• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

배 경 : 결핵균의 성장 속도가 늦은 이유가 mammalian cell이나 대장균에 비해 결핵균 AK의 매우 낮은 활성도에 의한 것이라는 추측으로부터 AK1과 유사한 촉매능을 나타내는 AKmt 돌연변이 유전자와 human muscle-type AK 합성 유전자(AK1)를 각각 Mycobacterium/E.coli 발현벡터에 재조합(pMVAKmtDM, pEMAK1)하여 성장 속도가 매우 느린 BCG에 형질전환함으로써 이들 단백질들의 촉매능에 의한 성장 속도 변화가 일어나는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : Human AK1의 촉매 활성도와 유사하도록 결핵균 AK (AKmt)유전자의 ATPbd와 LID domain을 돌연변이하여 제조한 유전자(AKmtDM)와 human muscle-type adenylate kinase 합성 유전자(AK1)를 Mycobacterium/E.coli 발현벡터에 클로닝하여 재조합 BCG를 제조하였고, 이들 재조합 BCG와 BCG Pasteur $1173P_2$ (wild-type)를 7H9 액체배지에 접종하여 2-3 일 간격으로 $A_{600}$ 값을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 재조합 BCG의 성장 속도는 Wild-type BCG의 성장 속도에 비해 변화가 없었다. 결 론 : 결핵균 adenylate kinase의 정확한 기능은 알 수 없으나, adenylate kinase의 촉매 활성도의 증가는 BCG의 성장 속도에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.584-590
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• 1982

고분자 킬래이트의 합성방법을 이용하여 4-vinylpyridine-vinylsulfonic acid-divinylbenzene 이온 교환체를 합성하여 이온 교환 특성실험을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 4-vinylpyridine-vinylacetate-divinylbenzene (1)의 합성은 4-vinylpyridine과 vinylacetate의 몰비가 2 : 1 이고 $95{\sim}98^{\circ}C$에서 50분간 가열하였을 경우가 가장 좋은 합성 조건이었으며 4-vinylpyridine-vinylsulfonic acid-divinylbenzene (2) 강산성 이온 교환수지의 양이온과 음이온교환 용량은 4.8meq/g와 2.5meq/g로 양쪽성 이었으며 Dowex 50W-X8과 비슷한 값을 얻었다. (2) pH가 증가할수록 Cd(II), Cu(II) 그리고 Co(II) 금속 이온의 흡착능이 증가하며 흡착력은 금속 양이온의 크기와 전하의 크기가 클수록 Cd(II)>Cu(II)>Co(II)의 순서로 보다 좋은 흡착력을 나타내였다. (3) 알콜의 량이 크다하여도 alkyloxonium이온의 탈수로 인하여 용매의 극성이냐 유전 상수에 미치는 영향이 분자와 이온간의 회합성이 원활하도록 하기 때문에 알콜의 량보다는 알콜의 차수가 흡착에 다소 영향을 미치며 낮은 산 용액과 알콜의 알킬기 차수가 작을수록(t-BuOH

• 한국균학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1983

합성배지(合成培地)에서 고온성(高溫性) 느타리 버섯균(菌)의 균사생육(菌絲生育)과 자실체형성(子實體形成)에 관한 영양적(營養的) 특성(特性)과 생리화학적(生理化學的) 성질을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 균사생육(菌絲生育)과 자실체형성(子實體形成)이 우수한 당류(糖類)는 mannitol과 sucrose이었고 arabinose, lactose, inulin은 균사생육(菌絲生育)이 빈약할 뿐만 아니라 자실체(子實體)가 형성(形成)되지 않았으며 mannitol의 최적 온도(溫度)는 2%였다. 2. 질소원(窒素源)중에서 peptone이 균사생육(菌絲生育)과 자실체형성(子實體形成)이 빠르고 자실체(子實體)의 수량(收量)이 많았으며 아질산태(亞窒酸態) 질소(窒素)는 저해적이었다. peptone의 최적 농도(濃度)는 0.2%이었다. 3. 균사생육(菌絲生育)과 자실체형성(子實體形成)이 우수한 Vitamin은 thiamine과 folic acid이었고 $KH_2PO_4$와 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$의 최적 농도(濃度)는 각각 0.2%와 0.02%이었으며 그 밖의 무기염류(無機鹽類)는 효과가 없었다. 4. 광조도(光照度)는 $100{\sim}500\;lux$, 균사생육(菌絲生育) 온도(溫度)는 $25^{\circ}C$, 자실체형성(子實體形成) 온도(溫度)는 $20^{\circ}C$, pH는 6.0에서 균사생육(菌絲生育)과 자실체형성(子實體形成)이 우수하였다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.174-186
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• 2007

