• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.295-305
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking "environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)" projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents for the last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects accounts for only 4.9% of total 918 project EIAs during 1998-2003, and the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and noise, etc. We compared characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction, based on environmental and construction-planning indicators appeared in Environmental Impact Statements. Railroad construction usually requires longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than those for vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than 50% of those in vehicle road construction. To develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.50-61
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• 2008

Environmental factors and phragmites growth properties at various habitats in Eulsukdo ecological park were investigated to understand major factors affecting phragmites distribution in constructed wetlands. Although phragmites is very important species in wetland ecosystem, it should be controlled to prevent excessive expansion within the restricted park area. The results showed that phragmites dominant sites have the highest LAI among other emerged plants habitats and could adversely affect for waders habitats. Phragmites were also found at the areas with wide ranges of water-depth than other plants, and showed phragmites could be favored for occupying the newly constructed wetlands like Eulsukdo ecological park. The results showed difference in soil redox potential between phragmites dominant and non-dominant sites. Because soil redox potential is affected by wetland hydrology like flooding duration, control of wetland hydrology should be considered for creation and management of constructed wetlands. The results also showed that differences in soil cation exchange capacity, soil salinity, soil organic matter content and site inclination between phragmites dominant and non-dominant sites as well as brackish and freshwater areas. Those abiotic factors can be important considerations for the sustainable wetland management especially for the phragmitest managements in the ecological park.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.60-76
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• 2021

The concept of resilience seems applicable for sustainable groundwater management. The resilience is broadly defined as the ability of a system to resist changes by external forces (EFs), and has been used for disaster management and climate change adaptation, including the groundwater resilience to climate change in countries where groundwater is a major water resource, whereas not yet in the geological society of South Korea. The resilience is qualitatively assessed using the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacity representing the internal robustness, self-organization, and external recovery resources, respectively, while quantitatively using the system impact (SI) and recovery effort (RE). When the groundwater is considered a complicated system where physicochemical, biological, and geological components interact, the groundwater resilience can be defined as the ability of groundwater to maintain the targeted quality and quantity at any EFs. For the quantitative assessment, however, the resilience should be specified to an EF and measurable parameters should be available for SI and RE. This study focused on groundwater resilience to two EFs in urban areas, i.e., pollution due to land use change and groundwater withdrawal for underground structures. The resilience to each EF was assessed using qualitative components, while measurements for SI and RE were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.194-204
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• 2021

The research was analyzed the catch data of the five years (2016-2020) for six joint venture company tuna purse seiners in the Atlantic Ocean, with the aim of suggesting improvement measures for responsible and sustainable fishing according to changes of recommendation by International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) on the tropical tunas. In the last five years, the average catch of six tuna purse seiner gradually increased to 7,745 tons, 8,364 tons and 9,053 tons from 2016 to 2018, but decreased to 7,761 tons in 2019 and 6,214 tons in 2020. The reason for the decrease in fishing volume in 2019 and 2020 was the fluctuation of the formation of the cold water zone (22-23℃), and the total ICCAT convention area of FAD closure in January and February due to the expansion of the FAD closure area and poor free school catching during two months period, respectively. The analysis on fishing area showed that the percentage of fishing in the high sea was about 85% although the FAD closure area included the EEZ zone in coastal countries; the rise of the fishing license in coastal countries is also believed to be a factor. In order to overcome such situations and improve catching volume, it will be possible if excellent manpower is secured, school fishing is expanded, and the production of high value-added catch (purse seine special: PS).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Increased harmful algal blooms by cyanobacteria are threatening public health and limiting human activities related with freshwater ecosystems. Phosphorus (P) has long been suggested as a critical nutrient for cyanobacterial bloom through field research in Canada during the 1970s, proposing a P-based freshwater management guideline. However, recently, nitrogen (N) has also been highlighted as an impacting nutrient on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). Due to the intensive and frequent observation of Microcystis, this kind of paradigm shift from P limitation to season-dependent N or P limitation has an important implication for a dual nutrient management strategy in eutrophic freshwaters. Through recent international researches, general strategies to control CyanoHABs in lakes and reservoirs are as follows: a dual nutrient (N & P) reduction, wastewater collection and treatment, pre-treatment of influent water in buffer zones, dredging of sediment, reduction of residence time, algal collection, and precipitation and flocculation of cyanobacteria. In addition, sustainable and integrative freshwater algae management should be carried out, based on the ecological aspect, because cyanobacteria are not the target organism to be eradicated, but an essential microbial member in the freshwater ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

