• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

This Study was carried out ot investigate the effects of concentration and equilibration time of cryoprotective aagents on survival rate of slowly and ultrarapidly frozen porcine embryos. The porcine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and 0.25M sucrose were slowly freezed(from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to -7$^{\circ}C$/-1$^{\circ}C$/min., from -7$^{\circ}C$ to -35$^{\circ}C$/-0.2$^{\circ}C$/min., from -35$^{\circ}C$ to -38$^{\circ}C$/-0.3$^{\circ}C$/min.) by Cell Freezer and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival rate was defined as development rate to the morula and blastocyst stage after in vitro culture or by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of porcine embryos after slow frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol or 2.0M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol was 80.6, 84.7, 75.0 or 78.8%, respectively. 2. The survival rates of porcine embryos after slow frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.50M sucrose added 2.0M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol or 2.0M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol was 80.9, 82.4, 73.1 or 77.1%, respectively. 3. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0M propanediol or 2.0M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol was 65.3, 68.6, 63.2 or 59.9%, respectively. 4. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.50M sucrose added 2.0M glycerol, 3.0M DMSO, 2.0 propanediol or 2.0M glycerol＋2.0M propanediol was 67.5, 62.9, 56.9, or 62.8%, respectively. 5. The higher survival rate of porcine embryos was attained at the short period ofequilibration time(5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucrose and 3.0 DMSO compared to those of 10 or 20min. equilibration time in the same condition.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and prognostic factors for patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy following surgery or with radiation therapy alone for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 132 esophageal cancer patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy following surgery or patients who were treated with radiation therapy alone at our institution from 1989 to 2006. Thirty-five patients had stage II disease, 88 patients had stage III disease and nine patients had stage IV disease. Tumors were located at the upper esophagus in 18 patients, the mid esophagus in 81 patients and the distal esophagus in 33 patients. Sixty patients were treated with radiation therapy alone and 72 patients were treated with postoperative radiation therapy following surgery. Eight patients received a dose less than 40 Gy and 78 patients received a dose of 40 to 50 Gy. The remaining 46 patients received a dose of 50 to 60 Gy. The majority of patients who underwent postoperative radiation therapy received a dose of 45 Gy. Results: Actuarial survival rates for all of the patients at two years and five years were 24% and 5%, respectively. The median survival time was 11 months. Survival rates for patients who underwent postoperative RT at two years and five years were 29% and 8%, respectively. The corresponding survival rates for patients who received radiation alone were 18% and 2%, respectively. Survival rates at two years and five years were 43% and 15% for stage II disease, 22% and 2% for stage III disease and 0% and 0% for stage IV disease, respectively; these findings were statistically significant. Two-year survival rates for patients with upper, middle and distal esophageal cancer were 19, 29% and 22%, respectively. Although there was a trend of slightly better survival for middle esophageal tumors, this finding was not statistically significant. Complete response to radiation was achieved in 13 patients (22%) and partial response to radiation was achieved in 40 patients (67%) who received radiation alone. No response to radiation was noted in seven patients (12%). A statistically significant difference in survival rates was seen between patients that had a complete response and patients that had a partial response. Two-year survival rates for patients that had a complete response versus patients that had a partial response were 31% and 17%, respectively. There were no survivors for patients with no response as determined at two-year follow-up. Conclusion: We conclude that radiation therapy is an effective treatment for esophageal cancer. Stage and response to radiation therapy were noted to be prognostic factors. A more effective treatment modality is needed to improve long term survival because of the relatively dismal prognosis for this tumor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.474-481
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• 2011

