• 제목/요약/키워드: Sweeping

검색결과 345건 처리시간 0.036초

서비스 무역 적자 증가의 현황과 원인에 관한연구 - 관광산업을 사례로 - (A Study on the Status and Causes of Growing Service Trade Deficit -Focused on Korean Tourism Industry-)

  • 서헌
    • 통상정보연구
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.43-64
    • /
    • 2007
  • 2006년 우리나라의 경상수지 흑자는 2005년도 대비하여 60%가 축소된 60억달러를 기록하였다. 이는 281억 달러의 흑자를 기록한 2004년에 비하면 매우 축소된 흑자규모로 그 결과는 매우 충격적인 것이다. 특히, 해외여행과 유학 및 연수등이 포함된 서비스 무역 적자는 187억을 기록하였으며, 그중 여행(유학 및 연수포함)수지 적자는 전년보다 33억달러가 증가한 129억 달러를기록하여 역대 최고 수준인 것이다. 결국, 여행수지적자가 서비스무역 수지적자의 주된이유가 된 것이다. 여행수지 적자의 주요 원인은 아웃바운드 관광객의 숫자가 인바운드 관광객의 거의 2배에 육박하여, 결국은 국외에서 한국인들이 사용한 달러가 관광수입으로 들어온 외화를 크게 앞지르면서 관광수지적자를 야기 시킨 것이다. 한편 유학 및 연수비용도 크게 성장하면서 관광수지적자의 폭을 더욱 넓힌 계기가 된 것이다. 그리하여, 지난 수년간의 관광수지적자의 원인을 분석한 결과 인바운드 관광산업의 촉진과 함께 국가의 정책적 지원이 향후 여행수지 적자의 폭을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라, 장기적으로는 서비스무역 수지 개선이 예상되며, 이를 위해서는 민관이 긴밀한 협조를 통해 서비스무역 수지 관리에 보다 많은 시간과 노력을 기울여야 할 것 이라고 사료되는 바이다. 또한, 외래 관광객들의 느끼는 남북한 대치 상황의 개선, 즉 정치적 안정은 한국 인바운드 관광의 안정성을 가속화시키는 밑거름이 될 것이다. 결국, 여행수지 적자의 폭을 줄임으로써, 무역수지 개선을 가져온다면, 한국관광의 위상이 올라가면서 국가 경쟁력이 상승되고 국가이미지 또한 상승되어 한번에 두 마리의 토끼를 잡을 수 있는 win-win 구도가 형성되어, 한국 서비스산업 발전과 무역 발전에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 확신하는 바이다.

  • PDF

차세대 이동통신에서의 광대역 전파특성 연구(II) - 편파 다이버시티를 이용한 실내에서의 광대역 전파특성 개선- (A Study of Broadband Propagation Characteristics for The Future Mobile Communications (II) - The Improvement of Broadband Propagation Characteristics using Polarization Diversity under Indoor Environment)

  • 하덕호;윤영석
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.78-89
    • /
    • 1999
  • 본 논문에서는 실내환경에서 광대역 선호의 대역내 진폭변동 특성을 개선하기 위하여, 가시거리 및 비가시 거리 환경에서 원형편파 및 수직. 수평편파 안테나를 이용하여 주파수 소인에 의한 광대역 선호를 측정 해석 하였다. 그리고 광대역 전파특성의 개선을 위한 최적조건을 조사하기 위하여, 인간의 움직임 영향과 송선안테 나의 높이에 따른 영향도 해석하였다. 그 결과 비가시거리 환경에서는 편파 다이버시티 수신이 주파수 대역 내 진폭편차의 개선효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히, 편파 다이버시티는 원형편파 송신시 수직 및 수평편파에 의한 다이버시티 브랜치를 구성하는 방식이 가장 효과적임을 알았다. 그리고, 인간의 움직임에 의한 영향은 가시거리 및 비가시거리 환경에서 그다지 크지 않았으나, 신호강도의 저하가 더욱 심화되어 실내 디지털 무 선 통선에 있어서 burst error의 원인이 될 수 있음을 예상할 수 있었다. 그리고 송신안테나를 천장높이로 변 경했을 때는 가시거리 환경과 비가시거리 환경이 함께 존재하므로, 이 경우도 고속 무선 전송을 위해서는 편 파 다이버시티를 사용하여 대역내 진폭편차 개선의 필요성을 확인하였다.

