• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.364-372
• /
• 2011

The primary purposes of this study were to classify consumer's type according to narcissistic orientation of consumer and then to reveal consumer's perception differences on consumption value of apparel products and cosmetics subject to the types. Data were collected from 194 female college students in Ulsan. It was analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and MANOVA, ANOVA using SPSS Win 12.0. The results were as follows: First, consumer's types classified according to narcissistic orientation were non-narcissist, high-narcissist, leadership and self-absorption. Second, in the consumption value of apparel products case, there were significant differences in effective value, symbolic value and sensitive value among the types. Third, in the consumption value of cosmetics case, there were significant differences in sensitive value and effective value among the types.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.28B no.12
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1991

In this Paper, a rule-based method for the phenomenon of Korean vocal sound change is proposed. This method could be used to solve a problem between symbolic(Hangul)and phonetic language(Korean) for the study of Korean speech processing. A rule on the phenomenon of vocal sound rearranged for the rule base with a end-consonents on the authority of standard pronunciation rule. The proposed rule base system is simplified by the implementation for the vocal sound change. Also, it is useful to create the data base with phonetic value for the Korean voice processing by syllable unit.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.217-234
• /
• 2006

This study examined variability of gestures and their correlation with vocabulary acquisition in the communication of infants. Subjects were 96 infants, 7 to 24 months of age, residing in Seoul and its vicinity. Instruments were the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (Iverson, et al., 1999) and the MacAuther Communicative Development Inventory-Korean (Bae and Lim, 2002). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation. Results identified monthly changes in types of communicative gesture used by infants: more deictic at younger and more representational at older ages. Deictic gestures were related to size of the receptive vocabulary and size of the whole vocabulary. Representational gestures were related to acquisition of expressive vocabulary, size of the receptive, and size of the whole vocabulary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1085-1096
• /
• 2007

Globalization of market has put considerable research activities in cosmopolitism and nationalism. In addition, consumer's perception of product's country of origin is widely regarded as an important influence on their shopping behavior. The objective of this paper is to investigate the joint effect of cosmopolitanism and nationalism on shopping orientation and awareness of the country of origin of fashion products among Korean young consumers. Data from 471 young Korean consumers were analyzed. According to the cosmopolitanism/nationalism measure, respondents were segmented into three groups: global, local and glocal group. Results indicated that global and glocal consumers value symbolic and non-conforming aspects of fashion product shopping and were more interested in country of origin of products than local consumers. Global consumers showed higher level of foreign product preference than local and glocal consumers. Some managerial implication for marketing practitioners was suggested.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This paper analyzed the features of Winter Olympics mascots in chronological order by examining the evolution of mascots and presented the attributes of the Winter Olympics mascots from Innsbruck 1976 to Beijing 2022. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper conducted an exploratory study on the thinking to understand the characteristics of 13 Winter Olympics Mascots through literature review. Results: First, the mascot is a fictional character, usually an artificial character that represents the locality of the host city, including animals, human figures, and local inhabitants. Second, Schneemann, Innsbruck 1976 was known as the first official Winter Olympics mascot. Third, 19 mascots out of a total of 24 mascots were created using animals. Conclusions: The six attributes of the Winter Olympics mascots were identified: friendliness, symbolic meaning, originality, diversity, value, and identity of a special location. Above all, Winter Olympics has a locality that includes areas covered with ice and snow. From this point of view, the Olympics mascot highlights the image of snow and ice and the physical environment that includes it.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study began with an interest in the meaning and importance of Olympic mascots, and this paper aimed to analyze the types and features of mascots by comparing the Summer Olympics mascots from Munich 1972 to Tokyo 2020 and ultimately to understand the attributes of the Summer Olympic mascots. Research design, data, and methodology: The approach of this study is the exploratory approach by literature reviews. This study carried out exploratory research on thinking about understanding the characteristics of the Summer Olympic Games Mascots. Results: First, the Munich 1972 mascot, Waldi is known as the first official mascot. Second, many mascots are designed the most in animal form. But the process of change according to the material of the Olympic mascot changed from a simple animal form to a finely expressed hybrid mascot, and multiple mascots appeared in the 2000s. Conclusions: The Olympic mascot is a representative symbol of the Olympic Games, representing the identity of the host country. Five attributes of the Olympic mascots were identified: friendliness, a symbolic meaning, originality, diversity, and value. Further implications were discussed.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.690-703
• /
• 2023

Multistage amplifiers have become appropriate choices for high-speed electronics and data conversion. Because of the large number of high-impedance nodes, frequency compensation has become the biggest challenge in the design of multistage amplifiers. The new compensation technique in this study uses two differential stages to organize feedforward and feedback paths. Five Miller loops and a 500-pF load capacitor are driven by just two tiny compensating capacitors, each with a capacitance of less than 10 pF. The symbolic transfer function is calculated to estimate the circuit dynamics and HSPICE and TSMC 0.18 ㎛. CMOS technology is used to simulate the proposed five-stage amplifier. A straightforward iterative approach is also used to optimize the circuit parameters given a known cost function. According to simulation and mathematical results, the proposed structure has a DC gain of 190 dB, a gain bandwidth product of 15 MHz, a phase margin of 89°, and a power dissipation of 590 ㎼.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.7
• /
• pp.451-460
• /
• 2013

In order to achieve high test coverage, it is usual to generate test data using various techniques including symbolic execution, data flow analysis or constraints solving. Recently, a technique for automated test data generation that fulfills high coverage effectively without those sophisticated means has been proposed. However, the technique shows its weakness in the generation of test data that leads to high coverage for programs having branch conditions where different memory locations are binded during execution. For certain programs with flag conditions, in particular, high coverage can not be achieved because specific branches are not executed. To address the problem, this paper presents dynamic branch coverage criteria and a test data generation technique based on the notion of dynamic branch. It is shown that the proposed technique compared to the previous approach is more effective by conducting experiments involving programs with flag conditions.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 2009

As unit testing should be performed repeatedly and continuously, it is a high-cost software development activity. Although there are many studies on unit test automation, there are less studies on automated test case generation which are worthy of note. In this paper, we discuss a study on automated test data generation from source codes and indicate algorithms for each stage. We also show some issues of test data generation and introduce an automated test data generating tool: CUTIG. As CUTIG generates test data not from require specifications but from source codes, software developers could generate test data when specifications are insufficient or discord with real implementation. Moreover we hope that the tool could help software developers to reduce cost for test data preparation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for developing a smart taekwondo uniform with enhanced functionality for children by investigating the wearing condition and satisfaction of taekwondo uniform among taekwondo training children. The data were collected from 162 children living in Seoul and Daegu. For data analysis were performed descriptive statistics, ${\chi}2$ -test and t-test using SPSS Ver. 12. The results of the analysis are as follows. The results revealed that respondents wearing the general training uniform during their training period were the most. The dissatisfaction for the general training uniform was a high price, lack of symbolic, lack of functionality in textiles, lack of variety in design and unfittness of size in order. The developed uniform can adjust the length using a zipper type fastener, and can be used in all seasons as the lining is detachable. It also uses nano-silver material, and soil release finish. It enhances the functionality of movement by treating with raglan sleeve and sleeve hem velcro tape, and designs the upper garment in the draping. Safety is improved through attaching GPS, and elastic material is mixed in the neckline for putting on and off easily. Piece of cloth is added inside the closing of the upper garment. Rings are made for fixing the taekwondo uniform belt. Pocket is designed in the lower garment and colors are multiplied.