. Exercise characteristics with the most dramatical change in systolic BP were water-based training, moderate-intensity, 3 times a week and 8 to 11 weeks of duration. In diastolic BP, the greatest effect size was over 24 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic exercise, especially water-based exercise can be an important part of lifestyle modification for hypertensive patients. Also, it can be recommended in a variety of clinical settings for lowering BP and HR. However, there is insufficient evidence that low-intensity exercise is effective in lowering BP.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2000

This paper describes the analysis of the oscillometric method based on the shape of arterial pressure and proposal of a new algorithm for estimating the blood pressure by computer simulation. In the first step, the arterial pressure model which is able to control the shape of arterial pressure was designed and then we simulated the oscillometric model using both the existing exponential model showing the static arterial pressure-volume relation and the designed arterial pressure model. By analyzing the correlation of characteristic ratio based on the shape of arterial pressure, we could find that the characteristic ratio was not the only standard parameter for estimating systolic and diastolic pressure. We were able to estimate the shape of arterial pressure by computing the correlation of arterial pressure shape with oscillation shape. Finally, we proposed an algorithm which is able to estimate systolic and diastolic pressure according to pressure(Pp) table constructed from the relation of maximum amplitude of oscillation and arterial pressure shape. We tested 60 arterial pressure waveforms having various arterial pressure shape and pulse. As a results, the absolute deviation average values of the estimation of systolic, diastolic and mean pressure were 1.62%, 2.40% and 2.20%, respectively. In conclusions, the proposed algorithm showed the possibility of usefullness in estimating the blood pressure.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.825-835
• /
• 2000

The agitation of dementia patient is a factor which aggravates the care-givers' burdon, and it is needed to develop intervention methods. Hall and Buckwalter hypothesized that an increase in agitation behavior occur when persons experience high levels of stress. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of hand massage in producing relaxation and decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Hand massage was administered once a day in afternoon for 8days to 24 patients and 4days to 23 patients. There was no difference in result between the two groups. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, emotional state from pre to post -intervention with the use of hand massage. The change of systolic blood pressure was 26% explained by ADL, MMSE-K and institutionalized period. The most significant variable was institutionalized period. The change of diastolic blood pressure was 11% explained by ADL, and it was significant. But no decrease in agitation behavior was observed and no increase in functional capacity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.829-836
• /
• 1995

Ninety-one adult patients underwent three different methods of annuloplasty and compared them by the amount of tricuspid regurgitation. Group I [n=17 is Kay method, Group II [n=46 is modified Kay method and Group III [n=28 is De Vega and modified De Vega method. Preoperative and postopeative size of the liver and its function, the cardiothoracic ratio, EKG and echocardiogram were analyzed. The follow up was done for all the patients [mean 20.0$\pm$ 8.5 months . The postoperative size of the liver, the postoperative cardiothoracic ratio and the postoperative systolic pressure of the right ventricle decreased significantly compared to preoperative size, ratio and pressure [p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001 . But there were no differences between the groups. The results of annuloplasty revealed that tricuspid regurgitation improved postoperatively [p=0.0001 even though there was no statistically significant differences in relation to the methods of annuloplasty. The right ventricular systolic pressure and the amount of regurgitation decreased significantly during the postoperative period by performing 3 different methods of annuloplasty, although we could not find the differences between the three different methods.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1213-1222
• /
• 2016

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape's influence on users' physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users' mood states and may enhance their health.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.510-515
• /
• 2009

In this paper, variable characteristic ratio algorithm based on oscillometric method is proposed to enhance the accuracy of blood pressure measurement. We combined the slope-based approach and fuzzy inference technique to change the characteristic ratios of height-based method. The proposed algorithm was assessed on 255 measurements from 85 subjects and compared with the conventional height-based algorithm. The testing results showed that the developed algorithm achieved an overall grade A for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures according to the BHS protocol. And, mean standard deviation between the observers and the developed algorithm were 5.71mmHg and 6.29mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressures respectively, which also fulfilled the AAMI criteria. In conclusion, this algorithm was successfully developed and recommended for further clinical trials with the wider adult population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the specific clinical risk factors in middle-aged men with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (ALSMM). METHODS: The present research analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study of 1,564 community-dwelling participants aged between 40 to 49 years old. The participants were screened for ALSMM. The study examined various risk factors, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The risk factors of ALSMM were height, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, drinking status, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels (p < .05). The weight, triglyceride, and smoking status variables were non-significant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for ALSMM among community-dwelling adults were determined. These results are expected to contribute to the existing literature on ALSMM and provide potential risk factors associated with the development of ALSMM in middle-aged males.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 1981

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on the blood pressure of SHR in established phase. Twenty SHR at age of 23 weeks were divided into two groups; The control group and the ascorbic acid group in which 3 mg/kg/day ascorbic acid was orally administered for 10 weeks. The results obtained were as follows; 1) In the control group the systolic pressure($192.7{\pm}4.2\;mmHg$ at O week) tended to increase gradually throughout the entire experimental period. 2) In the experimental group the systolic pressure($193.5{\pm}3.5\;mmHg$ at O week) was generally lower as compared with that of control group. A significant difference in the blood pressure was observed between two groups at 3 rd and 4 th week of experimental period. Though it is impossible from the result of present study to elucidate the exact mechanism of blood pressure lowering effect of ascorbic acid, it is inferred that ascorbic acid may exert its effect at the vascular walls.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2013

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of Geumgoeshingi-whan (GGSGW) Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 on the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: SHR were injected with normal saline solution (Control-SHR group)or GGSGW Pharmacopuncture (GGSGW-SHR group) at the acupoint GV 4. The systolic arterial blood pressure and renal parameters were measured for two weeks. Results: The systolic arterial blood pressure was decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 in SHR, followed by a significant rise in creatine clearance. The plasma levels of aldosterone were decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopunctureas were the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Conclusion: These results suggest that the blood pressure was decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 in SHR and that the depressor response of the blood pressure was related to decreases in the plasma levels of aldosterone and ANP.