• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2014

Plant-based vaccines possess some advantages over other types of vaccine biotechnology such as safety, low cost of mass vaccination programs, and wider use of vaccines for medicine. This study was undertaken to develop the transgenic maize as edible vaccine candidates for humans. The immature embryos of HiII genotype were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain C58C1 containing the binary vectors (V662 or V663). The vectors carrying nptII gene as selection marker and scEDIII (V662) or wCTB-scEDIII (V663) target gene, which code EIII proteins inhibite viral adsorption by cells. In total, 721 maize immature embryos were transformed and twenty-two putative transgenic plants were regenerated after 12 weeks selection regime. Of them, two- and six-plants were proved to be integrated with scEDIII and wCTB-scEDIII genes, respectively, by Southern blot analysis. However, only one plant (V662-29-3864) can express the gene of interest confirmed by Northern blot analysis. These results demonstrated that this plant could be used as a candidated source of the vaccine production.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2021

During a project aiming to comprehensively investigate indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 20 bacterial strains phylogenetically belonging to the the class Bacilli of the phylum Firmicutes were isolated from various environmental sources such as soil, air, tidal flat, sea water, grain, wetland, breast milk and healthy human urine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that 20 bacterial strains showed the high sequence similarities (≥98.7%) to the closest type strains and formed robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species of validly published names in the class Bacilli of the phylum Firmicutes. In the present study, we report 20 species of 13 genera of seven families of two orders of one class in the phylum Firmicutes, which have not been previously reported in Korea. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolation sources, and NIBR deposit numbers of these unrecorded bacterial species are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2004

This study was done to observe the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria in terms of free chlorine residuals in two different water distribution systems, which belongs to both K and Y water treatment plant of S city in Korea. The data analyzed in the distribution systems show that the free chlorine residuals decreased from 0.10 to 0.56 mg/l for K, and 0.51 to 0.78 mg/l for Y. The decay of free chlorine is clearly higher in both March and August than in January. The HPC in the distribution systems are ranged from 0 to 40 cfu/ml for K, 0 to 270 cfu/ml for Y, on $R_2$A medium. In particular, its level is relatively high at the consumer's ground storage tanks, taps, and the point-of-end area of Y. The predominant genera that were studied in the distribution systems were Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas (branch of Pseudomonas), Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus. The diversity of heterotrophic bacteria increases in the end-point area. Most of them are either encapsulated cells or of Gram-positve cocci. In conclusion, the point-of-end area in distribution systems shows the longer flow distance from the water treatment plants, along with a greater diversity and a higher level of heterotrophic bacteria, due to the significant decay of free chlorine residuals.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.14
• /
• 2020

Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3+ subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.845-855
• /
• 2019

Synthetic biology builds programmed biological systems for a wide range of purposes such as improving human health, remedying the environment, and boosting the production of valuable chemical substances. In recent years, the rapid development of synthetic biology has enabled synthetic bacterium-based diagnoses and therapeutics superior to traditional methodologies by engaging bacterial sensing of and response to environmental signals inherent in these complex biological systems. Biosynthetic systems have opened a new avenue of disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we introduce designed synthetic bacterial systems acting as living therapeutics in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. We also discuss the safety and robustness of genetically modified synthetic bacteria inside the human body.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2018

Nano-delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanoliposomes, are carriers that have been used to enhance the chemical as well as physical stability and bioavailability of bioactive compound. Food-grade nano-delivery system can be produced with edible biopolymers including proteins and carbohydrates. In addition to the low-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of these biopolymers, their functional characteristics, such as their ability to bind hydrophobic bioactive compounds and form a gel, make them potential and ideal candidates for the fortification of bioactive compounds in functional dairy foods. This review focuses on different types of nano-delivery systems and edible biopolymers as delivery materials. In addition, the applications of food-grade nano-delivery systems to dairy foods are also described.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2011

Fibroblasts of large animals are easy to isolate and to maintain in vitro culture. Thus, these cells are extensively applied to donor cell for somatic cell nuclear transfer, and to substrate cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells after transfection of requited genes to be essentially required for direct reprogramming. However, limited mitotic activity of fibroblasts to differentiate along a terminal lineage becomes restrictive for their versatile application. Recently, commercial culture medium and systems developed for primary cells are provided by manufactures. In this study, we examined whether one of the systems developed for primary fibroblasts of human are effective on porcine ear skin fibroblasts. To this end, we performed proliferation assay after five days culture in vitro of porcine fibroblasts in medium DMEM, which is generally used for fibroblasts culture, and medium M106 for human dermal fibroblasts, supplemented with various concentrations of FBS and LSGS contained mainly growth factors, respectively. Consequence was that presence of 15% FBS and 0.1 ${\times}$ concentrations of LSGS in DMEM showed most active proliferation of porcine fibroblasts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.1428-1440
• /
• 2017

Phomopsis sp. XP-8 (an endophytic fungus) was previously found to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), a major antihypertensive compound of Tu-Chung (the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicines. In the present study, two bioconversion systems were developed for the production of PDG in Tris-HCl buffer containing glucose and Phomopsis sp. XP-8 cells (both resting and freeze-dried). When other factors remained unchanged, the bioconversion time, glucose concentration, cell ages, cell dosage, pH, temperature, and stirring speed influenced PDG production in a similar and decreasing manner after an initial increase with increasing levels for each factor. Considering the simultaneous change of various factors, the optimal conditions for PDG production were established as 70 g/l cells (8-day-old), 14 g/l glucose, $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and 180 rpm for systems employing resting cells, and 3.87 g/l cells, 14.67 g/l glucose, $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and 180 rpm for systems employing freeze-dried cells. The systems employing freeze-dried cells showed lower peak PDG production ($110.28{\mu}g/l$), but at a much shorter time (12.65 h) compared with resting cells (23.62 mg/l, 91.5 h). The specific PDG production levels were 1.92 and $24{\mu}g$ per gram cells per gram glucose for freeze-dried cells and resting cells, respectively. Both systems indicated a new and potentially efficient way to produce PDG independent of microbial cell growth.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.523-527
• /
• 2004

Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression systems were developed to pro­duce a novel human anti-angiogenic protein called LK8, an 86 amino-acid kringle fragment pro­tein with three disulfide linkages. Galactose-inducible LK8 expression plasmid was constructed, and LK8 production levels by four S. cerevisiae strains were compared in order to select an op­timal host strain. S. cerevisiae 2805 was the most efficient among the strains tested. Elevating the LK8 gene copy number through multiple integration using 8-sequences as target sites re­sulted in more than a two-fold increase in the LK8 production level compared with the plasmid­based expression system. The maximum LK8 protein concentration of 25 mg/L was obtained from batch cultivation of the yeast transformant that harbors 16 copies of the LK8 gene. In con­clusion, the strain integrated with the multiple LK8 gene secreted the protein with relatively high yield, although, the increased LK8 gene dosage over 11 copies did not lead to further en­hancement in batch cultivations.

• 한국생물공학회소식지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2004