• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.159-171
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• 1993

The effects of environmental factors (density, light, temperature) and live food on growth and survival rate of zoea and mysis of fleshy shrimp, Penaeus chinensis, were examined. The percent survival rates at the culture densities of 200 and 300 larvae per liter were significantly higher than that of 500 larvae per liter (p< 0.05). The percent survival rates at the culture densities of 100, 200, 300 and 500 larvae per liter were $90.3^{ab},\;95.2^a,\;94.3^a\;and\;86.7^b\%$ (p< 0.05). The effects of light conditions with diatom premix diet showed that continuous light was the best for the survival rate, $96.5\%$. Natural light and continuous darkness showed the survival rates $79.0\%\;and\;4.3\%$, respectively. On the rearing temperature, the survival rates were $97.3\%\;at\;19^{\circ}C\;and\;96.7\%\;at\;22^{\circ}C$ with little difference but the higher temperature resulted in faster growth. The survival rate was $51.6\%;at\;25^{\circ}C$ thus showing significant decrease compared to $19^{\circ}C\;and\;22^{\circ}C$. At this temperature the growth was also suffered. With regard to dietary value of live food, both the best survival rate and the fastest growth were obtained when 6 mixed species of diatom (A. normaii, C. simplex, N closterium, P. tricornutum, S. costatum and T. weissflogii) were provided. When single species was supplied the best survival rate $(82.1\%)$ was obtained with S. costatum, but the other species resulted in much inferior survival rates $(below\;80.0\%)$ and poor growth.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.823-829
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of sintered porous-surfaced implants placed in the edentulous posterior mandibles, in relation to implant length and diameter, crown-to-implant ratio, and types of prostheses, for a maximum of eight years of functioning. Material and Methods : The study group consisted of 43 partially edentulous patients who visited Catholic University Hospital of Daegu and one private dental clinic. A total of 122 sintered porous-surfaced implants n $Endopore^{(R)}$ (Inn ova Life Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) -- were placed in the edentulous posterior mandibles, Two diameter sizes (4.1 mm and 5.0 mm) and four lengths (5.0 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.0 mm, and 12.0 mm) were used. One hundred and three implants were splinted and 21 implants were nonsplinted. The survival rates of the implants in relation to length, diameter, crown-to-implant ratio, and types of prostheses were investigated. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS Win.Ver 14.0 software with the Chi-square test. Results : The survival rate of the 4.1mm diameter implants was 100% and 91.2% for the 5.0mm diameter implants. The survival rates of the implants of differing diameters were found to be statistically different (p=0.005). The survival rates of both the 5.0mm and 7.0 mm length implants were 100%. The survival rate of the 9.0mm length implants was 97.9% and for the 12.0mm length implants was 95.1%. There was no statistical difference in survival rates for the differing lengths of implants. Of the 103 prostheses that were splinted, the survival rate was 98.0%. The survival rate of splinted prostheses was higher than that of the non-splinted prostheses, but was found to be not statistically different. There were no failed cases when the crown-to-implant ratio was under 1.0. When the crown-to-implant ratio was between 1.0 and 1.5, the failure rate of the implants was 6.7%. No failure was recorded with the ratio range of 1.5 to 2.0. Relative to the crown-to-implant ratio of 1.0, the failure rates were statistically different (p=0.048). Discussion and Conclusion : The cumulative survival rate of the porous-surfaced implants placed in the edentulous posterior mandibles was 97.5%. Short porous-surfaced implants showed satisfactory results after a maximum of nine years of functioning in the edentulous posterior mandibles.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration and equilibration time of cryoprotective agents on the survival rate of slowly and ultrarapidly frozen porcine embryos. The porcine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival rate was defined as development rat to the morula and blastocyst stage after in vitro culture or by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0M glycerol was 65.3, 61.8, 64.3, 59.4 or 39.4%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 2.0M glycerol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 2. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultraradpid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO was 65.6, 67.6, 68.6, 60.6 or 23.6%, respectively. However, addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 3.0M DMSO showed higher survival rate than those of 2.0, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO. 3. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M propanediol was 63.2, 60.3, 62.1, 52.3 or 24.3%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucroese into the freezing medium containing 2.0M propanediol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 4. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing the freezing medium of 2.0M glycerol added 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose was 61.8, 70.8, 67.6 or 52.2%, respectively. Addition of 2.0M glycerol into the freezing medium containing 0.25M sucreose showed higher survival rate than that those of 0.10, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose. 5. The higher suvival rate of porcine embryos were attained at short period of equilibration time 92.5~5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucreose and 3.0M compared to those of 10 or 20min. equilibration time in the same condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2015

