• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1993

To determine the effective dose of $17\beta-estradiol$ on the production of all female populations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the first feeding-stage larvae were fed 0, 60, 120, 240 and 480 ppm of $17\beta-estradiol$ in the diet for 30 days. Rates of sex reversal, survival and growth of each treated group were analyzed. Effects of 3 different treatment durations, 10, 20 and 30 days, treated with 480 ppm $17\beta-estradiol$ in the diet to produce all females, were also evaluated. The incidence of female fish were clearly dose and time dependent. The female induction rate of 0, 60, 120, 240 and 480 ppm were 47.5, 86.4, 91.3, 97.0 and $100\%$, respectively. Female induction rates of 480 ppm treated for 10, 20 and 30 days were 64.2, 84.3 and $100\%$ respectively. The survival rate of each treated group was not different from the control, and the growth rates of the treatment groups decreased as the treatment duration and the concentration of the estrogen hormone increased.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

Purpose: Evaluating the clinicopathologic characteristics of recurred gastric cancer is essential for early detection of the recurrence and for better clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to establish the patterns of the recurrence, the timing of the recurrence, and the clinical result after recurrence according to the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: From June 1992 to December 2005, of the 1338 gastric cancer patients who underwent a curative gastric resection, 241 patients who recurred during the follow-up period were selected and their cases were analyzed. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients, the time to recurrence after operation and survival were determined retrospectively according to the type of recurrence. Results: For the recurrent group, the numbers of total gastrectomies, advanced stages, lymphatic and/or venous infiltrations, whole stomach cancer cases, large tumors, undifferentiated tumors, and Borrmann type 4 tumors were higher than they were for the non-recurrent group, and the differences were statistically significant. When the recurrence types were classified as peritoneal seeding, hematogenous recurrence, and locoregional recurrence, independent risk factors were female gender, stage III, upper third, and whlole stomach cancer, and undifferentiated- type, diffuse-type, and Borrmann type 4 tumors for peritoneal seeding; early gastric cancer, stage I for hematogenous recurrence; and Borrmann type 1, 2, and 3 tumors for locoregional recurrence. Survival duration after detection of the recurrence was shorter for peritoneal seeding than for hematogenous or locoregional recurrence (7.0 months vs. 9.5 months and 12.5 months). Conclusion: For early detection of the recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer, it is important to recognize that the high risk factors for recurrence vary with the clinicopathologic data for the patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2014

Background: As hypertrophied myocardium predisposes the patient to decreased tolerance to ischemia and increased reperfusion injury, myocardial protection is of utmost importance in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). Methods: Consecutive 314 patients (mean age, $62.5{\pm}10.8$ years; 143 females) with severe AS undergoing isolated AVR were included. Postoperative myocardial injury (PMI) was defined as 1) maximum postoperative creatinine kinase isoenzyme MB or troponin-I levels ${\geq}10$ times of reference, 2) postoperative low cardiac output syndrome or episodes of ventricular arrhythmia, or 3) left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 55% and decrease in left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction of more than 20% of the baseline value. Results: There were 90 patients (28.7%) who developed PMI. There were five cases of early death (1.6%), all of whom had PMI. On multivariable analysis, the use of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution instead of blood cardioplegia (odds ratio [OR], 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63 to 5.77; p=0.001), greater LV mass (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07; p=0.007), and increased cardiac ischemic time (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.22; p<0.001) were independent predictors for PMI. Patients who had PMI showed significantly inferior long-term survival than those without PMI (p=0.049). Conclusion: PMI occurred in a considerable proportion of patients undergoing AVR for severe AS and was associated with poor long-term survival. HTK cardioplegia, higher LV mass, and longer cardiac ischemic duration were suggested as predictors of myocardial injury.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.425-432
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of livestock disease news, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), collected by the Korea Press Foundation on BIGKinds on the consumption of beef and pork. The consumer purchase data were obtained from the Rural Development Administration's Agrifood consumer panel data. Survival analysis showed that the FMD news noted beef and pork, and the first purchase rate decreased due to FMD news. The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model revealed all models to be significant. FMD news was significant in each model. In 2010, the Hazard Ratio of domestic and imported pork was 0.999, and the first purchase rate decreased 0.999 times for each additional FMD news item. On the other hand, the Hazard Ratio of pork in 2015 was 1.001, and the first purchase rate increased. In the case of beef, results similar to pork were shown. This study estimated the impact of consumer meat consumption disease news on the first purchases according to origin and meat. These results provide the necessary information for rational production and consumption activities. In addition, it can also be used for promotion by estimating the duration of livestock disease news.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.221-249
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate determinants that affect job retention of injured workers depending upon types of return to work in order to suggest define the intervention priority for those who returned to original works and for those who did not. After constructing explaining variables based on literature reviews, determinants were verified analyzing 1,292 people using Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance(PSWCI) data. The job retention period turned out to be 46.6 months for those who returned to original work and 34.2 month for those who returned to new works. Injured workers who return to new works tend to have more unemployment experiences. As a result of Cox proportional regression analysis, the longer it takes to return to work, the longer both groups tend to retain after the accident. Age, recuperation period, health status, psycho-social rehabilitation, education and occupational training also affect on job retention probability for those who return to new work. Based upon the analyzed result, setting up an adequate duration for return-to-work, intervention for injured workers who experienced vulnerable working condition before the accident and continuous case management after return-to-work are suggested.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2018