Amphora coffeaeformis and Achnanthes longipes are commonly found as dominant benthic microalgae in Jeju coastal water throughout the year. In order to investigate pharmaceutical uses of these diatoms, each single species was isolated with micropipette under phase contrast microscope and subcultured with synthetic seawater media which was enriched with F/2 media, trace metal solution and $Na_2SiO_3$). Growth characteristics of these species were also determined with different combination of salinity, nutrients concentration and temperature. Thereafter, mass culture of each species was done based on the maximum growth condition. Biomass was collected after two weeks of mass culture and freeze dried for antioxidant study. The antioxidant properties of different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate) obtained by solvent fractionation of 80% methanolic extract of two microalgae were investigated for free radical, reactive oxygen species scavenging (Super oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl radical and Nitric oxide), metal chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. All fractions of A. longipes showed higher $DPPH^{\cdot}$ (free radical) scavenging activities (n-hexane: 89.0%, Chloroform: 76.0%, Ethylacetate: 66.0%, Methanol: 90.6% and aqueous residue: 63.0%). N-hexane fraction of A. longipes showed significantly higher activity (49.0%) on nitric-oxide. Ethylacetate fraction of A. longipes and aqueous residue of A. coffeaeformis exhibited 64.0% and 75.6% metal chelating activity which was higher than commercial antioxidants (${\alpha}$-tocopherol: 18.0% and BHT: 16.0%). The n-hexane fraction of A. coffeaeformis had 67.5% activity on $DPPH^{\cdot}$. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of A. coffeaeformis exhibited 46.2% and 47.6% $H_2O_2$ scavenging effects which were closely similar to commercial antioxidants (${\alpha}$-tocopherol: 49.2% and BHT: 58.6%). Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions of A. longipes and fraction of n-hexane and chloroform of A. coffeaeformis showed better lipid peroxidation activities than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. These data suggest that both organic and aqueous fractions have good antioxidative compounds with different antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid in which the double bonds are conjugated. CLA has anticancer activity in a variety of animal cancer models, and cis-9, trans-11 (c9t11) and trans-10, cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the most predominant isomers present in the synthetic preparations utilized in these animal studies. To compare the ability of c9t11, t10c12 and an isomeric mixture of CLA to inhibit TSU-Prl cell growth, cells were incubated in a serum-free medium with various concentrations of these fatty acids. The isomeric mixture inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (1-3 $\mu$M) with a 41 $\pm$ 1% inhibition observed at 3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. T10c12 also inhibited cell proliferation in a dote-dependent manner, However, the efficacy and potency of this isomer was much greater than that of the isomeric mixture with a 49 $\pm$ 2% inhibition observed at 0.3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. By contrast, c9t11 slightly increased cell proliferation. To determine whether the growth-inhibiting effect of CLA is related to the changes in production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) by these cells, serum-free conditioned media were collected. Immunoblot analysis of conditioned media using a monoclonal anti-IGF-II antibody showed that both the isomeric mixture and t10c12 inhibited secretion of both mature 7,500 Mr and higher Mr forms of pro IGF-II, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Ligand blot analysis with 125I-IGF-II revealed the presence of two types of IGFBPs : 24,000 Mr IGFBP-4 and 30,000 Mr IGFBP-6. The production of IGFBP-4 slightly decreased at the highest concentrations of the isomeric mixture and t10c12. These results indicate that CLA inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth, an effect largely due to the action of t10c12. The growth inhibition may result, at least in part, from decreased production of IGF-II and IGFBP-4 by these cells.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.288-294
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• 1986

