• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors affecting survival time by estimating survival rate and survival time using non-financial information of social enterprises using credit guarantee in credit guarantee institutions, and provide information to stakeholders to improve survival rate and employ to contribute to maintaining and expanding the As a research method, survival analysis was performed using a non-parametric analysis method, Kaplan-Meier Analysis. As a sample, 621 companies (577 normal companies, 44 insolvent companies) established between 2009 and 2018 were selected as the target companies. As a result of examining the factors affecting survival time by classifying social enterprise representative information and corporate information, representative credit rating, representative home ownership, credit transaction period, and corporate credit rating were derived as significant variables affecting survival time. In the future, financial institutions will be able to induce corporate soundness by reflecting factors that affect survival when examining loans for social enterprises, contributing to job retention and reduction of social costs. Supporting organizations such as the government and private organizations will be able to use it in various ways, such as policy establishment and education and training for the growth and sustainability of social enterprises. With this study as an opportunity, I hope that research will continue with more interest in the factors influencing social enterprise performance as well as corporate insolvency.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of the present prospective clinical study was to assess the cumulative survival rate (CSR) of Neobiotech implants restored with fixed partial prosthesis in relation to its potential risk factors. Materials and methods: Thirty six partially edentulous patients received Neobiotech implants and implant supported fixed partial prosthesis at Korea University Guro Hospital Dental Center from November 2009 until November 2011. The observation period was set from the implant placement and the last clinical visit until December 2015. Implant survival rate was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. The relationship between implant survival rate and the potential risk factors were analysed using the multi Cox proportional analysis (P<.05). Results: A total of 69 implants were placed in 36 patients after a mean observation period of 45.9 months. Two out of 69 implants failed before loading, yielding a 5-year cumulative survival rate of 97.1%. The maxillary implants have a lesser CSR than the mandibular implants based on log rank test analysis (maxilla=91.3%; mandible=100% P<.05). However, the multi Cox proportional analysis showed that implant location has no significant correlation with implant failure (P>.05). Conclusion: Neobiotech implants showed predictable results with a 5 year cumulative survival rate of 97.1%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2014

This study evaluated the effect of water content in the substrate during pre- and post-grafting period on the survival rate and quality of tomato plug seedlings. Nine combinations of three water levels (high, medium, and low) were set up in the substrate of both scion and rootstock. The water content in the substrate of the scion did not affect the survival rate of grafted tomato seedlings, while the survival rate was statically different among the various water contents in the substrate of the rootstock. The maximum survival rates (100%) were observed in seedlings treated with high water levels in the substrate of the rootstock, and the survival rates declined with decreasing water content in the rootstock substrate. The growth characteristics were not significantly affected by different water content in the scion substrate, while they were statically different among the seedlings treated with various water contents in the rootstock substrate. The growth characteristics decreased with decreasing water content in the rootstock substrate. The highest value of compactness was observed in grafted seedlings, which combined medium water level in the scion and high water level in the rootstock substrate treatment. The root morphology of tomato seedlings was also affected by water content in the rootstock substrate. The total root surface area, total root length, and number of root tips decreased with deceasing water content in the rootstock substrate.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2006

We examined the effect of salinity on hematological changes and survival in the cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish (mean length: 20.8 cm, mean weight: 96.1 g) were abruptly (within 30 min) exposed to salinities from 15 to 0 psu (Group I, G I) and to 35 psu (Group II, G II). After maintain during days 5, the fish were again changed from 0 to 35 psu (G I) and from 35 to 0 psu. We measured cortisol, glucose, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, aspartate amino-transferase (AST), and alanine amino-transferase (ALT), hematocrit, RBC, hemoglobin and survival during the 10-days test period. Our results in G I showed that olive flounder exhibit "typical" physiological responses (in cortisol, glucose, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, AST and survival) to the stress induced by salinity changes. In G II, olive flounder were significantly different in cortisol, glucose, and AST at 240 hours. The survival in two groups were reduced in 0 psu than 35 psu during the experimental period. This research provides baseline data on cortisol, glucose, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$ and survival for hypo or hyper-salinity changes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1988

In order to set up a predictive model for effective spat collection of sea mussel Mytilus edulis , the survival rate and time required at each developmental stage of drifting larvae were surveyed during the period from March 14 to July 20 in 1987 at the Naesan Ri, Jinhae Bay, the southern part of Korea. The advent of D - shape larvae ca. $120\times90um$ um long had three peaks in that area: April 15, May 13 and June 7. Umbo shape larvae ca.$188\times162{\mu}m$ and full grown larvae ca. $289\times280{\mu}m$ long also showed three peaks: April 27. May 24 and June 20 for the former, and May 10, June 5 and June 30 for the latter. Eleven to thirteen days were required for D - shape larvae to develop to umbo - shape larvae. The instantaneous death rate was 0.1300 and the daily survival rate 0.8781 at this intermorphological stage. The turnover time of umbo to full grown larvae varied from ten to thirteen days with a instantaneous death rate of 0.1520, daily survival rate of 0.8590, and mean survival rate of $16.89\%$. Twenty - three to twenty - five days were required for each group of the D - shape larvae to reach a full grown stage, and their mean survival rate was $3.55\%$ during this developmental period.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.129-161
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• 2017