  • PDF

사이버 공간에서의 정치 커뮤니케이션 양식 분석 연구 : 제16대 공선 후보자 사이버 게시판 분석을 중심으로 (Empirical Analysis of Political Communication Mode at Cyberspace)

  • 황근
    • 한국언론정보학보
    • /
    • 제16권
    • /
    • pp.207-254
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study is focused on forecasting the future of tole-democracy. Many Scholars expect that internet provides technological space needing realizing the tole-democracy or deliberate democracy. Especially in Korea, this expectation is higher than other nations because of political corruption and inefficiency. Therefore internet is intended to considering as new technologies reforming political process. In 16th the general election period, many candidates established home page and used as election campaign tool. And a little of home pages is payed attention to among voters. In spite of using internet as political medium, many political communication researchers have a doubt that internet will realize ideal direct democracy. It's reason is that internet is open and anonymous space. At anonymous space, communication participators is tended to be irresponsible and non-serious. Therefore it is hard that cyber-politics will be ideal type of democracy. In this context, this paper analyzed how pauicipators communicate with others at cyber bulletin board establishing candidate's home pages. Main research questions is how do discussions at cyberspace fulfill the conditions of deliberate democracy. Therefore, concrete questions include; who are participators at candidate's cyber bulletin board; which pattern do they communicate; what is the theme of communication; which effects do the anonymous character of cyberspace influence. To that purpose, this study conducted content analysis on 4,210 written matters at 82 cyber bulletin boards of candidate's home page establishing during 16th the general election period. It can be found that cyberspace in Korea still is not deliberate democracy space and not will be. Firstly, discussion patterns at cyber bulletin board is "candidate with supporters communication space. To be exact, it is said that candidate's home page is "the space of self-convincing among supporters." Secondly, the main themes of discussion are simple emotional expressions; "I support you!" "fighting" "Be vigor" etc. By contrast, real political contents'-central or local political matters - is relatively few. In the mode of expression, real political messages are more positive, logical than simple expressions, candidates private matters. Especially this characteristic will make cyberspace as "mutual slander space" consolidating anonymous characteristic of cyberspace. finally, Cyberspace in Korea still is not real "public sphere" realizing deliberate process. Therefore to be real public sphere, it is needed to participant's ethical maturity and political citizenship. In conclusion, it is difficult that cyberspace will reconstruct the Athene's Agora. On the contrary, Cyberagora will like to be irrespectable area fulfilling the sweeping. Making the deliberate space, technological possibility and ethical condition will have to be balanced together.

  • PDF

Shoes from Pinet to the Present

  • June, Swann
    • 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국복식학회 2001년도 19th International Costume Association Congress
    • /
    • pp.11-13
    • /
    • 2001
  • For those unfamiliar with the shoe world, Pinet (1817-1897) was a contemporary of Worth, the great Parisian couturier. So I look at the glamour shoes and the world of haute couture, and indeed the development of the named designer. That is a concept we are all familiar with now. So it is not easy to comprehend the lack of names for the exquisite work before 1850. Straightway I have to say that the number of noted shoe designers is far fewer than famous dress designers, but I will introduce you to some of them, against the background of contemporary shoe fashions. Franc;ois Pinet was born in the provinces (probably Touraine) in 1817, two years after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. His father, an ex-soldier, settled to shoemaking, a comparatively clean and quiet trade. It had a tradition of literacy, interest in politics, and was known as the gentle craft, which attracted intelligent people. We should presume father would be helped by the family. It was usual for a child to begin by the age of 5-6, tying knots, sweeping up, running errands and gradually learning the job. His mother died 1827, and father 1830 when he was 13, and at the time when exports of French shoes were flooding world markets. He went to live with a master shoemaker, was not well treated, and three years later set out on the tour-de- France. He worked with masters in Tours and Nantes, where he was received as Compagnon Cordonnier Bottier du Devoir as Tourangeau-Ia rose dAmour (a name to prove most appropriate). He went on to Bordeaux, where at 19 he became president of the local branch. In 1841 he went to Paris, and in 1848, revolution year, as delegate for his corporation, he managed to persuade them not to go on strike. By now the shoemakers either ran or worked for huge warehouses, and boots had replaced shoes as the main fashion. In 1855 Pinet at the age of 38 set up his own factory, as the first machines (for sewing just the uppers) were appearing. In 1863 he moved to new ateliers and shop at Rue ParadisPoissoniere 44, employing 120 people on the premises and 700 outworkers. The English Womans Domestic Magazine in 1867 records changes in the boots: the soles are now wider, so that it is no longer necessary to walk on the uppers. There is interest in eastern Europe, the Polonaise boots with rosette of cord and tassels and Bottines Hongroises withtwo rows of buttons, much ornamented. It comments on short dresses, and recommends that the chaussure should correspond to the rest of the toilet. This could already be seen in Pinets boots: tassels and superb flower embroidery on the higher bootleg, which he showed in the Paris Exposition that year. I think his more slender and elegant Pinet heel was also patented then or 1868. I found little evidence for colour-matching: an English fashion plate of 1860 shows emerald green boots with a violetcoloured dress.

