• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2013

Purpose: Technology readiness assessment(TRA) used as a standard readiness assessment tool in the acquisition program of weapon system has some limitations in the comprehensive understanding of the complex system. Therefore, this research is intended to suggest a holistic maturity assessment method for the acquisition of high quality weapon system. Methods: Technology readiness level(TRL), manufacturing readiness level(MRL), integration readiness level(IRL) and system readiness level(SRL) developed to assess system maturities in the various aspects are compared and analyzed to draw an improvement avenue for the current readiness assessment method. Results: TRL, MRL, IRL and SRL have large differences in their maturity targets during the acquisition life cycle: technological performance, manufacturing capability, interface between components and total system, respectively. They complement one another's shortcomings Conclusion: To achieve a successful acquisition of high quality weapon system, multi-dimensional readiness assessment is required. Therefore, comprehensive readiness assessment using TRL, MRL, IRL and SRL will contribute to the acquisition of high quality weapon system through the accurate maturity information of overall system.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

Technology transition from defense technology to weapon system is an important process for defense acquisition program. Many countries such as USA, UK, Australia and Republic of Korea use technology readiness level (TRL) as a tool for technology transition by identifying critical technology elements (CTEs) and assessing the technology maturity. In this paper we review a transition process for the defense acquisition. Then we suggest a method to evaluate system's TRL using each component TRL and integration readiness level (IRL) between each technologies. We apply the method to an ACTD project. A result show that technology maturity is influenced by integration between technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2009

Recently, request far application of advanced commercial technology to the defense acquisition process, to reduce the budget and shorten development time, has been increased. To accomplish these goals, the Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration(ACTD) is used for the defense acquisition process in Korea. And User Utility Assessment is tested to make a decision for transition to acquisition process. But this process does not include measurement of technology maturity and impacts of interface and interaction among the technologies. In this research, we propose the needs of measurement of TRL and IRL and application of SRL to reduce the risk during development phase, to understand the relations of technologies, and to fulfill the requirement far transition of the ACTD project to system development and demonstration process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.835-843
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• 2017

The Technology Readiness Assessment(TRA) has the advantage of identifying immature technologies in promoting weapon system research and development project. However, a more diverse set of information is required for the determination of phase shift and technical risk management for weapons system R&D projects. In this paper, we investigate the various indexes the various indexes proposed to overcome the limitations of the Technology Readiness Level(TRL) and analyze the possibility of applying to the actual weapons system R&D projects. Based on the analysis, it was possible to provide additional information that could not be presented in TRA using technical risk indexes other than TRL, confirming that it could be used for technical risk management for weapons system R&D projects.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2014

Purpose: Simple part or equipment is necessary TRA(Technology Readiness Assessment) or MRA(Manufacturing Readiness Assessment). But sole maturity like TRA, MRA has limit complex systems or SoS(System of System). Especially complex weapon system need from the System Maturity Point of view. This research shows necessity of SRA(System Readiness Assessment). Methods: In case of complex systems, it is essential to SRA(System Readiness Assessment). For the purpose of calculating SRL(System Readiness Level), TRL and IRL must be calculated. And then SRL can obtain know from equation of TRL and IRL. To prove SRA effectiveness, it is calculated SRL of JTDLS(Joint Tactical DataLink System) programs. Results: SRA procedure is proposed and case study shows as examples of JTDLS programs. Although result of TRA is TRL6, result of SRA is not 0.6. From this research, we can know necessity of SRA. Especially complex systems or SoS(System of System) is essential to SRA. Conclusion: SRA(System Readiness Assessment) is required to overcome limitation of sole maturity and to achieve a successful acquisition of high quality weapon system. This research intended to suggest SRA procedure and case study in complex defense system.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

In this study, the effective technology readiness assessment (TRA) method for system development project is suggested. We analyze the domestic and foreign TRA practice and derive the new idea to resolve the problems found from the analysis. Domestic and foreign organizations develop and use checklist for the precise TRA, but the checklist has some problems in type of questions and analysis of assessment. TRA method using the original TRL definition or the checklist should be selected depending on the project characteristic. Questions of the checklist should be classified into critical or non-critical according to their importance. Finally, Test and evaluation master plan (TEMP) in system engineering process can provide an obvious criteria to assess technology readiness level (TRL) of critical technology elements (CTE) composing the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

During the industrial plant system life cycle, required technologies are developed and assessed to analyze their performance, risks and costs. The assessment is called technology readiness assessment (TRA) and the measure of readiness is called technology readiness level (TRL). The TRL consists of 9 levels and through the TRL assessment, the technology to be developed and its components are assigned to their appropriate TRL. TRL assessment should be performed in each life cycle stages to monitor the technology readiness and analyze the potential risks and costs. However, even though the concept of TRL has been largely adopted by numerous organizations and industry, direct and clear assignment of target TRL for each life cycle stage has been overlooked. Direct mapping/assignment of target TRL for each life cycle has benefits as follow: (1) the technical risks condition of each life cycle stage can be better understood, (2) cost incurred if the technology development is failed can be analyzed in each life cycle stage, and (3) more effective decision making because the technology readiness achievement for each life cycle stages is agreed beforehand. In this paper, we propose a steel-making plant system life cycle and TRL assignment to each of the system life cycle stage. By directly assigning target TRL for each life cycle stages, we look forward to a more coordinated (in terms of exit criteria) and highly effective (in terms of technical risks identification and eventually prevent project failure) technology development and assessment processes.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.608-615
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• 2013

The major countries including Korea extend the national investment on R&D and implement the business performance diffusion policy as the knowledge based competition age arrives recently. The necessity for risk management and systematic management system for R&D achievement have been appeared to prevent the failure as the R&D scale becomes larger as it was said. For this matter, the organization such as NASA and DoD in USA defines the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) as a quantitative accomplishment management index and utilize the Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) system as a criterion. Such tool is evaluated as very effective in the R&D project purposed the practicalization. It is expected that the disadvantage of evaluation system which is oriented to the academic accomplishment in its contents of current research and to contribute greatly to the practicalization of outcomes when such technology readiness level concept is applied to Korean national construction and transportation R&D project. Accordingly, this study analyzed the concept of TRL·TRA, the characteristics and current evaluation management system of Korean national construction and transportation R&D project and suggested the construction and transportation R&D project TRL·TRA performance model to accomplish the practicalization purpose.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2018

The usage level of SMEs' win-win payment system is still lower than originally expected. In order to find the answer, we studied SMEs' usage performance of win-win payment system and analyzed the influencing factors of SMEs' usage level of win-win payment system. This study found that the more SMEs utilize win-win payment system, the higher they achieve the desired performance in finance, customer, process, learning and growth perspective. And this study found that usage level of win-win payment system is high in order of large corporations' pressure, government policy, and SMEs' readiness. This study is expected to improve win-win growth by increasing usage level of win-win payment system between large corporations and SMEs, while establishing desirable ecosystems.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to support SMEs' introduction of smart factories during the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution era. Through this study, we developed the readiness assessment framework for SMEs. This study draws practical implications for improving the readiness of SMEs to introduce smart factories. Methods: Readiness Assessment Framework Design method, Case Studies Analysis Results: This study identified SMEs suitable for smart factories and identified key issues for nonconforming companies. And the diagnostic framework has been determined whether it works in a real-life SME environment. Conclusion: In order to succeed in the smart factory deployment, readiness assessment for SMEs should be performed as necessary. Prior to the introduction of smart factories, quality innovation activities should be carried out according to factory level.