Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Standardized Breast Cancer Mortality Rate Compared to the General Female Population of Iran

  • Haghighat, S. (Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU)) ;
  • Akbari, M.E. (Cancer Research Center (CRC)) ;
  • Ghaffari, S. (Iranian Social Security Organization) ;
  • Yavari, P. (Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU))
  • Published : 2012.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Improvements of early diagnosis modalities have led to longer survival rates. This study aimed to determine the 5, 10 and 15 year mortality rates of breast cancer patients compared to the normal female population. Materials and Methods: The follow up data of a cohort of 615 breast cancer patients referred to Iranian Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC) from 1986 to 1996 was considered as reference breast cancer dataset. The dataset was divided into 5 year age groups and the 5, 10 and 15 year probability of death for each group was estimated. The annual mortality rate of Iranian women was obtained from the Death Registry system. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of breast cancer patients were calculated using the ratio of the mortality rate in breast cancer patients over the general female population. Results: The mean age of breast cancer patients at diagnosis time was 45.9 (${\pm}10.5$) years ranging from 24-74. A total of 73, 32 and 2 deaths were recorded at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively, after diagnosis. The SMRs for breast cancer patients at 5, 10 and 15 year intervals after diagnosis were 6.74 (95% CI, 5.5-8.2), 6.55 (95%CI, 5-8.1) and 1.26 (95%CI, 0.65-2.9), respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that the observed mortality rate of breast cancer patients after 15 years from diagnosis was very similar to expected rates in general female population. This finding would be useful for clinicians and health policy makers to adopt a beneficial strategy to improve breast cancer survival. Further follow-up time with larger sample size and a pooled analysis of survival rates of different centres may shed more light on mortality patterns of breast cancer.

Keywords

References

  1. Akbari ME, Khayamzadeh M, Khoshnevis S, et al (2008). Five and ten years survival in breast cancer patients mastectomies vs. breast conserving surgeries personal experience. Iranian J Cancer Prev, 1, 53-7.
  2. Cabanes A, Vidal E, Perez-Gomez B, et al. (2009). Age-specific breast, uterine and ovarian cancer mortality trends in Spain: changes from 1980 to 2006. Cancer Epidemiol, 33, 169-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2009.08.010
  3. Cancer Office MOH (2009). Iranian Annual Report of Cancer Registration 2007-2008, Cancer Office CDC, Deputy for Health. Ministry of Hlth and Medical Educ of Iran
  4. Chen HH, Thurfjell E, Duffy SW, Tabar L (1998). Evaluation by Markov chain models of a non-randomised breast cancer screening programme in women aged under 50 years in Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Hlth, 52, 329-35. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.5.329
  5. Christopher IL (2010). Breast Cancer Epidemiology. New York Springer.
  6. Death Office MOH (2007). Iranian Annual Report of Death Registration 2006 Deputy for Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Educ of Iran.
  7. Demicheli R, Ardoino I, Boracchi P, et al. (2010). Recurrence and mortality according to estrogen receptor status for breast cancer patients undergoing conservative surgery. Ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence dynamics provides clues for tumour biology within the residual breast. BMC Cancer, 10, 656. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-656
  8. Erbas B, Hyndman RJ, G DM (2007). Forecasting age-specific breast cancer mortality using functional data models. Stat Med, 26, 458-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2306
  9. Finkelstein DM, Muzikansky A and Schoenfeld DA (2003). Comparing survival of a sample to that of a standard population. J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, 1434-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djg052
  10. Hirte L, Nolte E, Bain C, McKee M (2007). Breast cancer mortality in Russia and Ukraine 1963-2002: an age-periodcohort analysis. Int J Epidemiol, 36, 900-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym066
  11. Jatoi I, Chen BE, Anderson, Rosenberg PS (2007). Breast cancer mortality trends in the United States according to estrogen receptor status and age at diagnosis. J Clin Oncol, 25, 1683-90. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.09.2106
  12. Johnson ES, Faramawi MF, Sall M, Choi KM (2011). Cancer and noncancer mortality among American seafood workers. J Epidemiol, 21, 204-10. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20100147
  13. Khadivi R, Harrirchi I, Khosravi Z, Akbari ME (2008). Ten year breast cancer screening and follow up in 52200 women in Shahre-Kord, Iran (1997-2006). Iranian J Cancer Prev, 1, 73-6.
  14. Mousavi Naiini M, Mofid B, Mohebi H, et al (2009). "Comparison the effect of two methods of surgery in breast cancer recurrence, Metastasis and survival. Kosar Medical J, 14, 89-94.
  15. Mousavi S, Montazeri A, Mohaghegh M, et al (2007). Breast cancer in iran: an epidemiological review. Breast J, 13, 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4741.2007.00446.x
  16. Movahedi M, Haghighat SH, Khayamzadeh M, et al (2011). Survival rate of breast cancer based on geographical variaation in Iran, a national study." RCJ (in press).
  17. Tabar L, Fagerberg G, Day NE, et al (1992). Natural history of breast cancer. Lancet, 339, 1108.
  18. Will BP, Berthelot JM, Le Petit C, et al. (2000). Estimates of the lifetime costs of breast cancer treatment in Canada. Eur J Cancer, 36, 724-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(99)00340-8
  19. Yaghmaii S, Banihashemi G, Ghorbani R (2007). Breast cancer Survavial and correlated factors in Emdad Hospital of Semnan. Semnan Medical Univ J, 9(2).
  20. Yavari p, Abadi A and Mehrabi Y (2003). Mortality and changing epidemiological trends in Iran during 1979-2001. Hakim, 6, 8-14.
  21. Zahl PH, Maehlen J (2005). Reduction in mortality from breast cancer: decrease with screening was marked in younger age group. BMJ, 330, 1024 author reply 1025.

Cited by

  1. Disease Free Survival among Molecular Subtypes of Early Stage Breast Cancer between 2001 and 2010 in Iran vol.14, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5811
  2. Mexican Breast Cancer Research Output, 2003-2012 vol.14, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5921
  3. Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Proliferation and Apoptosis in the T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line vol.14, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.891
  4. miR-153 Silencing Induces Apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line vol.14, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.5.2983
  5. miR-485 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Inhibiting Cell Growth and Migration in Breast Carcinoma T47D Cells vol.14, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3757
  6. Overview of Cancer Registration Research in the Asian Pacific from 2008-2013 vol.14, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.8.4461
  7. Estimation of the Cure Rate in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients vol.15, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.12.4839
  8. Serum Adiponectin but not Leptin at Diagnosis as a Predictor of Breast Cancer Survival vol.15, pp.15, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6137
  9. Un-met Supportive Care Needs of Iranian Breast Cancer Patients vol.15, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.9.3933
  10. Suppressive role of miR-502-5p in breast cancer via downregulation of TRAF2 vol.31, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3105
  11. Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD1-DRD5) Expression Changes as Stress Factors Associated with Breast Cancer vol.15, pp.23, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.23.10339
  12. Burden of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women is Increasing vol.16, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.12.5049
  13. Prognostic Factors for Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer Referred to Omitted Cancer Research Center in Iran vol.16, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.12.5081
  14. Dietary Patterns and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women in Guilan Province, Iran vol.17, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.4.2035
  15. Breast Cancer Status in Iran: Statistical Analysis of 3010 Cases between 1998 and 2014 vol.2017, pp.2090-3189, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2481021
  16. Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer vol.50, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9
  17. Adjuvant Trastuzumab Therapy for Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in Iran: A Cost-Effectiveness and Scenario Analysis for an Optimal Treatment Strategy pp.1179-2027, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-017-0557-6