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by air low limitation, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There have been many studies on survival rates in the world literature, but there have been few reports regarding the survival rate in Korean patients with COPD. Acute exacerbation is regarded as a risk factor for mortality in patients with COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival rate and the effect of acute exacerbations on the survival rate of Korean patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 502 COPD patients who were diagnosed on the basis of history and lung function tests were enrolled in this study. The frequency of acute exacerbations, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulmonary hypertension were analyzed. Results: The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 98% and 83%, respectively. The median survival time was 78 months. The median survival time was 55 months in 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were significantly lower in the 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations than in those without any. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with CRP>3 mg/L than in those with CRP ${\leq}3$ mg/L (p<0.005); it was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in those without it (p<0.01). Conclusion: Because the 5-year survival rate is 83% in Korean patients with COPD, the management of stable patients with COPD should focus on the prevention of acute exacerbations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasing annually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continue to result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, where standardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees' healthcare scheme. We studied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were 95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai. One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic, reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India and discrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumors belonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-year survival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher composite stage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63-13.62) had a higher risk of mortality than women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached the significant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our results are comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitable access to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises that equitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and better survival in India.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.122-135
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• 2024

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to assess the long-term cumulative survival rate of titanium, sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched implants over a 10-year follow-up period and investigate the factors affecting the survival rate and change in marginal bone loss (MBL). Methods: The study included 400 patients who underwent dental implant placement at the Department of Periodontology of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH) between 2005 and 2015. Panoramic radiographic images and dental records of patients were collected and examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis to determine the survival rates and identify any factors related to implant failure and MBL. Results: A total of 782 implants were placed with a follow-up period ranging from 0 to 16 years (mean: 8.21±3.75 years). Overall, 25 implants were lost, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 96.8%. Comparisons of the research variables regarding cumulative survival rate mostly yielded insignificant results. The mean mesial and distal MBLs were 1.85±2.31 mm and 1.59±2.03 mm, respectively. Factors influencing these values included age, diabetes mellitus (DM), jaw location, implant diameter, bone augmentation surgery, and prosthetic unit. Conclusions: This study found that the implant survival rates at SNUDH fell within the acceptable published criteria. The patients' sex, age, DM status, implant location, implant design, implant size, surgical type, bone augmentation, and prosthetic unit had no discernible influence on long-term implant survival. Sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched implants might offer advantages in terms of implant longevity and consistent clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1495-1505
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate survival rate and fish movement (migration) using a tagging approach of passive integrated transponder (PIT) in Juksan Weir, which was constructed as a four major river restoration projects. For this study, survival rates of each fish species and the mobility of fish individuals were analyzed during 2 weeks by the insertion of PIT tags to various fish species in the laboratory. According to tagging tests in the laboratory, the survival rate 37.5% (30 survivals of 80 individuals) after the insertion of PIT tags. The survival rate of Carassius auratus and Hemibarbus labeo was 100% and 80% after the insertion of the tags, respectively, whereas it was only 13.3% for Zacco platypus. In the field experiments of Juksan Weir, 6 species and 157 individuals from 8 species (563 individuals) were detected in the fixed automatic data-logging system, indicating a detection rate of 27.9% in the fishway of Juksan Weir. In the meantime, some species with no or low detection rates in the fixed automatic data-logging system were turn out to be stagnant-type species, which prefer stagnant or standing water to live.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5525-5528
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Improvements of early diagnosis modalities have led to longer survival rates. This study aimed to determine the 5, 10 and 15 year mortality rates of breast cancer patients compared to the normal female population. Materials and Methods: The follow up data of a cohort of 615 breast cancer patients referred to Iranian Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC) from 1986 to 1996 was considered as reference breast cancer dataset. The dataset was divided into 5 year age groups and the 5, 10 and 15 year probability of death for each group was estimated. The annual mortality rate of Iranian women was obtained from the Death Registry system. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of breast cancer patients were calculated using the ratio of the mortality rate in breast cancer patients over the general female population. Results: The mean age of breast cancer patients at diagnosis time was 45.9 (${\pm}10.5$) years ranging from 24-74. A total of 73, 32 and 2 deaths were recorded at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively, after diagnosis. The SMRs for breast cancer patients at 5, 10 and 15 year intervals after diagnosis were 6.74 (95% CI, 5.5-8.2), 6.55 (95%CI, 5-8.1) and 1.26 (95%CI, 0.65-2.9), respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that the observed mortality rate of breast cancer patients after 15 years from diagnosis was very similar to expected rates in general female population. This finding would be useful for clinicians and health policy makers to adopt a beneficial strategy to improve breast cancer survival. Further follow-up time with larger sample size and a pooled analysis of survival rates of different centres may shed more light on mortality patterns of breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2005

