• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

In the present study, attempts were made to cryopreserve sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina sperm in liquid nitrogen, to evaluate the effects of various cryoprotectants and freezing rates on motility, survival rate and fertilization rate of the post-thawing sperm, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after cryopreservation were observed. The highest values of sperm motility (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.37) and survival rate (72$\pm$3.5%) were obtained with 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and these values were significantly higher than those of sperm preserved with glycerol. Comparisons of motilities and survival rates between treatments of difference freezing rates showed that there was no difference between procedures (a) 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.31 ; survival late 70$\pm$2.7%) and (b) 3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.1$\pm$0.29; survival rate 69$\pm$3.7%), while the results of (c) 1$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than the others (motility index: 2.2$\pm$0.33 ; survival rate 42$\pm$4.6%). There was no significant difference in fertilization rate between fresh sperm and sperm preserved with 15% DMSO as cryoprotectant and freezing rate (3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$). Some ultrastructural changes of sperm, such as the detachment of plasma membrane, the destruction of mitochondria, and the flagellum rolling up head, were observed after cryopreservation. Morphological normality of the sperm in 15% DMSO frozen at the ratio of 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ was better than the others.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2016

Background: This study was performed to evaluate their 5-year survival rates and identify the factors affecting the prognosis of oral cancer patients who had undergone surgical treatment only. Methods: Among 130 patients who were diagnosed with malignant tumor of oral, maxillofacial, and surgical treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Chonnam National University Hospital within a period from January 2000 to December 2010, for 11 years, 84 patients were investigated who were followed up for more than 5 years after radical surgery; oral cancer is primary and received only surgical treatment. The survival rate according to gender, age, type and site of cancer, TNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis and its stage, recurrence or metastasis, time of recurrence and metastasis, and differentiation were investigated and analyzed. Results: Overall, 5-year survival rate in patients who received only surgical treatment was 81.2 %, and disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 83.1 %. The disease-specific 5-year survival rate based on TNM stage, metastasis of cervical lymph node, N stage, and presence of recurrence/metastasis was a significant difference (p < 0.05). The disease-specific 5-year survival rate based on sex, age, type of tumor, primary site, and differentiation was not a significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that good survival rate can be obtained with surgical treatment only, and stage of oral cancer, cervical lymph node metastasis and stage, recurrence or metastasis, time of recurrence, and metastasis have a significant effect on survival rate in oral cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2010

Introduction: Maxillary posterior region, compared to the mandible or maxillary anterior region, has a thin cortical bone layer and is largely composed of cancellous bone, and therefore, it is often difficult to achieve primary stability. In such cases, sinus elevation with bone graft is necessary. Materials and Methods: In this research, 121 patients who had implant placement after bone graft were subjected to a follow-up study of 5 years from the moment of the initial surgery. The total survival rate, 5-year cumulative survival rate and the influence of the following factors on implant survival were evaluated; the condition of the patient (sex, age, general body condition), the site of implant placement, diameter and length of the implant, sinus elevation technique, closure method for osseous window, type of prosthesis and opposing teeth. Results: 1. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of total implants was 90.5%, there was no significant difference between sex, age, the site of implant placement, diameter and length of the implant, sinus elevation technique, and the type of opposing teeth. 2. Patients with diabetes mellitus < osteoporosis and smooth-surfaced machined group < hydroxyapatite (HA)-treated group and homogenous demineralized freeze dried allogenic bone (DFDB) bone graft only group had significantly lower survival rate. 3. With less than 4 mm of residual alveolar ridge height, lateral approach without closing the osseous window resulted in a significantly lower survival rate. 4. Restoration of a single implant showed a significantly lower survival rate, compared to cases where the superstructure was joined with several implants in the area. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes or osteoporosis need longer period of time for osseointegration compared to the normal, and the dentists must be prudent when choosing a surface treatment type and the bone graft material. Also, as the vertical dimension of the residual alveolar ridge can influence the result, staged implant placement should be considered when it seems difficult for the implant to gain primary stability from the residual bone with less than 4 mm of vertical dimension. It is recommended to obdurate the bone window and that the superstructure be connected with several impants in the peripheral area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the effect of salinity on the early embryonic development stage of boreal digging frogs (Kaloula borealis). An experiment was carried out with the eggs of K. borealis mating couples laid along the coastal zone of Jeju Island in June 2013. The salinity was set to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 ‰, respectively. The survival and growth of the larvae at various stages from the egg phase to the closing of their external gills phase were observed. In another experiment, tadpoles in internal gill stage were placed in solutions with salinity of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 ‰, respectively, and their survival rate and growth rate were observed, and then the results of the two experiments above were compared. The results showed that in egg and external gill stage, there was no significant difference in survival rate in 3 ‰ solution, though there was low survival rate in 5 ‰ solution. Further, all the eggs were dead in 7 ‰ solution, so it appeared that solutions with salinity of 5 ‰ or higher affect the survival of K. borealis in the early embryonic development. Larvae in the internal gill stage showed no significant difference in survival rate from the control group up to a salinity of 5 ‰, but when placed in a solution of over 7 ‰ salinity, the survival rate decreased. The growth rate also slowed down with the higher salinity. It appeared that in both the external gill stage and the internal gill stage in 5 ‰ solution, the growth rate decreased significantly compared to the control group. From this study it is concluded that higher salinity values have a significant impact on the survival and growth of the K. borealis larvae and this finding can be used to conserve K. borealis species that are decreasing in number due to the side effects of development in coastal areas.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effects of food organism and water quality on the mass production of larval red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius. When rotifer cultured with different food stuffs were supplied to the larvae, rotifer cultured with concentrated Chlorella provided the highest in total length 11.9 mm and survival rate was the highest by 47.0% fed that cultured with ω-yeast Growth and survival rate of larvae fed on enriched rotifer with ω-yeast and super selco, super selco of enriched treatment showed that the best results not only growth but also survival rate. For instance of Artemia, the growth was not significantly different with other treatment but the survival rate was significantly higher than others. The growth of larvae fed with different diets indicated that rotifer+Artemia+commercial diet treatment was the highest on the total length and body weight 18.40 mm and 18.1 mg, respectively, whether the survival rate was rotifer+Artemia treatment was the highest as 57.5%. The most effective density of Chlorella was 10×10⁵ cells/ml for growth of larvae. That density showed that total length and body weight were 11.83 mm and 14.3 mg, respectively. The survival rate was the most effective for 20×10⁵ cells/ml of Chlorella density. That density represented the highest survival rate as 54.5%. Comparing of PSB adding effect, PSB density 15×10⁵ cells/ml was the most effective for growth of larvae and but for survival rate PSB density 10×10⁵ cells/ml was the highest as 61.0%.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 2011

