• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2016

Modern livestock production became highly intensive and large scaled to increase production efficiency. This production environment could add stressors affecting the health and growth of animals. Major stressors can include environment (air quality and temperature), nutrition, and infection. These stressors can reduce growth performance and alter immune systems at systemic and local levels including the gastrointestinal tract. Heat stress increases the permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in the gut. Nutritional stress from fasting, antinutritional compounds, and toxins induces the leakage and destruction of the tight junction proteins in the gut. Fasting is shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas deoxynivalenol increases the recruitment of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and the level of lymphocytes in the gut. Pathogenic and viral infections such as Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus can lead to loosening the intestinal epithelial barrier. On the other hand, supplementation of Lactobacillus or Saccharaomyces reduced infectious stress by ETEC. It was noted that major stressors altered the permeability of intestinal barriers and profiles of genes and proteins of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in mucosal system in pigs. However, it is not sufficient to fully explain the mechanism of the gut immune system in pigs under stress conditions. Correlation and interaction of gut and systemic immune system under major stressors should be better defined to overcome aforementioned obstacles.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1999

No-till direct-sown rice-wheat relaying cropping system has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating tillage and preparation of seed bed and transplanting. In this system, rice sowing was done simultaneously wheat harvesting. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of no-till years on soil microbial changes and soil physico-chemical characteristics with rice growth and development. Chemical fertilizers and agricultrual chemicals was not applied in no-till system. As the year in no-till direct-sown system the air permeability was increased and after water submerging soluble nitrogen was released Aerobic microbial-n was highest in May and then decreased after water irrigation. The population of aerobic soil microorganisms were steeply decreased after water submerging Soil microorganisms was decreased with the increased the soil depth. A month was needed for the seedling establishment in a no-tillage rice-wheat cropping system. Increased cropping years improved leaf greenness and leaf area index(LAI). But stomatal conductance(Gc) was higher in conventional cultivation system than no-till system. Stomatal conductance at panicle initiation stage was increased higher in conventional condition of leaves but the difference between conventional and no-till system was increased at heading stage. In no-till 4 years condition rice grain yield was spikelet numbers per panicle.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

토양의 유류오염복원에 가장 널리 사용되어지는 Bioslurping system은 Pump and Treatment (P&T), Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE), 그리고 Bioventing (BV) 공정을 복합한 지중(in-situ) 복원기술이라 할 수 있다 그러나 Bioslurping system은 비휘발성 유기물질, 난분해성 유기물질을 처리에 어려움을 가지고 있어 이를 보완할 수 있는 Modified Fenton 반응을 이용한 Hybrid process system의 동시처리 가능성을 실험하였다. 디젤로 오염된 사질토양복 원에 있어서 SVE 공정에 의한 복원과정에서 디젤 제거율이 진공압에 비례하여 증가하였으나 토양에 강하게 흡착된 디젤 성분중의 비휘발성 물질처리에는 한계가 있음을 나타내었다. 또한 지표면과 지하에서 제거 효율의 차이를 나타냄으로서 지표면 또는 추출정과 거리가 멀어질수록 SVE 공정의 효율이 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며 이는 원통형반 응기에서 공기의 흐름이 반구형태로 유도되는 것에 기인한다고 판단된다. Modified Fenton 반응과의 생물학적 화학적 Co-oxidation을 이용한 디젤의 처리의 경우에는 Modified Fenton 반응의 효율이 낮게 나타나 0.1% (wt) 과산화수소가 존재함에 있어서도 92.8%의 높은 디젤분해능을 나타냄으로서 과산화수소가 유류분해 미생물에 산소원으로 사용될 수 있는 것은 확인하였으나 Co-oxidation의 가능성이 현저하게 떨어지는 것으로 보인다. Modified Fenton 반응에서 철 착체물로서 NTA를 사용했을 때가 EDTA를 사용했을 때보다 더 높은 효율을 갖는 것과 괴산화수소의 농도가 높아지면서 Modified Fenton 반응의 효율도 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 대표적인 방향족, 지방족 화합물 (aromatic, aliphatic compound)인 toluene, hexadecane을 오염원으로 한 Modified Fenton 반응에서 상대적으로 지방 족 화합물의 상대적 안정성으로 인하여 그 효율이 방향족 화합물에 비해 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 디젤을 오염물로 사용하였을 경우, 최소 10% 이상의 과산화수소에서 그 효율을 나타내어 Bioslurping system에 의한 처리 후 토양에 잔존하는 디젤의 Modified Fenton 반응 공정을 이용한 복원기술의 복합화 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2004

파일럿 규모의 유리화플랜트에서 일련의 시험을 통해 고온 세라믹 캔들 필터 시스템의 주요 운전 변수 및 성능을 평가하였다. 실증 시험결과 매 시험초기에는 필터 표면 먼지층(Dust cake)의 생성으로 인해 필터 매질에 걸리는 차압이 급격히 상승하였다. 그런 다음 차압은 곧 일정한 범위에서 안정되었고, 표면유속(Face velocity)에 비례하여 계속적으로 변화하였다. 이와 반대로, 필터 투과율(Permeability)은 매시험 초기에 급격히 감소하였다. 필터표면 먼지의 역세정은 공기압 3～5 bar범위 일때 효율적이었다. 필터 입구 및 출구에서 동시에 등속으로 채취한 먼지농도를 바탕으로 필터의 먼지 포집율(Dust collection efficiency)을 평가한 결과 필터 성능은 설계값인 99.9%과 같은 것으로 나타났다. 100시간의 장기시험을 포함한 일련의 실증시험을 수행하는 동안 고온 필터 시스템의 성능에 영향을 주는 특별한 문제점은 발견되지 않았다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2018