  • PDF

A Numerical Study on the Wintertime Upwind flow of the Yellow Sen in an Idealized Basin

  • Kyung, Tae-Jung;Park, Chang-Wook;Oh, Im-Sang;Lee, Ho-Jin;Kang, Hyoun-Woo
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
    • /
    • 제37권3호
    • /
    • pp.91-107
    • /
    • 2002
  • The wintertime upwind flow in the Yellow Sea has been investigated through a series of two-dimensional numerical experiments in an idealized basin. A total of 10 experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of wind forcing, bottom friction and the presence of oceanic currents sweeping the shelf of the East China Sea. A spatially uniform steady and periodic wind stresses are considered along with comparison of linear and quadratic formulations. The wind-driven flow in the absence of oceanic current has been computed using Proudman open boundary condition (POBC), while the wind-driven current in the presence of oceanic current has been computed using Flather’s radiation condition (FOBC). The oceanic currents to be prescribed at the open boundary have been simulated by specifying uniform sea level gradients across the Taiwan Strait and the eastern ECS shelf, Calculations show that, as seen in Lee et al. (2000), oceanic flow little penetrates into the Yellow Sea in the absence of wind forcing unless a unrealistically low rate of bottom frictional dissipation is assumed. Both steady and time-periodic wind stresses invoke the upwind flow along the central trough of the Yellow Sea, independently of the presence of the oceanic current. The presence of oceanic currents very marginally alters the north-south gradient of the sea surface elevation in the Yellow Sea. Changes in the intensity and direction of the wind-induced mean upwind flow are hardly noticeable in the Yellow Sea but are found to be significant near Cheju Island where the gradient is reduced and therewith contribution of Ekman transport increases. In case of steady wind forcing circulation patterns such as two gyres on the slope sides, a cyclonic gyre on the western slope and an anticyclonic gyre on the eastern slope persist and the upwind flow composes part of the cyclonic gyre in the Yellow Sea. While in case of the time-periodic wind stress the appearance and disappearance of the patterns are repeated according to the time variation of the wind stress and the upwind flow accordingly varies with phase delay, mostly intensifying near the time when the wind forcing is approximately near the middle of the decaying stage.

좀진드기 교상에 의한 피부 질환의 집단 발생에 관한 역학 조사 (An Epidemiologic Study on Occupational Dermatosis Associated with Mites)

  • 임현술;김지용;정해관;성열오;이한일
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • 제28권1호
    • /
    • pp.13-26
    • /
    • 1995
  • An outbreak of dermatosis occurred in a livestock fodder factory at Kyongju in May 1994. Authors conducted a questionnaire survey on 60 workers in the factory and a dermatologist examined their skin lesion. Authors also collected mites and identified them. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. Twenty-eight cases of dermatosis were identified with attack rate of 46.7%. Attack rate was not different by department, age, sex, educational level and employment duration. Attack rate was 67.5% in productive worker and 5.0% in clerical workers (p<0.01) but was not significantly different between departments among productive workers (p>0.05). 2. Three cases among 28 dermatosis cases and one subject among 32 non-cases had a history of same dermatosis last year. Only one of dermatosis cases had a history of dermatosis among family members. History of other skin lesion and allergy was very rare in both cases and non-cases. 3. Skin lesions of the cases were rice-sized erythematous rapules or vesicles with a central biting point. Onset date of dermatosis was between May 1 and June 10. Duration was from one day to more than 30 days. Skin lesion was most frequent at the back(75.0%), and also observed at the arms(64.3%), abdomen(60.7%), legs(57.1%), chest(32.1%) and neck (25.0%). Skin lesion was aggravated while workers are sweeping the floor(35.7%), working at the workplace(21.4%) and in bed at night(28.6%). 4. Total 1,637 mites were collected and identified into 3 suborder, 7 families and 17 species. Dermatophagoides farinae was most frequent md most of the species identified were blood sucking mites. Authors concluded that the. outbreak of dermatosis was brought about by mite-bites and grain beetle parasitizing Acarophenax tribolii was the most suspected species. Further studies to identify the specific species causing dermatosis and route of import are needed.