To determine the optimum light intensity for mass culture of the brackish-water cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana, survival, growth, and productivity of the copepod were examined at several light intensities (0, 10, 100, 500, 1,000 lx). The survival rate of P. nana from nauplius to adult decreased with increasing light intensity. The highest survival rate was found under the dark condition, with 61.7% surviving; no significant difference was observed between 0 and 10 lx (51.7%) and the lowest survival rate was with 100 lx (26.7%). Survival rates at 500 and 1,000 lx were significantly lower in comparison with other conditions. The developmental period from nauplius to copepodid (5.8 days) and to adult (11.8 days) at 10 lx was significantly shorter than in the other treatments. Daily mean nauplius production of adult females over 7 days at 0, 10 and 100 lx was significantly higher than at 500 and 1,000 lx. In the 1,000 lx treatment, 99% of the adult females died on the $14^{th}$ day. The optimum light intensity for the mass culture of P. nana could be 10 lx, which had no adverse effects on survival, development, or reproduction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2012

Accumulated evidence indicate that Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) acts as an antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals as well as influencing apoptotis. Earlier studies have employed the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce severe sepsis. In the present study, we examined whether the intraperitoneal injection of EGb 761 increases the survival rate of mice in the LPS-induced severe sepsis model. The survival rate was significantly increased by 30% in mice administered with 100 mg/kg of EGb 761 but not in mice administered with 50 mg/kg EGb 761. In addition, pre-treatment with EGb 761 increased the survival rate (30%) but post-treatment with EGb 761 did not. These results suggest that EGb 761 may have clinical potential in preventing sepsis induced mortality.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-93
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• 2005

This paper on an experiment, using System Dynamics, on the affect of increase in number of beds and medical instruments used for the care of premature infants, which constitute the physical requirements in quality of medical services, on changes in the survival rate of premature in ants that leads to demographic changes of Newborn infants. The model has four sectors: take-in capacity, survival rate of premature infants, demographics without newborn infants and demographics with newborn infants. The model simulates the changes in demographics of the newborn infants from 2002 to 2022. The study results show that the survival rate of premature infants can be increased by improving the physical aspects in the quality of medical services. An average of 1,900 premature infants can survive as a result of the physical quality improvements in medical services, adding up to an increase of 37,300 newborn infants by the year 2022.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.747-756
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• 2010

With the recent recession, studies on the economy are actively being conducted throughout the industry. Based on the Small Business data registered in the Credit Guarantee Fund, we estimated the survival probability in the context of the survival analysis. We also analyzed the survival time for the construction and the other industries which are distinguished depending on the types of business and assets in the Small Business. The survival probability was estimated by using the life-table and the difference between the survival probabilities for the different types of business was described via the method of the Log-rank test and the Wilcoxon test. We found that the small business with over one billion asset has the highest survival probability and that with less than 1000 million asset showed the similar survival probability. In terms of types of business Wholesale and Retail trade industry and Services were relatively high in the survival probability than Light, Heavy, and the construction industries. Especially the construction industry showed the lowest survival probability. Most of the Small Business tend to increase in the hazard rate over time.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer by comparing the survival rate between patients undergoing surgery alone or surgery plus postoperative RT, and to identify the prognostic factors affecting survival. Materials and Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 52 patients with EHBD cancer underwent surgical resection. Of these, 33 patients did not receive postoperative RT (group I), and 19 patients did (group II). R1 resection was significantly more frequent in group II. The median radiation dose was 5,040 cGy. Results: The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate for group I and group II was 38% and 56%, respectively (p = 0.274). The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rate for group I and group II was 20% and 31%, respectively (p = 0.049), and the 3-year loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) rates were 19% and 58%, respectively (p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative RT and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for DFS and LRFS. Overall, 42 patients (80%) experienced treatment failure. Distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of failure in group II. Conclusion: Postoperative RT after surgical resection appeared to improve the loco-regional control and DFS rate. More effort is needed to reduce distant metastasis, the major pattern of failure, in patients who receive postoperative RT.