We consider counterparty risk in CDS rates. To do so, we use a multivariate jump diffusion process for obligors' default intensity, where jumps (i.e. magnitude of contribution of primary events to default intensities) occur simultaneously and their sizes are dependent. For these simultaneous jumps and their sizes, a homogeneous Poisson process. We apply copula-dependent default intensities of multivariate Cox process to derive the joint Laplace transform that provides us with joint survival/default probability and other relevant joint probabilities. For that purpose, the piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP) theory developed in [7] and the martingale methodology in [6] are used. We compute survival/default probability using three copulas, which are Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM), Gaussian and Student-t copulas, with exponential marginal distributions. We then apply the results to calculate CDS rates assuming deterministic rate of interest and recovery rate. We also conduct sensitivity analysis for the CDS rates by changing the relevant parameters and provide their figures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.303-309
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• 1993

Between November 1983 and December 1992, 121 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy in Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital. Of these,97 patients were evaluable and analyzed retrospectively. Group 1 (n=62)was treated with radiotherapy alone and group 2 (n=35) combined with chemotherapy. There were 7 patients, 1 patient with stage I and II ,20 patients, 11 patients with stage IIIA,28 patients, 20 patients with stage IIIB, and 6 patients, 3 patients with stage IV, respectively. Ninety percent of patients received more than 5000 cGy of radiaton. Median survival of patients in group 1 was 9 months, group 2 was 15 months. Overall 2 year survival rates of group 1 and 2 were $37\%\;and\;27\%$, respectively. Relapse free survival rates at 2 year were $27\%\;and\;15\%$, respectively. Overall survival rates at 5 year for group 1 and 2 were $15\%\;and\;11\%$, and relapse free survival rates were $16\%\;and\;6\%,$ respectively. Median survival of complete and partial responders was 47 months in group 1,18 months in group 2, and those of stable or progression was 6 months,11 months, respectively. The proportion of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis was not significantly different between group 1 and 2. The majority of relapse developed within 2 years. Although 2 cases of severe esophagitis and myelosuppression were noted in group 2, the treatment related toxicity was relatively acceptable. Our analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of response rate, survival, and sites of relapse.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.586-590
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• 2008

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients histologically proven to have stage N2 disease by media-stinoscope or thoracoscope underwent subsequent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This study was designed to find out if there were any differences in survival or recurrence rates between N2 positive and N2 negative patients. Material and Method: Between January 1998 and December 2005, we retrospectively analyzed 69 patients who were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of patients whose N stage was downstaged, group B of patients whose N stage was the same, and Group C of patients who could not undergo surgery because of disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. We analyzed and compared the mean survival, three-year survival, mean disease-free survival, and three-year disease-free survival rates for the three groups. Result: There were no demographic differences among the groups. The mean survival was 58, 47, and 21 months for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The mean survival was longest in group A, but no statistically significant difference was found on A-B or B-C group comparison (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was noted between group A and group C (p : 0.01). Three-year survival rates were 67%, 41%, and 21.6% for groups A, B, and C, respectively, with a statistical difference similar to that seen in mean survival. The mean disease-free survival was 44 months in group A and 45 months in group B, with no statistically significant difference noted. No significant differences were noted in the three-year disease-free survival rates (55.1%, 46.8%). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in survival or recurrence rates with changes in N stage after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. However, mean survival, three-year survival, and three-year disease-free survival rates tended to be higher in downstaged patients. Nevertheless, the difference was statistically insignificant, and therefore further studies with more patients and longer follow-up are necessary to clarify the positive effects on the survival and prognosis of downstaged patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 1991