  • PDF

방사성탄소 측정을 위한 지하수 중에 용존된 무기탄소 화합물의 정량적 회수 연구 (A Study on the Quantitative Recovery of Dissolved Inorganic Carbonates in Ground Water for Radiocarbon Measurement)

  • 천상기;우형주;조수영;김낙배;이종대
    • 분석과학
    • /
    • 제12권4호
    • /
    • pp.284-289
    • /
    • 1999
  • 지하수 중에 용존된 무기탄소 화합물을 기체 방출 법을 이용하여 정량적으로 추출하였다. 기체 방출법은 직접 침전법에 비하여 소요시간이 적으며, 대기중의 이산화탄소 및 수중에 존재하는 황산이온의 영향도 무시할 수 있어 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 기체 방출법에 의한회수율 측정 결과 분당 4리터의 유량 율로 2시간 방출시켰을 때 99% 정도의 회수율을 나타내었다. 포집 시간에 따른 동위원소 분별효과를 측정하기 위하여 방출 초기 1시간과 이후 30분 간격으로 2회 포집 분석한 결과, 각각의 ${\delta}^{13}C$는 각각 -7.9‰, -3.0‰, +0.4‰로 측정되어 기체 방출법을 이용한 수중의 무기탄소 회수시 방출 초기에는 보다 가벼운 탄소의 방출이 우세하며, 보다 무거운 탄소의 방출은 후기에 이루어지는 것을 나타내었다. 그러나 이러한 동위원소 분별효과는 탄소화합물의 거의 완전한 회수에 의해 무시될 수 있었다.

  • PDF

유럽연합(EU) 정보보호법(General Data Protection Regulation)개정안상의 잊혀질 권리와 현행 우리 법의 규율 체계 및 앞으로의 입법방향에 관한 소고 (A Thought on the Right to Be Forgotten Articulated in the European Commission's Proposal for General Data Protection Regulation)

  • 하정철
    • 디지털융복합연구
    • /
    • 제10권11호
    • /
    • pp.87-92
    • /
    • 2012
  • 최근 유럽연합이 잊혀질 권리를 폭넓게 인정하는 정보보호법 개정안을 공표하면서 전세계적으로 이에 관한 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라에서도 이와 관련된 논의가 이루어지고 일부에서는 입법화 움직임까지 있다. 현행법상 정보주체는 제한적으로 개인정보처리자나 정보통신서비스 제공자가 수집한 개인정보에 대해 정정 내지 삭제를 요구할 수 있을 뿐, 자신의 권리가 침해되지 않은 경우에는 온라인 게시판 등에서의 자신의 개인정보의 삭제를 요구할 수 없다. 이와 관련하여 앞으로의 입법과정에서는 정보주체 자신이 직접 올린 정보의 경우에만 잊혀질 권리를 한정할 것인지, 그리고 자신이 직접 올린 것이라면 제3자가 차후에 복사 등을 한 모든 경우에 대해 정보통신서비스 제공자 등에게 삭제할 의무를 부여할 것인지 충분히 검토되어야 한다. 최근 사이버 공간을 통한 국민 일반의 참여가 확장되고 직접민주주의를 향한 목소리도 커져가고 있는 상황에서 표현의 자유의 보장은, 설령 그것이 거대 미디어로 인한 정보를 통한 개인통제의 위험성에도 불구하고, 쉽게 포기될 수 없는 것이기 때문이다. 특히 표현의 자유와 관련하여 정보주체 자신이 직접 올리지 않은 정보에 대해서 잊혀질 권리를 인정하는 것이 자칫 사전검열에 해당할 수 있다는 점에서 신중히 접근될 필요가 있다.

