• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

In the present study, capsaicin-induced desensitization of peripheral sensory nerves were investigated by using guinea pig bronchi, in which these nerves are stimulated with cap saicin to produce a contractile response via the release of sensory neuropeptides such as substance P and neurokinin A. The contractile response to capsaicin was inhibited by the combination of CP96345 and SR 48968 suggesting that the excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both the tachykinin NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Capsaicin produced in vitro-desensitization in dose-dependent manner, but after this in vitro-desensitization the response to NK-1 and NK-2 receptor agonist did not change. Systemic administration (s.c.) of capsaicin also desensitized significantly bronchial tissues but could not produce any change in the contractile response to the selective agonists of NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. Therefore, the present results suggest that functional desensitization to capsaicin-induced contractile response in guinea pig bronchi does not involve NK-1 and NK-2 receptor, while excitatory effect of capsaicin is mediated via both NK-1 and NK-2 receptor. In conclusion, it is suggested that capsaicin- induced excitation and desensitization involves somewhat different pathways.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and helper T (Th) cytokine-dependent autoantibody production. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of baicalin on the dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and Th cytokines in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mice were received i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane, and then, later about 3 months, were used as a pristane-induced lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice were administrated orally with baicalin 50 mg/kg once in a day for 10 days. Immune cells obtained from the pristane-primed lupus control group (lupus control) and baicalin-treated pristaneprimed lupus mouse group (BAC lupus) were cultured for 24 h or 36 h with/without mitogens. These results demonstrated that LPS-induced production of macrophage and splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and Con A-induced production of thymic IFN-${\gamma}$ were attenuated in BAC lupus compared to lupus control, while LPS-stimulated production of macrophage IL-10, Con A-stimulated production of splenic IL-10 and, $PGE_2$-reduced production of splenic IFN-${\gamma}$ enhanced. Therefore, these findings suggest that baicalin may protect from autoimmunity and disease activity in lupus via modulatory effect of proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and Th cytokine imbalance.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-98
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine effect of incivility, resilience, and social support experienced by nursing students on burnout in clinical practice. Methods: Subjects were 140 nursing students who agreed to participate in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results: Burnout showed significantly positive correlation with incivility but significantly negative correlations with resilience and social support. Factors affecting burnout were satisfaction with major-dissatisfaction, satisfaction with major-average, social support, grade, and relationship with peers. Satisfaction with major (dissatisfaction) had the greatest effect on burnout, explaining 41% of the total variance. Conclusion: According to this study, dissatisfaction with major was identified as the most significant factor influencing burnout of nursing students in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to develop and implement programs that can reduce dissatisfaction with major and increase social support and relationship with peers in order to lower burnout of nursing students. In addition, a systemic management of fourth-grade students with a high level of clinical practice is necessary to reduce the level of clinical practice. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the oral health status on risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using data from the 2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Of a total of 2,422 persons, 1,295 and 1,127 were categorized into the control group (CG) and OSA risk group (OSARG), respectively. The effect of the oral health status on OSA risk factors was presented in Model 1 by performing a complex sample linear regression analysis. Results: Our findings showed that OSA risk factors decreased by 0.075 points when there were no speaking problems with demographic characteristics adjusted. In addition, when systemic diseases were adjusted for, OSA risk factors decreased to 0.074 points (p<0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, in order to reduce oral problems that affect OSA risk factors, dentists and dental hygienists should seek accurate recognition of OSA and effective oral care methods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.600-612
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• 1996

Background : Recent studies deported that untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had high long-term mortality rates, and cardiovascular complications of these patients clad a major effect on mortality. Several data indicates that obstructive sheep apnea syndrome contributes to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension. But the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of systemic hypertension in these patients is still uncertain. This study was performed to evaluate the possible role of sympathetic nervous system activity for the development of systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Method : 35 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and 13 Control subjects(control) were included in this study. 21 patients of OSAS were normotensives(OSAS-NBP), and 14 patients of OSAS were hypertensives(OSAS-HBP). Full night polysomnography was undertaken to all subjects. We measured plasma norepinephrine(NE) and epinephrine(EP) concentrations during waking and sleep, using high performance liquid chromatography, in all patients and control subjects. Results : In OSAS, OSAS-NBP and control, plasma NE and EP concentrations during sleep were lowed than during waking(p<0.01). But, in OSAS-HBP, these was no difference between during waking and sleep. Plasma NE concentrations during sleep of OSAS, OSAS-NBP and OSAS-HBP were higher than Control(p<0.05). In OSAS-HBP, daytime systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma NE concentration during sleep(r=0.7415, p<0.01), arid correlated inversely with mean arterial oxygen saturation(r=-0.6465, p<0.05) or arterial oxygen saturation nadir(r=-0.6) 14, p<0.05) during sleep. Conclusion : The sympathetic activity during sleep of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients was higher than control subjects. In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with systemic hypertension, there was no diurnal variation of sympathetic activity, and there was correlation between daytime systolic blood pressure and sympathetic activity during sleep. These data suggests that chronic hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 1995

