• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.431-453
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• 2013

The principal purpose of this paper is to present a novel two phases rational scenario applied in constructing an offshore monopod platform; in which the two phases are the all-ground horizontal construction phase and the post-construction phase. Concerning the all-ground construction phase, a brief investigation of its different stages, i.e., pre-fabrication, fabrication, pre-assembling, positioning, assembling, and surface finishing is introduced. The important practical aspects of such construction phase are investigated without going into the nitty-gritty of the details involved therein. Concerning the post-construction phase, a clear investigation of its sequential stages, i.e., lifting, moving and up-righting is introduced. A finite element model (FEM) of the monopod platform is created to perform the structural analysis necessary to decide the suspension points/devices and the handling scenario during the various stages of the post-construction phase on a rational wise. Such structural analysis is performed within the framework of the three dimensional quasi-static modeling and analysis aiming at simulating the realistic handling condition, and hence introducing a reliable physical interpretation of the numerical results. For the whole effort to be demonstrated efficiently, the results obtained are analyzed, the conclusions are presented, and few related recommendations are suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

Cables are used in many applications such as cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges, transmission lines, telephone lines, etc. Generally, the linear relationship is inadequate to present the behavior of cable structure. In finite element analysis, cables have always been modeled as truss elements. For these types of model, the nonlinear behavior of cables has been always ignored. In order to investigate the importance of the nonlinear effect on the structural system, the effect of cable stiffness has been studied. The nonlinear behavior of cable is due to its sag. Therefore, the cable pretension provides a large portion of the inherent stiffness. Since a cable-stayed bridge has numerous degrees of freedom, analytical methods at present are not convenient to solve this type of structures but numerical methods may be feasible. It is necessary to provide a different and more representative analytical model in order to present the effect of cable stiffness on cable-stayed bridges in numerical analysis. The characteristics of cable deformation have also been well addressed. A formulation of modified modulus of elasticity has been proposed using a numerical parametric study. In order to investigate realistic bridges, a cable-stayed bridge having the geometry similar to that of Quincy Bayview Bridge is considered. The numerical results indicate that the characteristics of the cable stiffness are strongly nonlinear. It also significantly affects the structural behaviors of cable-stayed bridge systems.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.685-701
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• 2016

Downbursts are of great harm to transmission lines and many towers can even be destroyed. The downburst wind field model by Chen and Letchford was applied, and the wind loads of two typical transmission towers in inland areas and littoral areas were calculated separately. Spatial finite element models of the transmission towers were established by elastic beam and link elements. The wind loads as well as the dead loads of conductors and insulators were simplified and applied on the suspension points by concentrated form. Structural analysis on two typical transmission towers under normal wind and downburst was completed. The bearing characteristics and the failure modes of the transmission towers under downburst were determined. The failure state of tower members can be judged by the calculated stress ratios. It shows that stress states of the tower members were mainly controlled by 45 degree wind load. For the inland areas with low deign wind velocity, though the structural height is not in the highest wind velocity zone of downburst, the wind load under downburst is much higher than that under normal wind. The main members above the transverse separator of the legs will be firstly destroyed. For the littoral areas with high deign wind velocity, the wind load under downburst is lower than under normal wind. Transmission towers are not controlled by the wind loads from downbursts in design process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.341-356
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• 2001

A new class of semi-active tuned mass dampers, named as "Ground Hook Tuned Mass Damper" (GHTMD) is introduced. This TMD uses a continuously variable semi-active damper (so called 'Ground-Hook') in order to achieve more reduction in the vibration level. The ground-hook dampers have been used in the auto-industry as a means of reducing the vibration of primary suspension systems in vehicles. This paper investigates the application of this damper as an element of a tuned damper for the vibration reduction of force-excited single degree of freedom (SDOF) models that can be representative of many structural systems. The optimum design parameters of GHTMDs are obtained based on the minimization of the steady-state displacement response of the main mass. The optimum design parameters which are evaluated in terms of non-dimensional values of the GHTMD are obtained for different mass ratios and main mass damping ratios. Using the frequency responses of the resulting systems, performance of the GHTMD is compared to that of equivalent passive TMD, and it is found that GHTMDs are more efficient. A design methodology to obtain the tuning parameters of GHTMD using the relationships developed in this paper is presented.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2006

Body-on-frame type vehicle has a set of frame bushes between body and frame for vibration isolation. Such frame bushes are important vibration transmission paths to passenger space for excitations during driving. In order to reduce the vibration level of passenger space, therefore, change of complex stiffness of the frame bushes is more efficient than modification of other parts of the vehicle such as body, frame and suspension. The purpose of this study is to reduce the vibration level for ride comfort by optimization of complex stiffness of frame bushes. In order to do this, a simple finite element vehicle model was constructed and complex stiffness of the frame bushes was set to be design variables. The objective function was defined to reflect frequency dependence of passenger ride comfort. Genetic algorithm and sub-structure synthesis were applied for minimization of the objective function. After optimization level at a position of interest on the car body was reduced by about 43.7 % in RMS value. Causes for optimization results are discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2020

An ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission system has the advantages of low circuitry loss, high bulk capacity and long-distance transmission capabilities over conventional transmission systems, but it is easier for this system to cross fault rupture zones and become damaged during earthquakes. This paper experimentally and numerically investigates the seismic responses and collapse failure of a UHV transmission tower-line system crossing a fault. A 1:25 reduced-scale model is constructed and tested by using shaking tables to evaluate the influence of the forward-directivity and fling-step effects on the responses of suspension-type towers. Furthermore, the collapse failure tests of the system under specific cross-fault scenarios are carried out. The corresponding finite element (FE) model is established in ABAQUS software and verified based on the Tian-Ma-Qu material model. The results reveal that the seismic responses of the transmission system under the cross-fault scenario are larger than those under the near-fault scenario, and the permanent ground displacements in the fling-step ground motions tend to magnify the seismic responses of the fault-crossing transmission system. The critical collapse peak ground acceleration (PGA), failure mode and weak position determined by the model experiment and numerical simulation are in relatively good agreement. The sequential failure of the members in Segments 4 and 5 leads to the collapse of the entire model, whereas other segments basically remain in the intact state.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호통권70호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2004

선행연구에서 개발된 개선된 초기형상해석법을 이용하여 케이블지지교량의 초기장력과 보강거더, 주탑의 축방향 압축력을 구하였으며, 이를 이용하여, 케이블 지지교량의 전체 시스템에 대한 좌굴해석을 할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 케이블은 트러스요소, 주탑과 보강거더는 보-기둥요소로 모델링하고 대응하는 탄성 및 기하강성행렬을 제시하였다. 초기평형해석을 통하여 얻은 부재력을 이용하여 좌굴파라미터값을 결정하고 이에 대응하는 각 주요부재의 좌굴하중을 산정하고 유효좌굴길이를 구한다. 사장교 및 자정식 현수교에 대하여 결과를 제시하였으며, 결론적으로 이렇게 구한 유효좌굴길이는 축방향력 및 휨모멘트를 동시에 받는 케이블 지지교량의 부재의 안정성 검토에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

승용 차량과 항공기와 같은 대형 구조물에 대한 해석에는 유한요소법이 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 대형 구조물을 유한요소로 모델화 하여 해석하는 경우에는 자유도의 수가 수천에서 수만에 이르게 되어 이를 직접 해석하기 위해서는 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하다. 따라서 차량 모델과 같은 대형 복잡 구조물을 효율적으로 해석하기 위해 부분구조 합성법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Craig-Bampton 방법을 이용한 전차량 모델링 방법을 제안하고 전차량 모델의 진동 특성을 분석하였다. 차량 모델을 구성하는 각 부분을 각각 부분구조 모델로 치환한 후 다시 합성하여 전차량 모델을 구성하였다. 또한, 서브프레임 주요 설계변수, 즉 마운트 위치나 프레임 크기의 편차가 전체 시스템의 모드 특성의 통계적 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 자동차 서스펜션 구조에 일반적으로 사용되는 용접부 형상에 대하여 굽힘 하중에 의한 피로수명을 예측할 수 있는 절차를 개발하였다. 이종 재료로 이루어진 실제 제품 용접 연결부의 피로수명 예측을 위해, 복잡한 형상의 제품을 단순화한 용접 시편을 설계하고 이에 대한 굽힘 피로 시험을 진행한 후 모멘트-피로수명(M-N) 선도를 제시하였다. 응력 집중에 의한 영향을 분석하기 위해 시편의 형상을 모델링 한 후 정적 하중에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하여 균열 발생부의 응력을 구하고 응력-피로수명(S-N) 선도를 제시하였다. 유한요소해석을 통해 구한 응력과 이론 계산을 통해 구해준 응력을 이용하여 응력집중계수를 계산하였고, 응력집중부의 피로평가 방법 개선을 위해 보편적으로 사용되는 피로노치계수 평가법과 굽힘 피로 시험 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과, 이종 재질 용접 연결부의 정확한 피로 수명평가를 위해서는 기하형상을 고려한 피로노치계수 평가 분석뿐만 아니라 두 소재의 맞대기 용접 시편에 대한 피로 시험을 수행해 주어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.538-546
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• 2020

본 연구는 최근 코로나19의 등장으로 인해 재조명받고 있는 에피데믹 영화를 제재로 삼고 있다. 특히 국내의 재난 영화 속 '에피데믹 장르'는 <감기>, <부산행>, <연가시>가 대표작이라 할 수 있는데 이들의 흥행성적표는 제각기 달랐다. 본 연구자는 에피데믹 영화를 장르 영화의 한 관점이라 설정하고, 장르 영화의 3요소인 포뮬라, 컨벤션, 아이코노그래피 측면에서 세 가지 영화를 분석하고 이를 비교분석했다. 팬데믹 영화에서 중요한 요소는 '서스펜스의 지속', '에피데믹 설정의 모호화'를 통한 현실성의 제고였으며 향후 국내 에피데믹 영화가 국제 시장으로 진출하기 위해서는 지나친 사회적 요소는 배제해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 마지막으로, 최근 코로나19 사태로 인해 주목받게 된 새로운 한국 영화의 장르인 '에피데믹 장르'를 통해 한국 영화 산업이 보다 깊이 있게 발전하길 바란다.