Background Recently, modern technology such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neuro-navigation and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) have been actively adopted for the treatment of thalamic tumors. We evaluated surgical outcomes and efficacy of the aforementioned technologies for the treatment of pediatric thalamic tumors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 37 children with thalamic tumors between 2004 and 2017. There were 44 operations (27 tumor resections, 17 biopsies). DTI was employed in 17 cases, neuro-navigation in 23 cases and IOM in 14 cases. All diagnoses were revised according to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated, and relevant prognostic factors were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 19 months. Results Fifteen cases were gross total resections (GTR), 6 subtotal resections (STR), and 6 partial resections (PR). Neurological status did not worsen after 22 tumor resections. There were statistically significant differences in terms of the extent of resection between the groups with DTI, neuro-navigation and IOM (n=12, GTR or STR=12) and the group without at least one of the three techniques (n= 15, GTR or STR=9, p=0.020). The mean PFS was $87.2{\pm}38.0$ months, and the mean OS $90.7{\pm}36.1$ months. The 5-year PFS was 37%, and the 5-year OS 47%. The histological grade ($p{\leq}0.001$) and adjuvant therapy (done vs. not done, p=0.016) were significantly related to longer PFS. The histological grade (p=0.002) and the extent of removal (GTR/STR vs. PR/biopsy, p=0.047) were significantly related to longer OS. Conclusion Maximal surgical resection was achieved with acceptable morbidity in children with thalamic tumors by employing DTI, neuro-navigation and IOM. Maximal tumor resection was a relevant clinical factor affecting OS; therefore, it should be considered the initial therapeutic option for pediatric thalamic tumors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2021

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe, life-threatening inflammatory condition if untreated. We aimed to investigate the etiologies, outcomes, and risk factors for death in children and adults with HLH. Methods: The medical records of patients who met the HLH criteria of two regional university hospitals in Korea between January 2001 and December 2019 were retrospectively investigated. Results: Sixty patients with HLH (35 children and 25 adults) were included. The median age at diagnosis was 7.0 years (range, 0.1-83 years), and the median follow-up duration was 8.5 months (range, 0-204 months). Four patients had primary HLH, 48 patients had secondary HLH (20 infection-associated, 18 neoplasm-associated, and 10 autoimmune-associated HLH), and eight patients had HLH of unknown cause. Infection was the most common cause in children (14/35, 40.0%), whereas neoplasia was the most common cause in adults (13/25, 52.0%). Twenty-eight patients were treated with HLH-2004/94 immunochemotherapy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for all HLH patients was 59.9%. The 5-year OS rates for patients with primary, infection-associated, neoplasm-associated, autoimmune-associated, and unknown cause HLH were 25.0%, 85.0%, 26.7%, 87.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, neoplasm-induced HLH (p=0.001) and a platelet count <50×10⁹/L (p=0.008) were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with HLH. Conclusion: Infection was the most common cause of HLH in children, while it was neoplasia in adults. The 5-year OS rate for all HLH patients was 59.9%. HLH caused by an underlying neoplasm or a low platelet count at the time of diagnosis were risk factors for poor prognosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2023

