• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

본 연구는 우리나라에서 연구된 의미요법의 스트레스 감소 효과에 관한 문헌을 체계적으로 살펴보고 의미요법의 특성과 스트레스 감소 효과를 분석하기 위하여 실시되었다. 2020년 4월까지 국내에서 출판된 연구논문과 미출판 학위논문 중 스트레스 감소를 목적으로 한 의미요법 연구를 검색하였다. 두 명의 연구자가 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria를 사용하여 비뚤림 위험과 연구의 질평가를 수행하였다. 국내 학술 데이터베이스 7개를 사용하여 검색한 결과, 최종 선정된 논문은 7편이었다. 7편의 의미요법은 전 연령층을 대상으로 시행한 것이었고 5편의 연구에서 의미요법이 스트레스 감소에 효과적이라는 결과를 보고하였다. 단일중재와 병합중재 모두 스트레스 감소에 효과적이나 단일중재보다 의미요법에 기반한 병합중재가 더 많이 실시되고 있었다. 효과가 유의하지 않았던 연구는 시험과 진학 스트레스 특성을 반영하지 못한 것이었다. 향후 수험생의 스트레스 관리에 적합한 의미요법을 개발할 필요가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1979

An experomental study on drg reduction in the rough tubes is presunted using the drrective drag reducing proymer solutions. The friction factors of the rough tubes follow the maximum drag reduction asymptote for the lower Reynolds numbers in the turbulent flow. However, as the Reynols number is increased the rougher tube results deviate from the maximum drag rduction asymptote sooner than the less rough tube results. There appears a systematic deviation from the maximum drag reduction asymptote depending on the relative roughness just as friction factors for the Newtonian hluid inthe rough tubes exhibit in the turbulent region. The minor loss results inthe various fittings such as elbows, tees, and gate valves are presunted The fittings show higher values of the loss coefficient in the drag reducing polymer solutions than in the Newtonian fluid, which is quite contrary to the drag reduction phenomenon in the straight tubes. The eqivalent length of the fittings for the drag reducing polymer solutions is many times longer than that for Newtonian fluids due to the increase of the loss coefficient and the decrease of the friction factor. It is speculated that the solid-like behavior of the polymer solutions in the abruptly changing folw passage plays a significant role in increasing the loss coefficient.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2020

Background: Corticosteroids have been widely used by oral surgeons for reducing swelling caused by wisdom teeth surgery. However, they have not been proven to decrease pain. This study was aimed at analyzing previous studies pertaining to corticosteroids and pain reduction following wisdom teeth surgery. Methods: The Science Direct, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant journals according to a systematic search strategy (Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome Study). Randomized controlled trials published in English from 1998 to 2017 were extracted. Results: Twenty-seven articles were included, with a total of 36 comparative cases. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone were the most commonly used corticosteroids. Intramuscular injections of corticosteroids were optimal for pain reduction, regardless of the time of administration. Conclusions: Corticosteroids can be used as an adjuvant for pain reduction following wisdom teeth surgery. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone delivered via the intramuscular route is the best method for effective pain reduction. The ideal time for administration of corticosteroids is the preoperative period.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.144-157
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• 2021

Brake Horse Power (BHP) reduction ratios by air injection to the underside of the hull surface in an actual ship are predicted using an unstructured finite-volume CFD solver and compared with the sea trial results. In addition, air lubrication system installed on the existing vessel is investigated to find a good solution for additional drag reduction. As a results, it is found that the thickness of the air layer should be minimized within a stable range while securing the area covered by the air layer as much as possible. Furthermore, the amount of frictional drag reduced by air injection is found to be independent of surface roughness and still effective on rough surface. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that systematic and reliable air lubrication system can be designed and evaluated using the proposed method.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2004

Alcohol consumption is a major source of health problems, for example, alchol consumption is related to liver diseases. In addition, the social and economic costs related to alcohol consumption are enormous. This study was conducted to evaluate the current status and influencing factors related to the recognition and behavioral intention for both drinking and alcohol-reduction programs. Three effective alcohol-reduction programs of clinic program, mass education, and alliance were considered. To explain the health behavior for drinking and alcohol-reduction programs, a five-stage behavioral intention model was built and 500 questionnaires were completed through a telephone survey. Stages of the model composed of recognition of the programs, past experiences, present drinking status, intention for drinking, and behavioral intention for alcohol-reduction programs. As a result, recognition rates of the programs were low in general, therefore the strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement need to be pursued. The alcohol dependency resulted in the fact that success rate was 30％ although trial rate of alcohol-reducing was 23％. The necessity of alcohol-reduction programs were suggested. In addition, significant factors related to the intention for alcohol-reducing were individual attitude and reluctancy to pay their time and money. An insignificant factor was the attitude to their alcohol-reduction by other people. Behavioral intention rates for alcohol-reducing clinics were 4％, and those for mass education were 8％. There were very low purchase rates for clinic program, mass education, and alliance. In conclusion, evidenced-based and effective alcohol-reduction programs need to be encouraged to drinkers by medical doctors, and the strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement are also recommended. In addition, continuing legal and systematic support for alcohol-reducing would lower the drinking rate and ultimately contribute to the nation's health promotion.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2017

