• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.958-963
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• 2008

Korean language has different structural properties which are controlled by semantic constraints of verbs. Also, most of Korean sentences are complex sentences which consisted of main clause and embedded clause. Therefore it is difficult to describe appropriate syntactic grammar or constraint for the Korean language and the Korean parsing causes various syntactic ambiguities. In this paper, we suggest how to describe CFG-based grammar using sentence patterns as syntactic constraint and solve syntactic ambiguities. To solve this, we classified 44 sentence patterns including complex sentences which have subordinate clause in Korean sentences and used it to reduce syntactic ambiguity. However, it is difficult to solve every syntactic ambiguity using the information of sentence patterns. So, we used semantic markers with semantic constraint. Semantic markers can be used to solve ambiguity by auxiliary particle or comitative case particle.

• MALSORI
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• no.42
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

Syntactic ambiguity can be understood by context usually, especially in reading and writing. Because phonological structure including stress, intonation and phonological phenomena can be pronounced differently according to different syntactic structures, syntactic ambiguity can be solved by phonological structure in listening and speaking. The objectives of this study was to survey how Korean English teachers apply phonological structures in order to solve syntactic ambiguity. The results of this study is as follows: First, Korean English leachers applied Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was not branched. But they did not apply Compound Stress Rules well, when the second word was branched. Second, several Korean English teachers did not apply Nuclear Stress Rules well. They usually put the strongest stress on the first word. Third Korean English teachers did not differentiate appropriate applying situation of palatalization. They applied palatalization at both the single and the separated Phonological Phrase. Fourth, Korean English teachers did not apply stress shifting when stress crash happened. Because they did not apply stress shifting, they put the strongest stress on inappropriate syllable.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.784-793
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• 2000

The conventional morphological analysis of Korean language presents various morphological ambiguities because of its agglutinative nature. These ambiguities cause syntactic ambiguities and they make it difficult to select the correct parse tree. This problem is mainly related to the auxiliary predicate or bound noun in Korean. They have a strong relationship with the surrounding morphemes which are mostly functional morphemes that cannot stand alone. The combined morphemes have a syntactic or semantic role in the sentence. We extracted these morphemes from 0.2 million tagged words and classified these morphemes into three types. We call these morphemes a syntactic morpheme and regard them as an input unit of the syntactic analysis. This paper presents the syntactic morpheme is an efficient method for solving the following problems: 1) reduction of morphological ambiguities, 2) elimination of unnecessary partial parse trees during the parsing, and 3) reduction of syntactic ambiguity. Finally, the experimental results show that the syntactic morpheme is an essential unit for reducing morphological and syntactic ambiguity.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.366-374
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• 2013

One of the most important problems in syntactic analysis is syntactic ambiguities. This paper proposes a parsing system and this system can reduce syntactic ambiguities by using segmentation method and argument information method. The proposed system uses morphemes for the input of syntax analysis system, and syntactic analysis system generates all possible parse trees from the given morphemes. Therefore, this system generates many syntactic ambiguity problems. We use three methods to solve these problems. First is disambiguation method in morphological analysis, second is segmentation method in syntactic analysis processing, and the last method is using argument information. Using these three methods, we can reduce many ambiguities in Korean syntactic analysis. In our experiment, our approach decreases about 53% of syntactic ambiguities.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

This study investigates the effect of pitch range reset in Korean listeners' processing of syntactically ambiguous participle structures. Unlike Japanese and English,in Korean, the downtrend or the reset of pitch range does not consistently differentiate Accentual Phrases (AP), a lower level of phrasing, from Intonational Phrases (IP), a higher level of phrasing. Therefore, we explore Korean listeners' comprehension patterns for syntactically ambiguous speech strings varying in 1) the relative height of F0 peaks across prosodic units, and 2) the types of prosodic phrasing, to see whether pitch range reset informs the recovery of syntactic structure even though it is not reflected in the intonational hierarchy in Korean. The results show that the hierarchical level of prosodic phrasing affects the parsing pattern of syntactic ambiguity. The pitch range reset also cued the location of syntactic boundaries, but this effect was confined to phrases across AP.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.219-230
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• 2003

This paper describes a rule-based approach for syntactic disambiguation used by the English sentence parser in E-TRAN 2001, an English-Korean machine translation system. We propose Parser's Ambiguity Type Information (PATI) to automatically identify the types of ambiguities observed in competing candidate trees produced by the parser and synthesize the types into a formal representation. PATI provides an efficient way of encoding knowledge into grammar rules and calculating rule preference scores from a relatively small training corpus. In the overall scoring scheme for sorting the candidate trees, the rule preference scores are combined with other preference functions that are based on statistical information. We compare the enhanced grammar with the initial one in terms of the amount of ambiguity. The experimental results show that the rule preference scores could significantly increase the accuracy of ambiguity resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.769-776
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• 1987

A method of on-line recognition of Korean characters (Hangeul) by augmented conterxt free grammar is described in this paper. Syntactic analysis with context free grammar oftern has ambiguity. Insufficient description of relations among Hangrul sub-patterns causes this ambiguity can be determined through repetition of experiments. Flexible syntactic analysis is executed by adapting the condition to the (advice)part of augmented context free grammar. The ratio of correct recognition of this method is more than 99%.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.783-787
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• 2012

It is not easy to find out syntactic error in a spelling checker systems of Korean, because the spelling checker is generally to correct each phrase and it cannot check the errors of contextual ill-matched words. Spelling checker system tests errors based on a words. Disambiguation of lexical ambiguities is important in natural language processing. Its outputs is used in syntactic analysis. For accurate analysis of a sentence, syntactic analysis system must find out the ambiguity of morphemes in a word. In this paper, we suggest several rules to resolve the ambiguities of morphemes in a word. Using these methods, we can reduce many lexical ambiguities in Korean.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2002

The prosody can play a crucial role in differentiating ambiguous sentences to correctly reflect their intended syntactic structures. In what way do the speakers in Tokyo and Sendai dialects of Japanese use prosodic elements to differentiate syntactic ambiguities? Acoustic measurement was made of utterances of ambiguous sentences in Japanese to observe prosodic strategies for disambiguation. Materials were sentences of the type ADV-VP1-NP-VP2, ADV-NP1-NP2-VP2, where the ambiguity lies in locative adverbial modification, ADV modifying either VP1 or VP2. For this construction the Japanese create the same ambiguities. After defining the depth of a syntactic boundary, F0 of the phrase before and after the boundary, and duration of the syllable and pause before the boundary were measured. The results show that Tokyo dialects speakers use F0 after syntactic boundary, and Sendai dialects speakers use of the syllable and/or pause before the boundary.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2006

Prosody can be used to resolve syntactic ambiguity of a sentence. English relative clause construction with complex NP(the N1, N2, and RC sequence) has syntactic ambiguity and the clause can be interpreted as modyfying N1(high attachment) or N2(low attachment), Speakers and listeners can disambiguate those sentences based on the prosody. In this paper, we investigate the Korean English learners production on the prosodic structure of English relative clause construction. The production experiment shows that the beginner learners use the phrasing frequently and the advanced learners depend on both the phrasing and the accent. One of the characteristic of the Korean English learners' intonation is that the Korean accentual phrase tone pattern LHa is transferred to their production.