Background: Patients who require initial venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support may need to undergo veno-arteriovenous ECMO (VAV ECMO) conversion. However, there are no definitive criteria for conversion to VAV ECMO. We report 9 cases of VAV ECMO at Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine. Methods: Of 158 patients who received ECMO support between January 2017 and June 2019, 82 were supported by initial VA ECMO. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9 patients (7 men and 2 women; age, 53.1±19.4 years) who had differential hypoxia and required VAV ECMO support. Percutaneous transaortic catheter venting was used to detect the differential hypoxia. Results: Among the 82 patients who received VA ECMO support, 9 (10.9%) had differential hypoxia and required conversion to VAV ECMO support. The mean time from VA ECMO support to VAV ECMO support and the mean duration of the VAV support were 2.1±2.2 days and 1.9±1.5 days, respectively. The average peak inspiratory pressure before and after VAV ECMO application was 23.89±3.95 cmH₂O and 20.67±5.72 cmH₂O, respectively, decreasing by an average of 3.2±3.5 cmH₂O (p=0.040). The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio was kept below 100 mm Hg in survivors and non-survivors for 116±65.4 and 250±124.9 minutes, respectively (p=0.016). Six patients underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, of whom 4 survived (67%). The overall survival rate of patients who underwent conversion from VA ECMO to VAV ECMO was approximately 56%. Conclusion: Rapid detection of differential hypoxia is required when VA ECMO is applied, and efficient conversion to VAV ECMO may be critical for patient survival.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4D
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• pp.323-330
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• 2010

The time in port for vessels is one of the important factors for analyzing the operation status and the capacity of ports. In addition, the time in port for vessels can be directly used for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions resulted from vessels in port. However, it is unclear which variables can affect the time in port for vessels and what the marginal effect of each variable is. With these challenges in mind, the study analyzes the time in port for vessels arriving and departing port of Busan by using a parametric survival model. The results show that the log-logistic accelerated failure time model is appropriate to explain the time in port for 19,167 vessels arriving and departing port of Busan in 2008, in which the time in port is significantly affected by gross tonnage of vessels, service capacity of terminal, and vessel type. This study also shows that the greenhouse gas emission resulted from full-container vessels, which accounted for about 61% of all vessels with loading/unloading purpose arriving and departing port of Busan in 2008, is about "17 ton/vessel" in the boundary of port of Busan. However, the hotelling greenhouse gas emissions resulted from non-container vessels (3,774 vessels; 20%) are greater than those from the full-container vessels. Hence, it is necessary to take into account more efficient port management polices and technologies to reduce the service time of non-container vessels in port of Busan.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Purpose: We tried to evaluate the role of conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oropharyngeal cancer in terms of survival rates and to identify prognostic factors affecting survival by retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty seven patients of oropharyngeal cancer were treated by conventional radiotherapy in our hospital from Nov. 1985 to APr. 1993. Of these, twenty six patients were treated by conventional radio-therapy alone, and 21 patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of mostly two or more cycles of cisplatin and pepleomycin. The Patient characteristics of radiotherapy alone group and neoadjuvant chemotherapy group were not different generally. Radiotherapy was performed by 6MV-LINAC and the total radiation doses of Primary tumors were 54.0-79.2 Gy and cervical lymph nodes were 55.8-90.0 Gy with a fraction size of 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per day. The range of follow-up periods was 3-102 months and median was 20 months. The range of a9e was 33-79 years old and median was 58 years old. Results : Overall 3-year actuarial survival rate (3YSR) of all patients was $39\%$. The 3YSRS of stage I (n=5), II (n=11), III (n=12) and IV (n=19) were 60, 55, 33 and $32\%$, respectively The 3YSRS of Tl+2, T3+4 and No, N+ were 55, $18\%$ (p=0.005) and 43, $36\%$ (p>0.1), respectively. There was no difference in 3YSRS between radiotherapy alone group and neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (38 vs $43\%$, p>0.1). According to the original site of primary tumor, the 3YSRS of tonsil (n=32), base of tongue (n=8), soft palate or uvula (n=6) and pharyngeal wall (n=1) were 36 38, 67 and $0\%$, respectively The Patients of soft palate or uvular cancer had longer survival than other primaries but the difference was not significant statistically (p>0.1). Of 32 patients of tonsillar cancer, 22 Patients who had primary extension to adjacent tissue showed inferior survival rate to the ones who had not Primary extension, but the difference was marginally significant statistically (24 vs $60\%$, p=0.08). On Cox multivariate analysis in entire patients with variables of age, T stage, N stage, total duration of radiotherapy, the site of primary tumor and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, only T stage was a significant Prognostic factor affecting 3YSR. Conclusion : The difference of 3YASRS of conventional radiotherapy alone group and neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was not significant statistically. These treatments could be effective in oropharyngeal cancer of early stage, especially such as soft palate, uvular or tonsillar cancer which did not extend to adjacent tissue. But in order to improve the survival of patients of most advanced oropharyngeal cancer, other altered fractionated radiotherapy such as hyperfractionation rather than conventional fractionation or multi-modal approach combining radiotherapy and accessible surgery or concurrent chemotherapy might be beneficial.