애꽃노린재류(Orius spp.)의 종류와 몇가지 식물에서 발생소장 (Species Composition of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Their Seasonal Occurrence on Several Plants in Korea)

  • 김정환;이관석;김용헌;유재기
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
    • /
    • 제40권3호
    • /
    • pp.211-217
    • /
    • 2001
  • 총채벌레의 천적으로서 농생태계에서 서식하는 애꽃노린재류(Orius spp.)는 노지에서는 O. sauteri(애꽃노린재), O. minutus(멋애꽃노린재), O. strigicollis, O. nagaii 4종이, 시설에서는 O. sauteri, O. minutus 2종만이 조사되었다. 종별 점유율은 O. sauteri가 83.0~92.5%로 전지역에서 가장 우점하였고, O. sauteri는 콩, 고추, 수박과 같은 노지작물 및 고추, 국화, 거베라와 같은 시설작물에서 압도적으로 우점한 반면, O. strigicollis는 하반기 남부지방의 국화, 장미 등 화훼작물에서, O. nagaii는 벼에서만 우점하였다. 애꽃노린재류의 최초 발생시기 및 발생양상은 식물의 개화시기 및 생육상태에 따라 달랐다. 발생시기는 조사된 식물 가운데 토끼풀에서 5월 하순으로 가장 빨랐으며, 콩, 메밀, 고추에서는 모두 6월 상순이었다. 발생 최성기는 모든 작물에서 두 번 관찰되었는데, 토끼풀과 메밀에서는 7월 상순과 8월 중순, 콩과 고추에서는 7월 중순과 8월 하순 또는 9월 초순이었다. 따라서 토끼풀과 같은 야생식물은 애꽃노린재류의 월동 후 서식처로서 중요한 기능을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

  • PDF

대한민국 해군창설 : 회고와 당부 (Reflecting on the History and Future of Republic of Korea Navy)

  • 함명수
    • Strategy21
    • /
    • 통권37호
    • /
    • pp.5-31
    • /
    • 2015
  • The Republic of Korean Navy (ROKN) started from scratch. However, ROKN demonstrated its Blue Navy capabilities successfully to the entire world by conducting "Operation Early Dawn" at the Aden Bay, Yemen in Jan 2011. On the event of the 70th anniversary of the ROKN, I would like to retrospect past gleaning from voyages and challenges we had in the past. At the very inception of the ROKN, Korean government as well as senior military leaders recognized that it had no time to spare to clean up military those were insinuated deeply by communist agents. It was the top priority of the government. The Mongumpo Operation which was not well known, conducted by ROKN was one of the clean-up drive. The Korean War sometimes called as "a fire from land put-off at the sea". The world famous "Incheon Landing" which reversed war situation from the Nakdong Perimeter also done by Sea Power. ROKN conducted various maritime operations including not only Incheon Landing, but amphibious operation at Hungnam, mine sweeping, sea convoy, Wonsan Withdrawal. On the same day of the Korean War started, 25th June 1950, unless the victory of the ROKNS Baekdusan (PC 701) at the Korean Strait, the waning lamp light of Korea could not be rekindled by the participation of the U.N. The ROKN rescued the 17th regiment of Korean Army from the isolation at the Ongjin Peninsular and transported gold and silver bars stored at the Bank of Korea to the Navy supply deposit in Jinhae safely. ROKN special intelligence unit conducted critical HUMINT which led Incheon Landing success. One of important mission ROKN conducted successfully was not only transporting war fighting materials but also U.S. provided grains to starving Koreans. ROKN participated Vietnam campaign from 1960s and conducted numerous maritime transportation operations supplying materials to Vietnam military forces along the long coastal lines. Experienced Naval Officers and enlisted men who discharged and acquired as merchant marine certificate supported most of the U.S. sea lift operations throughout the Vietnam campaign. ROK-US Combined Forces which had been honed and improved its war fighting capabilities through the Korean War and out of Vietnam jungle playing key deterrent against threat from north Korea. However, those threat level will be completely different when north Korea finish its nuclear weapon ambition. In order to stand firm against north Korean nuclear threat, I would like to expect strong political leadership supporting nuclear submarine for ROKN.