Radiation protective fraction was Isolated and partially purified from Korean white ginseng. The effect of the fraction was studied on the cell survival of W-damaged CHO-Kl cells. As a result, it was found that the fraction increased the survival rate of damaged cells significantly within the dose range of which cytotoxicity did not appear This fraction was separated into two parts by adding butanol, namely the precipitated protein component and the butanol extract. Damaged cells were treated with each of these components and their survival rates were measured. The protein component demonstrated significant increase in the survival rates, while the butanol extract showed no such increment. These results suggest that the radiation protective effect of the ginseng fraction is originated from the butanol-precipitated protein component, not from the butanol-soluble compounds.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4591-4594
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. Other than hospital-based results, there are no documented population-based survival rates of Malaysian women for breast cancers. This populationbased retrospective cohort study was therefore conducted. Data were obtained from Health Informatics Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, National Cancer Registry and National Registration Department for the period from $1^{st}$ January 2000 to $31^{st}$ December 2005. Cases were captured by ICD-10 and linked to death certificates to identify the status. Only complete data were analysed. Survival time was calculated from the estimated date of diagnosis to the date of death or date of loss to follow-up. Observed survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method using SPSS Statistical Software version 17. A total of 10,230 complete data sets were analysed. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.6 years old. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% with median survival time of 68.1 months. Indian women had a higher survival rate of 54% compared to Chinese women (49%) and Malays (45%). The overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patient among Malaysian women was still low for the cohort of 2000 to 2005 as compared to survival rates in developed nations. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the strategies for early detection and intervention.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.801-810
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• 2013

To improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing water-retaining property of the soil, Superabsorbent synthetic polymeric materials have been used. The experiment carried out from April to July 2012 after the influence evaluation of Superabsorbent synthetic polymeric materials to vines plant. The result shows that the study of Hedera japonica Tobler, the growth and the survival rates rank as media > hydroponic > superabsorbent synthetic polymers, and the growth and the survival rates are considerably pessimistic in the experiment of hydroponic and superabsorbent synthetic polymers. In the study of Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, the growth and the survival rates rank as hydroponic > media > superabsorbent synthetic polymers, the difference between the experiment of hydroponic and is very small and the survival rates are not very good in the experiment of superabsorbent synthetic polymers. In the study of Euonymus fortunei var. radicans Rehder,it is insignificantly difference among the different of planting based. Judging from these results, the differences are depending on the species of plants. The thesis holds that the characteristics of plant should be considered in plant cultivation and soil improvement in the future, and it is desirable to use the appropriate mixing ratio of soil in soil improvement as well.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1991

This stduy was carried out in order to investigate the effects of concentration and equilibration time of cryoprotective agents on survival rate of slow and ultrarapidly frozen in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. In vitro fertilized bovine embryos, following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and sucrose, were slowly freezed(from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to -7$^{\circ}C$/-1$^{\circ}C$/min., from -7$^{\circ}C$ -35$^{\circ}C$/-0.2$^{\circ}C$/min. from -35$^{\circ}C$ to -38$^{\circ}C$/-0.3$^{\circ}C$/min.) by cell freezer and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water. Survival rate was defined by development rate to the morula and blastocyst stage after in vitro cultured and FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after slow frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.5M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol and 2.5M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol were 84.3%, 85.9%, 77.8%, 74.3%, respectively. 2. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after slow frozen-thawing in the freezing of 0.50M sucrose added 2.5M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol and 2.5M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol were 83.8%, 85.1%, 71.4%, 74.6%, respectively. 3. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing of 0.25M sucrose added 2.5M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol and 2.5M glycerol＋3.0M propanediol were 69.3%, 70.8%, 63.2%, 67.1%, respectively. 4. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing of 0.25M sucrose added 2.5M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol and 2.5M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol were 69.4%, 70.1%, 62.3%, 63.5%, respectively. 5. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after slow and ultrarapid fromthawing in the freezing medium of sucrose added cryoprotective agents were not significant difference between 5min. and 10min. of equilibration time.