Elevated water tanks are considered as important structures due to its post-earthquake requirements. Elevated water tank on reinforced concrete frame staging is widely used in India. Different response reduction factors depending on ductility of frame members are used in seismic design of frame staging. The study on appropriateness of response reduction factor for reinforced concrete tank staging is sparse in literature. In the present paper a systematic study on estimation of key components of response reduction factors is presented. By considering the various combinations of tank capacity, height of staging, seismic design level and design response reduction factors, forty-eight analytical models are developed and designed using relevant Indian codes. The minimum specified design cross section of column as per Indian code is found to be sufficient to accommodate the design steel. The strength factor and ductility factor are estimated using results of nonlinear static pushover analysis. It was observed that for seismic design category 'high' the strength factor has lesser contribution than ductility factor, whereas, opposite trend is observed for seismic design category 'low'. Further, the effects of staging height and tank capacity on strength and ductility factors for two different seismic design categories are studied. For both seismic design categories, the response reduction factors obtained from the nonlinear static analysis is higher than the code specified response reduction factors. The minimum dimension restriction of column is observed as key parameter in achieving the desired performance of the elevated water tank on frame staging.

• 전기의세계
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1977

This study is to present a method for reductin of noise and vibration of home electric motors coupled to the mechanical load causing relatively big amplitude of vibration. The noise and vibration factors have been analysed in the divisions such as the pattern related to the armature reaction, the pattern related to the circulating current by induction and the other patterns those are affected by a dditive magnetic field and have an effect on mechanical constants. From the systematic mutual relations between the patterns and daping effects, it is possible to derive the fundamental measure for reduction of noise and vibration. Vibration measurements and analysis were carried out in accordance with the planned experimentation and thre object model was chosen randomly from the production line in a factory where home electric machines were mass-produced. Based on the above-mentioned fundamental measure, suppression effects on noise and vibration have been analysed according to the number of slots, the amount of rotor skew and the way the stator winding connection was series or parallel.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.15
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of final irrigation with cold saline solution after endodontic treatment compared with saline solution at room temperature against postoperative pain following endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A broad search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (LILACS), and Grey Literature databases. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction, risk of bias using the Cochrane methodology, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: Eight studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Intracanal cryotherapy favored the reduction of postoperative pain in the systematic review. Four studies were included in meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that intracanal cryotherapy reduced postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) at 24 hours. There was no association between intracanal cryotherapy and control (room temperature) groups in teeth with normal periapical tissue with respect to postoperative pain at 24 hours and 48 hours. Conclusions: Intracanal cryotherapy was effective in reducing postoperative pain after endodontic treatment in teeth with SAP.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban street trees play an important role in carbon reduction in cities where greenspace is scarce. There are ongoing studies on carbon reduction by street trees. However, information on the carbon reduction capacity of street trees based on field surveys is still limited. This study aimed to quantify carbon uptake and storage by urban street trees and suggest a method to improve planting of trees in order to increase their carbon reduction capacity. Methods: The cities selected were Sejong, Chungju, and Jeonju among cities without research on carbon reduction, considering the regional distribution in Korea. In the cities, 155 sample sites were selected using systematic sampling to conduct a field survey on street environments and planting structures. The surveyed data included tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at root collar (DRC), height, crown width, and vertical structures. The carbon uptake and storage per tree were calculated using the quantification models developed for the urban trees of each species. Results: The average carbon uptake and storage of street trees were approximately 7.2 ± 0.6 kg/tree/yr and 87.1 ± 10.2 kg/tree, respectively. The key factors determining carbon uptake and storage were tree size, vertical structure, the composition of tree species, and growth conditions. The annual total carbon uptake and storage were approximately 1,135.8 tons and 22,737.8 tons, respectively. The total carbon uptake was about the same amount as carbon emitted by 2,272 vehicles a year. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing the basic unit to quantify carbon uptake and storage of street trees based on field surveys. To improve the carbon reduction capacity of street trees, it is necessary to consider planning strategies such as securing and extending available grounds and spaces for high-density street trees with a multi-layered structure.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.325-343
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• 2018

This study aims to propose a performance-based design method of a novel passive base isolation system, BIO isolation system, which is inspired by an energy dissipation mechanism called 'sacrificial bonds and hidden length'. Fragility functions utilized in this study are derived, indicating the probability that a component, element, or system will be damaged as a function of a single predictive demand parameter. Based on PEER framework methodology for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE), a systematic design procedure using performance and fragility objectives is presented. Base displacement, superstructure absolute acceleration and story drift ratio are selected as engineering demand parameters. The new design method is then performed on a general two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure model and the optimal design under different seismic intensities is obtained through numerical analysis. Seismic performances of the biologically inspired (BIO) isolation system are compared with that of the linear isolation system. To further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, the BIO isolation system of a 4-storey reinforced concrete building is designed and investigated. The newly designed BIO isolators effectively decrease the superstructure responses and base displacement under selected earthquake excitations, showing good seismic performance.