6-[(N-4-Chlorophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK20) was tested for antifungal activities, in vivo, against Candida albicans. RCK20 was compared vath ketoconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of systemic infection with Candida albicans in normal rats. The therapeutic potential of RCK20 had been assessed by evaluating their activities (survival rate) against systemic infections with in normal mice with Candida albicans. RCK20 improved survival rates as well as ketokonazole. RCK20 had ED$_{50}$. 0.25$\pm$0.18 mg/kg but ketoeonazole and fluconazole had ED$_{50}$, 8.00$\pm$0.73, 10$\pm$0.43 mg/kg respectively. Activities of RCK20 showed superior to that of ketoconazole and fluconazole. Intraperitoneauy administered RCK20 at the ED$_{50}$, 0.25 mg/kg for 7days and 14days reduced Candida albicans colony count in the kidneys and livers as well as ketoconazole and fluconazole at these ED$_{50}$, 8.00 and 10 mg/kg. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK20 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK20 were low and LD$_{50}$ values were over 2.850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The Genotoxicities of RCK20 had been evaluated. RCK20 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100). The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK20 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK20 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK20 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental condition.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative survival rates of the implants placed into grafted sinus and determine the effect of age, gender, smoking, and systemic disease on the implant cumulative survival rates. Materials and Methods : The retrospective study was performed on 51 implants placed in 26 patients by one dentist at the Dental Implant Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital in the years 2000-2010. The cumulative survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differences within the factors were analyzed using log-rank test and the correlations between the factors and implant survival rates were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. Results : 1. Among the total of 51 implants placed in 26 patients, 7 implants failed and 44 implants remained stable. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 92%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. 2. Patients in their 50s and in their 70s showed statistically significant difference in the cumulative survival rates (P < 0.05). Gender and the existence of systemic disease did not show significant results. 3. In the implant treatment, smokers showed 7.5 times higher risk of implant failure than non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implants installed in combination with sinus elevation can be considered as a reliable treatment method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-343
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• 2009

A 3-year-old, intact female Poong-san dog was presented with a 4-month history of erosive, erythematous dermatitis unresponsive to systemic antibiotics and glucocorticoids. Crust, erosion, and alopecia were noted on the ear pinnae, bridge of nose, and forelimb. Cytological evaluation of intact pustules showed isolated free-floating rounded acantholytic keratinocytes admixed with non-degenerated neutrophils and eosinophils. Results of histopathologic examination revealed the intra-epidermal pustules with predominant neutrophils, less eosinophils, and isolated and clustered acantholytic cells. A diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) was made based on the history, clinical, cytological and histopathological results. The skin lesions had improved after systemic cyclosporine therapy. This case report demonstrates that cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive agent, can be used in the management of PF in dogs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.828-841
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• 1988

To predict the postoperative hemodynamic status of right ventricle preoperatively, a retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the influence of pulmonary artery size on postoperative right ventricular pressure in 32 consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent total correction between July, 1987 to June, 1988 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. We have related the ratio of the postrepair peak systolic pressure in the right ventricle and the systemic systolic arterial pressure[PRV/Ao] to the preoperative cineangiographic measurement of pulmonary arterial tree, expressed as pulmonary artery index[PAI], the ratio of diameter of the right pulmonary artery to diameter of ascending aorta[r.PA/A.Ao], the ratio of right and left pulmonary artery to diameter of descending aorta[r.I.PA/D.Ao] There was tendency that the postrepair PRV/Ao seems to be related to the preoperative diameter of right and left pulmonary artery, but there were no statistically significant correlation with PAI, r.PA/A.Ao, r.l.PA/D. Ao to the ratio of the postoperative peak systolic right ventricular pressure and systemic systolic arterial pressure[PRV/Ao]. There was tendency to decrease the postoperative right ventricular pressure[PRV/Ao] about 11.2%[P < 0.025] within several hours than immediately after repair, but after then, there was no change of right ventricular pressure[PRV/Ao] significantly. There was good correlation of pressure change between the immediate and late postrepair right ventricular pressure[48 hour], and the derived linear regression line was; y=0.68534 0.1994[r=0.57294, P < 0.001]. There was no operative death due to residual high right ventricular pressure[PRV/Ao >0.75] related to hypoplastic pulmonary arterial development, thus we expect, for symptomatic patients even infants, that complete repair can be attempted when the pulmonary artery index[PAI] is over 108mm2/BSA, RPA/AAo is over 0.35, RPA LPA/D. Ao is over 1.36.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-121
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• 1984

The bioavailability of rifampicin (brand A, B and C) was studied and the dissolution by foamed plastic rotating method and basket rotating method was also investigated. The results were as follows; 1. In the case of foamed plastic rotating method, it was revealed that dissolution rate of brand C was most rapid, but in the case of basket rotating method the results revealed that brand B was most rapid. Also it was observed that the dissolution rate in artificial gastric juice was more rapid than one in artificial intestinal juice, and that Avicel added in capsule increased additively the dissolution rate, particulary brand B. 2. Relative systemic availability by urine data showed that the results from all capsules filled with brand A, B and C were identical but in the case of the ripamficin capsules filled with Avicel, the results showed that Avicel increased the availability of brand A and B. 3. Area under serum concentration curve $(0{\sim}8hrs)$ was in order of $brand\;A{\fallingdotseq}brand\;C$ > brand B, but Avicel increased significantly the AUC of brand B and showed no effect in others. 4. Relative systemic availability calculated with excreted amount of rifampicin in urine was similar in each rifampicin capsules. In rifampicin (A) and rifampicin (B), Avicel which added in capsules appeared increasing tendency in urine excretion of rifampicin, but in rifampicin (C) it did not appeared. 5. Area under serum concentration curve $(0{\sim}8hrs)$ in rifampicin capsules was in order of $rifampicin(A){\fallingdotseq}rifampicin(C)$>rifampicin(B). In rifampicin (B) with Avicel capsules, area under serum concentration curve (0-8hrs.) increased significantly and in others insignificantly.