반합성 배지인 yeast extract sucrose (YES) 배지에서 인삼 saponm 및 그 관련 물질이 Aspergillus parasilicus의 AF 생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 배양 시간에 따른 AF생성에 대해 검토한 결과 AF생성은 배양 9일째에 최고치을 나타내였으며 전 배양 기간을 통해 AF B1이 AFG1보다 많이 생성되었다. 배지내에 여러 농도의 인상 saponm을 첨가했을 때 모든 농도의 첨가군은 대조군보다 AF생성이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 saponin 0.05% 첨가시 균체량과 AF 생성량이 매우 감소하였고 saponin 5.0% 첨가시 균체량은 대조군에 비해 증가하였으나 AF은 전혀 생성되지 않았다. 배지내에 saponindiol 맺 triol을 놓도별로 첨가한 경우 diol 0.05, 1.0 및 triol 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 %첨가군에서 AF생성이 감소되었다. 배치내에 saponin fraction를 첨가한 경우 fraction 1, 2, 4. 5. 6은 AF 생성을 상당히 저해하였으나 fraction 3과 7은 AF 생성을 자극하였다 0.05%의 adenosine, guanosine, caffeine 및 xanthosine을 배지에 첨가한 경우 AF생성이 저해되었으나 0.05%의 adenosine 및 cv-tosine을 첨가한 갱우에는 AF생성을 증가시켰다. 5.0%의 saponine을 배지에 첨가한 경우 AF생성은 전혀 일어 나지 않은 반면 total lipid의 합성과 균쳐1량은 대조군에 비해 매우 증가하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1981

합성배지(合成培地)에서 고온성양송이 (Agaricus bitorquis)와 느타리 (Pleurotus ostreatus)의 균사생육(菌絲生育)을 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 균사생육(菌絲生育)의 최적(最適) pH와 온도(溫度)는 A. bitorquis경우 pH $6.0{\sim}6.5$, 온도(溫度)는 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, P. ostreatus는 pH $5.0{\sim}6.5$,온도(溫度)는 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 균사생육(菌絲生育)이 양호(良好)한 탄소원(炭素源)과 질소원(室素源)은 A. bitorquis 경우 glucose, starch와 peptone이었고, P. ostreatus 는 glucose, fructose, starch와 peptone이었다. 3. C/N률(率)이 너무 낮거나 높으면 오히려 균사수율(菌絲收率)이 감소(減少)하였고 동일 C/N률(率)에서는 glucose와 peptone의 농도(濃度)가 높은 편이 균사수율(菌絲收率)이 높았다. 4. 균사생육(菌絲生育)이 양호(良好)한 vitamin은 A. bitorquis 경우 thianmine, Ca-pantothenate, folic acid이었고 P. ostreatus는 thiamine, folic acid, inositol이었다. 5. 배지(培地)의 성분(成分)은 배양기간(培養期間)의 경과에 따라 pH, 총질소(總窒素) glucose는 점진적으로 감소되었고 균사수율(菌絲收率)은 이와 반대로 증가 되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2005

Paenibacillus polymyxa 유래의 endoinulinase 유전자(inu, 2.733 kb, E.C 3.2.1.7)를 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 발현시키기 위해 대장균과 효모의 shuttle vector (GALl promoter함유)에 subcloning하여 구축된 pYGENIU27 (8.6 kb) plasmid를 S. cerevisiae SEY2102에 형질전환하였다. Uracil이 결핍된 SD배지와 inulin이 포함된 배지에서 효모 형질전환체를 선별하였다. 효모 형질전환체의 배양에서 endoinulinase는 periplasmic space에 다량 존재함이 확인되었다. YPDG배지에서 재조합 endoinulinase는 총 활성 1.81unit/ml으로 생산되었다. Inulooligosaccharides (IOSs) 생산을 위한 효소의 최적 반응 조건으로 pH 8.0,반응온도 $45^{\circ}C$, 기질은 Jerusalem artichoke로 결정되었다. 효소활성은 pH 10.0에서도 안정적으로 유지되었으며, 최적 반응 조건 (ginulin당 36 unit효소 이용)에서 반응 10분 후부터 IOSs가 생산되기 시작하였다. 생성된 IOSs의 구성분으로 inulobiose (F2), inulotriose (F3)와 inulotetraose (F4)가 생성되었고, 이중에서 F3가 주성분이었다. 이상의 결과는 효모에서 생산된 재조합 endoinulinase를 이용하여 inulin으로부터 기능성 감미소재인 IOSs의 산업적 생산을 위한 기초결과로 활용될 것이다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2002