For blood cockle Tegillarca granosa acclimated to winter and summer seasons, survival, temperature tolerance and physiological changes at different individual size were investigated for their temperature tolerances by increasing and decreasing temperature at a rate of 1, 2 and $3^{\circ}C/day$. The survival rate of adults and juveniles T. granosa acclimated to winter temperatures began to decrease from $32^{\circ}C$ and all experimental animals died between $37-39^{\circ}C$. In the case of animals acclimated to summer temperatures, the survival rates of adults and juveniles began to decrease from $35^{\circ}C$, and all died at temperatures between $40-44^{\circ}C$. The upper $LT_{50}$ was $27.72^{\circ}C$ for adults and $28.36^{\circ}C$ for juveniles. On the other hand, when the temperature was decreased from $4^{\circ}C\;to\;0^{\circ}C$ in order to investigate lower temperature tolerances, the survival rate of T. granosa was more than $70\%\;at\;2^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. Lower L T 50 was $2.09^{\circ}C$ for adults and $2.34^{\circ}C$ for juveniles. There was no effective difference in temperature tolerance between adults and juveniles. Filtration and respiration rates of T. granosa showed a similar aspect with increase and decrease of temperature. Filtration and respiration rates exhibited irregular conditions of a broken biological rhythm as the group acclimated to winter $(10 ^{\circ}C)$ and summer $(25^{\circ}C)$. In the case of decreasing temperature, filtration and respiration rates of T. granosa reduced to a minimum below $6^{\circ}C$

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3511-3514
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or combined chemotherapy together with radiotherapy (CMT-RT) without surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (stage II or III) between January $1^{st}$, 2003 and December $31^{st}$, 2013 were enrolled, 48 treated with preoperative CCRT (Gr.I) and 36 with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CMT-RT) without surgery (Gr.II). The chemotherapeutic agents used concurrent with radiotherapy were either 5-fluorouracil short infusion plus leucovorin and/or capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil infusion alone. All patients received pelvic irradiation. Results: There were 5 patients (10.4%) with a complete pathological response. The 3 year-overall survival rates were 83.2% in Gr.I and 24.8 % in Gr.II (p<0.01). The respective 5 year-overall survival rates were 70.3% and 0% (p<0.01). The 5 year-overall survival rates in Gr.I for patients who received surgery within 56 days after complete CCRT as compared to more than 56 days were 69.5% and 65.1% (p=0.91). Preoperative CCRT used for 12 of 30 patients in Gr.I (40%) with lower rectal cancer demonstrated that in preoperative CCRT a sphincter sparing procedure can be performed. Conclusions: The results of treatment with preoperative CCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer showed comparable rates of overall survival and sphincter sparing procedures as compared to previous studies.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP- T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65±0.09㎖, 4.52±0.35×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 15.64±3.85% and 5.50±0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25±0.20㎖, 3.35±0.48×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 96.25±4.65% and 4.24±0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45±0.21㎖, 3.85±0.52×10/sup 6/cell/㎖, 92.82±4.24% and 4.66±0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45±0.82×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 95.55±4.65%, 4.58±0.45% and 4.82±0.36×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 90.10±3.42%, 6.48±0.68% and 4.55±0.45× 10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 93.25±3.85%, 4.82±0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4℃ than at 38℃. When preservation temperature was at 4℃, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54%-6.25% at 1-72 hrs, 97.40%-5.62% at 1-100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3±4.45%, 88.8±4.46% and 46.4±3.84%, 74.4±4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5±2.12%).