The management of soil organic matter(SOM) is a key component of golf course green maintenance. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf course greens, the SOM status of different age greens maintained in the same root zone composition and management were compared. Then the microbial activity, tiller number, bulk density, water content, pH, EC, and T-N in the soil were measured. In the 0${\sim}$5cm depth SOM accumulation showed no significant difference between greens. Below 5cm SOM showed a strong significance between greens and had a positive(+) correlation with year and negative(-) correlation with depth. when regression equations were used to predict SOM accumulation with year and depth, SOM below 5cm tended to increase with a rate of 0.061% . year$^{-1}$ and decrease with a rate of 0.079% . $cm^{-1}$(R2==0.841). Soil microbial activity was investigated with age and depth by using a dehydrogenase assay. Results showed a sharp drop with depth in all greens. The soil microbial activity below 5cm showed no difference between greens. The accumulated SOM below 5cm may be very resistant to decomposition in the long-term. Five years after establishment, the bulk density did not significantly change. The water content, EC, and T-N had a significant correlation with SOM. The pH decreased with the year, which may influence SOM accumulation. Organic matter accumulation was mainly affected by the pH decrase，low soil microbial activity, and high organic matter resistant to decomposition, but the effects of water content, EC, and T-N were obscure.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.165-179
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• 2024

It is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of inundation and water cycle in urban areas for mitigating flood risks and sustainable water resources management. In this study, we developed a Cellular Automata-based integrated Water cycle model (CAW). A comparative analysis with physics-based and conventional cellular automata-based models was performed in an urban watershed in Portland, USA, to evaluate the adequacy of spatiotemporal inundation simulation in the context of a high-resolution setup. A high similarity was found in the maximum inundation maps by CAW and Weighted Cellular Automata 2 Dimension (WCA2D) model presumably due to the same diffuse wave assumption, showing an average Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) value of 1.3 cm and high scores of binary pattern indices (HR 0.91, FAR 0.02, CSI 0.90). Furthermore, through multiple simulation experiments estimating the effects of land cover and soil conditions on inundation and infiltration, as the impermeability rate increased by 41%, the infiltration decreased by 54% (4.16 mm/m²) while the maximum inundation depth increased by 10% (2.19 mm/m²). It was expected that high-resolution integrated inundation and water cycle analysis considering various land cover and soil conditions in urban areas would be feasible using CAW.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.149-168
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• 2011

The current study initiated from an action-plan level perspective of revitalizing Green IT (Information Technology) in Korea by building a standardized national Green IT brand. In order to setting up a national level brand, there should be a big quantitative survey for identifying Green IT brand concepts. For this, the current study provides exploratory research results based on preliminary interviews and literature survey before the quantitative survey. The present article suggests a research framework and describes important factors for setting up a national level Green IT brand. In-depth interviews with panels were executed and existing Green IT brands in other countries are summarized and asked for evaluation to a small number of panels. The research results show that (1) National level Green IT brand should include wider concepts of IT, (2) Green IT brand will be more appealed by the public when it is simple, straightforward, and intuitive, (3) Earth, Tree, and/or Water show higher correlation with Green IT concepts. Green IT brand will offer marketing promotion effects to companies who adopt national level Green IT brand as well as increase public use of Green IT in daily life. For this reason, Green IT brand will be a win-win strategy and this should be cared and executed by the related government agencies with long term perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

The need for developing sustainable solutions for managing the animal waste is vital for the future of the animal industry in North Carolina. As part of that process, the North Carolina Attorney General has concluded that the public interest will be served by the development and implementation of environmentally superior swine waste management technologies appropriate to each category of hog farms. To facilitate in the development, testing, and evaluation of potential technologies it is necessary that all aspects of environmental issues (air, water, soil, odor and odorants, and disease-transmitting vectors and airborne pathogens) be addressed as Part of a comprehensive strategy, Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen) Is comprehensively addressing these issues.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

Estimation of groundwater hydrologic cycle pattern is one of the most critical issues in sustainable management of groundwater resources in coastal area. This study estimated groundwater percolation by using the water balance methodology and hydrogeological characteristics of land use and soil. Evapotranspiration was computed by using the Thornthwaite method, and surface runoff was determined by using the SCS-CN technique. Groundwater storage change was obtained as 229 mm/a (17.8% of the average annual rainfall, 1286 mm/a), with 693 mm/a (60.1%) of evapotranspiration and 124 mm/a (9.6%) of surface runoff. Rainfall and groundwater storage change was highly correlated, comparing with the relationships between rainfall and evapotranspiration, and between rainfall and surface runoff. This result indicates that groundwater storage change responds more sensitively to precipitation than evapotranspiration and surface runoff.