Cefadroxil is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The drug has been used for the treatment of the urinary and respiratory tract infections when caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganism. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefadroxil capsules, Duricef (Bo Ryung Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) and Hanacef (Korean Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cefadroxil release from the two cefadroxil capsules in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four normal male volunteers, $21.58{\pm}2.43$ years in age and $70.74{\pm}10.29$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 500 mg as cefadroxil was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefadroxil in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cefadroxil capsules were very similar at all dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two capsules based on the Duricef were 0.05%, -5.29% and 4.53%. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) $(e.g.,\;log(0.95){\sim}log(1.05)\;and\;log(0.87){\sim}log(1.02)$ for $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). The 90% confidence interval using untransformed data was within ${pm}20%$ $(e.g.,\;-6.75{\sim}15.74\;for\;T_{max})$. All parameters met the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Hanacef capsule is bioequivalent to Duricef capsule.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This study is to analyze Korean-Chinese women's Costume in Yabian with factors such as reform opening-up, economic growth, change of social values, development of technology, more education opportunities and influence of mass media. It divides the 1990's into two halves. Photos, interview, observation and relevant literature were used for this study. Even though economy grew rapidly, they needed to purchase daily goods other than clothes. In a way that they preferred practicality, it showed somewhat it was still developing. The trend in the first half of the 1990's was characterized : first, Synthetic or artificial fibers and ready-made suits were popular ; second, there still remained the men's style ; third, they wore Tanrikoo(彈力袴), Tisingkoo(體型袴), Jiaotakoo(脚袴) because of its properties of activeness and comfort ; fourth, shoulders looked ore prominent with pads as they were used in Chungsanfoo(中山服) ; fifth, clothes in grey and dark blue was in fashion ; sixth, they wore hand-made knit vests and sweaters and often mountain-climbing gears for its light and warm quality ; seventh, along with opening-up, various materials and colorful clothes were in style, which satisfied women's desire for beauty. They decorated Hanbok(韓服), using sleeves with colors, golden ornaments, flower patterns embroidery, materials of different color in collar and tie and dyes of sleeves and skirts. In the first half of the 1990's when the opening-up was beginning, there were diverse styles and colors in fashion, yet not close to good quality. As the economy grew, the second half of the 1990's was characterized by good palate, individuality, favouritism on foreign goods, rapid change of fashion. For instance, fur coat and woolen fabric were favored. Economic growth led to abundance of cloth, dyes and decorative materials. In addition, people possessed more clothing and it was possible for them to wear both Hanbok and wedding dress in wedding ceremony. People placed their standards on competency and financial ability rather than ideology. Worship disappeared and individuality arose. Therefore, apparel functioned not only as protection but as suits with aesthetic purpose. This resulted in introduction of bold style, imitation of western countries and extension of use of Hanbok. With the help of mass media, transportation, telecommunication, contact with Korean company and civilians, Korean and western cultures, through Korea, were accepted. Change in structure of economic status caused excessive spending and more educational opportunities that enabled people to accept foreign culture quickly. Values moved onto new, beautiful and better characteristics. it was possible to have suits ready-made due to improvement of mass production and cotten, wool, linen, silk became popular owing to technology. New technology, the bases of mass consumption, increased possession of clothing and accelerated change of fashion. In summary, women's Costume in Yanbian were affected by the factors in economy, politics, culture contact as well as change of society and technology.