• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2018

This study was carried out to offer basic data that can be used for outdoor wear production for active senior males, emerging as a new consumer bracket in the era of rapid aging. To this end, this study modified and complemented the patterns of outdoor jackets for active senior males based on existing outdoor jackets that received the most excellent evaluation. On the basis of the research outdoor wear wearing assessment results, this study confirmed those areas to be modified and proposed areas to be considered in manufacturing outdoor wear for this demographic. As a result of existing outdoor wear's wearing assessment, the jacket of brand B was shown to be the most excellent one. This study actually designed research outdoor wear patterns by modifying the problematic parts through the addition and subtraction of spare length or circumference in the sections where fit satisfaction was low by referring to the selected brands' patterns. The research outdoor wear was designed by referring to the preferred outdoor types and colors that were highlighted in the previous survey result of consumer wearing reality, based on the designs of the outdoor wear receiving the most excellent assessment in wearing assessment. Fabric that specially glued two-layered mesh that bonded the thin membrane of synthetic resin with polyester fabric was used as the material in this study. Wearing assessment was conducted by comparing the manufactured research outdoor wear and the existing outdoor wear selected as excellently assessed outdoor wear. Consequently, this study verified that the wearing fit of the research outdoor wear was more excellent in most items. This study proposed final patterns for outdoor jackets suitable for active senior males through the modification of several items that required improvements as per the wearing assessment of the research outdoor wear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.598-602
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• 2004

In the preparation of jam using Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, effects of food ingredients to the jam rheology were investigated. The paste was prepared by crushing the sporophyll using chopper and homogenizer with 2.5 times water and then it was filtrated before to make a jam. The sporophyll jam was adjusted to 62$^{\circ}$Brix by heating and concentration. It was a similar to the commercial jam in the gel strength. Among the various treatments, the jam prepared with 60% (w/w) sugar, 0.75% (w/w) high methoxy (HM) pectin and 0.3% (w/w) citric acid showed best quality aspects of both texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory evaluation. Addition of 0,08% (v/w) synthetic strawberry flavor and 0.5% (w/w) cinnamon powder to sporophyll paste gave a good masking effect for the undesirable sea mustard flavor.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2009

When scouring and contraction finishing at $90^{\circ}C$ using Relaxer or Rotary Washer contraction and weight loss ratio in warp and weft directions were excellent. Also surface state of fabric after drying or sanding treatment was excellent without crease. Low melting polyester fabric showed a complete melting bond by heat setting(P/S) at above $160^{\circ}C$. The alkali hydrolysis reaction of polyester showed the breakpoint in the weight loss behavior test, polyester yarn showed a breakpoint ranging from 25% to 28%. This is due to the difference of the hydrolysis rate between regular polyester and soluble polyester. Initially the soluble polyester was eluted and micro-fibrillized 5 times faster than a regular polyester. At a later time, a regular polyester was reduced weight to impart a proper flexibility and drape property to the fabric. As a result of surface sanding finishing, the surface of interior fabric showed a surface state most stabilized when using Mesh No. 220 in mono 0.2d after elution finishing. When the rotation direction of sanding roller was pro-, pro-, pro-, and retro-direction, a directional effect of tuft was not shown, a writing effect as suede was exhibited and a surface state was even. Sublimation fastness was 3-4 class for polyester and 2-4 class for nylon. Light fastness 3-4 class after lapse of 100 hours and 2-4 class after lapse of 160 hours. Abrasion fastness was 3-4 class on wet and 4-5 class on dry Laundry fastness was 2-4 class. As such, the abrasion fastness is slightly reduced upon wetting and the use thereof for interior is excellent, whereas laundry fastness is slightly lowered.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1983

