Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Global Occurrence of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms and N, P-limitation Strategy for Bloom Control

유해 남조류의 세계적 발생현황 및 녹조제어를 위한 질소와 인-제한 전략

  • Ahn, Chi-Yong (Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Lee, Chang Soo (Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Choi, Jae Woo (Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Sanghyup (Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Oh, Hee-Mock (Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology)
  • 안치용 (한국생명공학연구원 바이오에너지연구센터) ;
  • 이창수 (한국생명공학연구원 바이오에너지연구센터) ;
  • 최재우 (한국과학기술연구원 물자원순환연구단) ;
  • 이상협 (한국과학기술연구원 물자원순환연구단) ;
  • 오희목 (한국생명공학연구원 바이오에너지연구센터)
  • Received : 2014.12.15
  • Accepted : 2015.02.03
  • Published : 2015.03.31
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Abstract

Increased harmful algal blooms by cyanobacteria are threatening public health and limiting human activities related with freshwater ecosystems. Phosphorus (P) has long been suggested as a critical nutrient for cyanobacterial bloom through field research in Canada during the 1970s, proposing a P-based freshwater management guideline. However, recently, nitrogen (N) has also been highlighted as an impacting nutrient on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). Due to the intensive and frequent observation of Microcystis, this kind of paradigm shift from P limitation to season-dependent N or P limitation has an important implication for a dual nutrient management strategy in eutrophic freshwaters. Through recent international researches, general strategies to control CyanoHABs in lakes and reservoirs are as follows: a dual nutrient (N & P) reduction, wastewater collection and treatment, pre-treatment of influent water in buffer zones, dredging of sediment, reduction of residence time, algal collection, and precipitation and flocculation of cyanobacteria. In addition, sustainable and integrative freshwater algae management should be carried out, based on the ecological aspect, because cyanobacteria are not the target organism to be eradicated, but an essential microbial member in the freshwater ecosystem.

전세계적으로 2000년대 이후로 남조류에 의한 녹조의 발생이 증가하고 있으며, 이와 관련된 환경 문제가 공중건강을 위협하고 인간 활동을 제한하고 있다. 1970년대 캐나다의 호수를 중심으로 수행된 다년간의 현장 연구를 통하여, 녹조발생의 핵심적인 영양 제한인자로 인이 제시되었고, 인 저감에 대한 수계 관리가 진행되었다. 그러나 2000년대 이후, 대형 담수수계에서 특히 Microcystis에 의한 녹조 현상에서는 인뿐만 아니라 질소가 남조류 녹조 발생에 미치는 영향이 부각되고 있다. 한국의 담수 수계에서도 이와 비슷한 남조류에 의한 위해성 녹조 번성 특징을 갖고 있으므로, 이러한 패러다임의 변화는 국내 담수수계의 영양염류 관리에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 최근 국제적인 관련 연구를 통하여, 위해성 남조류 번성을 막기 위해 제안된 방법은 다음과 같다. 1) 질소와 인을 함께 관리하는 전략, 2) 폐수의 수집 및 처리, 3) 호소 유입수의 사전처리, 4) 저니의 준설, 5) 체류시간의 단축, 6) 조류의 효율적 회수법, 7) 조류의 침강 및 응집 등이 제시되고 있다. 추가적으로 남조류의 생태학적 특성에 기반한 지속가능하고 통합적인 담수수계의 녹조 관리기법이 수립되어야 한다. 녹조를 유발하는 남조류는 척결되어야 할 생물체가 아니라, 담수 수계에 필수적인 미생물 구성원이기 때문이다.

Keywords

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