균열 자기치유 소재는 균열발생 시점부터 노출환경 조건에 따라 활성화되기 때문에 치유성능과 균열면의 노출환경 조건과의 관계 규명이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자기치유형 보수 모르타르의 치유성능에 노출환경 조건이 미치는 영향을 투수시험을 통하여 조사하였다. 균열시험체의 초기 균열폭에 대한 온도 및 습도의 영향을 조사한 결과, 양생온도의 영향은 미미하였으나, 건습변화에 의해서는 균열닫힘 현상이 발생하고 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 자기치유형 보수 모르타르 시험체의 균열부위에서 생성된 치유물질은 calcite 광물로 확인되었다. 밀도가 높은 calcite 광물은 중력의 영향을 받아 침강하기 때문에, 균열면의 방향에 따라 치유성능에 다소 차이를 나타냈으며, 또한 대기노출 조건보다 습윤노출 조건에서 치유성능이 크게 향상되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

An experimental study was conducted on the thermal conductivity of various grouting materials for geothermal heat exchanger which is used as a heat sink or source in the heat pump system. The grouting of the vertical heat exchanger is important for environmental and heat transfer reasons and is generally accomplished by the placement of a low permeability material into the annular space between the borehole wall and the pipes suspended in the borehole. In this study, a lab scale test apparatus was made and measured the thermal conductivity of four grouting materials. As a result, the temperature rising tendency was similar among them, but the increasing rate was different. Thus the thermal conductivity showed a maximum difference of $27\%$ among grouting materials.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.228-238
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chacteristics of knit fabrics on the microclimate of the skin simulating system. To determine the effect of characteristics of knit fabrics, vapor state of sweat pulse was simulated in the closed system. Different contents of fibers such as cotton, wool and polyester with different yarn size and knit types were chosen for specimens. The changes of humidity and temperature of air layer in the simulated systems were measured. Buffering indices, $K_d$ and $\beta_r$, were determined by considering $\alpha_p, \DeltaP_{max}, t_{max}, and tan\beta$. Physical properties of knit fabrics such as thickness, porosity, air resistance and moisture vapor transport were measured. Results showed that vapor pressure of wool was lower than cotton or polyester This was attributed to the hydrophilicity of wool which absorbed moisture rather quickly and retained in the knit fabric. The time to decrease vapor pressure was faster for polyester than cotton or wool. As a result, $K_d$ was in the order of wool> polye, item> cotton. $\beta_r$ of wool was rower than cotton or polyester due to its lowers porosity and slower desorption rate. For the yarn size, $K_d$ was in the order of 80's> 60's> 30's; thinner and lighter yarn showed better water vapor transport property. For knit type, buffering capacity of single jersey was better than interlock knit fabric. Statistical analysis showed that the air permeability was the most influential factor far the water vapor transport properties.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1981

In this study, the effect of additions on magnetic properties in the system of [$Ni_{0.32}Zn_{0.68}$] 1-x Mx $Fe_2O_4$ have been investigated. The additions, Co or Mg or Cu, was added in turn in place of M, and its composition was varied from 0.1 mo1% to 0.5 mo1%. The materials were blended by hot petroleum drying method, and sintered with the rate of 30$0^{\circ}C$/h in the air. The sintering temperatures were varied from 110$0^{\circ}C$ to 130$0^{\circ}C$, with the intervals of 5$0^{\circ}C$, and matured for 3hrs. The results are: 1) The permeability decreased when the addition, MgO or CoO, was added, and it increased when CuO was added. 2) Resistivity had the lowest Value when CuO was added.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.816-825
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• 1998

This study surveys the thermal property and air permeability to the weight reduction rate of PET fabrics. For this purpose, 12 kinds of satin and 18 kinds of plain weave fabrics are prepared with change of the physical properties such as weft yarn count, t.p.m. and density. The weight reduction rate was 0%, 12%, 25% and 30%. The warm/cool feeling(Qmax), thermal insulating value(T.I.V.) and thermal conductivity(K) were measured by KES-F7 System and discussed in relation with the weight reduction rate, weft yarn linear density, t.p.m., weft density of fabric and weave structure.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Helium-oxygen plasma treatments were conducted to modify poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PIT) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) warp knitted fabrics under atmospheric pressure. Lubricant and contamination removals by plasma etching effect were examined by weight loss $(\%)$ measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Surface oxidation by plasma treatments was revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, resulting in formation of hydrophilic groups and moisture regain $(\%)$ enhancement. Low-stress mechanical properties (evaluated by Kawabata evaluation system) and bulk properties (air permeability and bust strength) were enhanced by plasma treatment. Increasing interfiber and interyarn frictions might play important roles in enhancing surface property changes by plasma etching effect, and then changing low-stress mechanical properties and bulk properties for both fabrics.