With the synthetic standards, valuable metals $(Ta_2O_5, Nb_2O_5, TiO_2, SnO_2$, and $ZrO_2$) in the tin slags have been determined by the x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The powder sample and the standards are homogeneously mixed with anhydrous $Li_2B_4O_7$ and La_2O_3$ in weight ratio of 15 : 42 : 3 respectively. The mixed material is fused at $1,150^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes to be changed into the glass bead. The bead is ground to (-) 325 mesh size and pelletized. The analytical results obtained in this work are consistent with the data obtained by other common methods within allowable error range. The standard deviation for $Ta_2O_5$ in PTS-H sample is 0.12 % at level of 3.40 % content.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-163
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• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest zone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1m) in KEF, we have established a permanent plot and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER site and also a KoFlux site. In this study, we aimed to present basic ecological characteristics and synthetic data of carbon budgets and flows, and some monitoring data which are essential for providing important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function. We made a stemmap of trees in 1 ha plot and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area 28.0 m2/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was from 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the l.2m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. Litterfall was collected in circular littertraps (collecting area： 0.25m2) and mass loss rates and nutrient release patterns in decomposing litter were estimated using the litterbag technique employing 30cm30cm nylon bags with l.5mm mesh size. Total annual litterfall was 5,627 kg/ha/year and leaf litter accounted for 61% of the litterfall. The leaf litter quantity was highest in Quercus serrata, followed by Carpinus laxiflora and C. cordata, etc. Mass loss from decomposing leaf litter was more rapid in C. laxiflora and C. cordata than in Q. serrata litter. About 77% of C. laxiflora and 84% of C. cordata litter disappeared, while about 48% in Q. serrata litter lost over two years. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. And then we have drawn a schematic diagram of carbon budgets and flows in each compartment of the KEF site.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb$^{(R)}$, Germany) and deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$, Switzerland) grafted to the defect of rat calvaria artificially created and the effect of use of absorbable membrane (BioMesh$^{(R)}$, Korea) on new bone formation. Materials and Methods: Transosseous circular calvarial defects with diameters of 5 mm were prepared in the both parietal bone of 30 rats. In the control group I, no specific treatment was done on the defects. In the control group II, the defects were covered with absorbable membrane. In the experimental group I, deproteinized bovine bone was grafted without absorbable membrane; in the experimental group II, deproteinized bovine bone was grafted with absorbable membrane; in the experimental group III, beta-tricalcium phosphate was grafted without absorbable membrane; in the experimental group IV, beta-tricalcium phosphate was grafted with absorbable membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and 6 weeks respectively, and histologic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Results: Compare to the control groups, the experimental groups showed more newly formed bone. Between the experimental groups, beta-tricalcium phosphate showed more resorption than deproteinized bovine bone. Stabilization of grafted material and interception of the soft tissue invasion was observed in the specimen treated with membrane. There was no statistical difference between the experimental group I, III and experimental group II, IV classified by graft material, but statistically significant increase in the amount of newly formed bone was observed in the experimental group I, II and II, IV classified by the use of membrane (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both beta-tricalcium phosphate and deproteinized bovine bone showed similar osteoconductibility, but beta-tricalcium phosphate is thought to be closer to ideal synthetic graft material because it showed higher resorption rate in vivo. Increased new bone formation can be expected in bone graft with use of membrane.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

The management of Combined Sewer Overflows(CSOs) and Separated Sewer Overflows(SSOs) discharge directly to the effluent system in an untreated state, which occurs when the facility capacity is exceeded due to heavy rain, has become an important issue in recent years as the heavy rain becomes a regular phenomenon. Despite the continuous development of filtration technology, targeting densely populated urban areas, CSOs are rarely applied. Therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the process to apply CSOs in a pilot-scale horizontal flow filtration system with a rope-type synthetic fiber. The research was carried out in two steps: a preliminary study using artificial samples and a field study using sewage. In the preliminary study using an artificial sample, head loss of the filter media itself was analyzed to be approximately 1.1cm, and the head loss was increased by approximately 0.1cm as the linear velocity was increased by 10m/hr. In addition, the SS removal efficiency was stable at 81.4%, the filtration duration was maintained for more than 6 hours, and the average recovery rate of 98% was obtained by air backwashing only. In the on-site evaluation using sewage, the filtration duration was approximately 2 hours and the average removal efficiency of 83.9% was obtained when belt screen (over 450 mesh) was applied as a pre-treatment process to prevent the premature clogging of filter media. To apply the filtration process to CSOs and SSOs, it was concluded that the combination with the pre-treatment process was important to reinforce the hydraulic dimension for the stable maintain of operation period, rather than efficiency. Compared to the dry season, the quality of incoming sewage was lower in the rainy season, which was attributed to the characteristics of the drainage area with higher sanitary sewerage. In addition, the difference in removal efficiency according to the influent quality of the wet season and dry season was small.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1975

The ion exchange sorption and elution behavior of toxic heavy metal ions, such as Hg(II) and Zn(II), have been studied in aqueous and methanolic media of MCl (M: K, Na and NH$\_$4/). The ion exchange resins studied are Dowex 1-X8, Cl$\^$-/ (50-100 or 200-400 mesh) and Dowex 50W-X8, M$\^$+/ form (M: K, Na, NH$\_$4/ and H). the sorption and elution of metal ion on the resin is largely due to the formation of the anionic chlororocomplex of metal ion. The addition of methanol in the medium contributes markedly to the distribution data. In order to apply this work for the treatment of polluted sea water with toxic heavy metal ions, removal experiment of the metal ions from the synthetic sample solution was investigated.