Korea's entertainment industry laid its foundation in the early 2000s when global popularity of South Korean soap operas increased in Japan. K-pop has been recently leading the popularity in China. However, many Korean entertainment businesses are dying out. This study reviews factors influencing business survival for 42 chosen corporations listed in the Korea Stock Exchange based on organizational ecology. When all of the variables are analyzed at the same time, long period of public offering and high wages and global sales ratio positively affect business survival. When the individual variables are separately analyzed, long period of public offering and CEO incumbency and high wages and global sales ratio positively affect business survival. Meanwhile, size of businesses do not affect the survival. The results of this study imply that policies to help businesses list an entertainment corporation in the Korea Stock Exchange, increase sales and reciprocity with other culture are needed. Laws and institutions for evaluating intangible asset value should be improved. The results also suggest that a corporation should carefully consider change of CEO and make the best use of the popularity of Korean culture to increase global sales and pay competitive wages to attract professionals.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 1988

In order to set up a predictive model for effective spat collection of pen shell, Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, the survival rate and time required at each developmental stage of drifting larvae were surveyed during the period from June 8 to October 16 in 1986 at the Yongku inlet Chilchon Is., Chinhae Bay, the southern part of Korea. And also the experiments of spat collection were carried out In Yongku inlet during the period from July 6 to November 23 in 1987 and In Yoja Bay during the period from July 9 in 1987 to February 15 in 1588. The advent of D-shape larvae ca. $135\times144um $ long had three peaks in that area: August 1, 12 and 25. Umbo shape larvae ca. $300\times317um$ and full grown larvae ca. $455\times450um$ long also sowed three peaks: August 9, August 22 and September 4 for the former, and August 23, September 3 and September 16 for the latter. Nine to ten days was required for D-shape larvae to develop to umbo shape larvae. The instantaneous survival rate was 0.94 with a total survival rate if $54\%$ at this intermorphological stage. The required time of umbo to full grown larvae varied from twelve to fourteen days with a instantaneous survival rate of 0.88 and total survival rate of $19\%$. Twenty-two to twenty-three days was required for each group of the D-shape larvae to reach a fullgrown stage, and their total survival rate was $10\%$ during this developmental period. The number of the spat attached to the spat collector is 0.16 inds. per $m^2$ vertical spat collector in Yongku inlet and 0.48 inds. per $m^2$ horizontal spat collector in Yoja Bay. The average shell length of spat attached was $0.51({\pm}0.15)\;mm$ on September $27,\;38.52({\pm}6.98)\;mm$ on November 21 in 1987 and $49.00({\pm}10.77)mm$ on February 15 in 1988.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate recent improvements in the survival rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to identify perinatal and management factors that are associated with improved survival. Methods : Two groups of ELBW infants who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during two distinct eras : November 1994-December 1999 (Period 1 : n=100) and January 2000-April 2004 (Period 2 : n=166) were retrospectively reviewed. Results : Despite the younger gestational age and smaller birth weight of the ELBW infants in period 2, not only did their survival rate increased to 75 percent from 60 percent in period 1, but their incidence of morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, confimed sepsis and intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$Grade III) also declined. Factors significantly associated with improved survival included the use of antenatal steroids, a longer duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and the absence of intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$Grade III). Conclusion : We believe that optimized clinical practice, that emphasized less invasive care, contributed to the recent improvements in the survival rate of ELBW infants.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2001

Spawning, hatching, survival and cannibalism of the octopus, Octopus ocellatus, were investigated at the indoor laboratory. The specimens were collected in the coastal waters of Puan, Korea, from March 2000 to May 2001. Changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) during March to May, 2000 were similar to those in 2001. The GSI began to increase in March and reached the maximum in May 2000 and 2001. The mean fecundity of adult individuals in April was larger than those in March and May in 2000 and 2001. In the investigations of survival rates of adults according to the water layers, the mean survival rate in the middle water layer was higher than that in the bottom layer in year 2000 (p = 0.002). The survival rate during 2001 was similar to the result of year 2000 in the water layers (p = 0.018). From the investigations with the purchase dates, the survival (88.8%) in the early spawning period (April 10, 2000) showed larger than those in the mid-spawning (May 11, 2000) and the late spawning (May 23, 2000). For aquaculture, it is suggested that the purchase timing of adults in the early spawning period will have a better result than that of the other spawning periods. In the amount of spawning with water layers, the number of eggs spawned of the adults in the middle layer were larger than those in the bottom layer. In the number of eggs spawned with the purchase dates, the number of eggs spawned in the early spawning period were larger than those in the middle and late spawning periods. The size of eggs spawned were 6.904$\times$2.520 mm. the hatching period required (from spawning to hatched larvae) was 55 days (April 17 to June 7,2000) at water temperatures of 11.2 to 21.1$^{\circ}C$. In case of the hatching rates with water layers, the hatching rate in the middle water layer was larger than that in the bottom one (p = 0.004).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine whether improved survival of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) was associated with decreased neurodevelopmental disability later in life, and also to identify the factors influencing this disability. Methods : ELBWI admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center, survived, and followed up until the corrected age of 18 months were enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to admission time: period I (1994-1999, n=36) and period II (2000-2004, n=98). Clinical data were collected retrospectively from the medical records. Results : Survival rates increased from 60.0% to 74.7%, cerebral palsy rates decreased from 22.2% to 8.2% and catch-up growth rate increased from 25.0% to 51.0% during period I and II. Despite less gestational age and birth weight, ELBWI during period II had less periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to period I. The highest risk factors for cerebral palsy were intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (${\geq}$Grade III), failure of catch-up growth and PVL. Conclusion : In summary, improved viability was associated with decreased neurodevelopmental disability in ELBWI. Improved neonatal care with resultant decrease in PVL and IVH, and better nutritional support seem to be primarily responsible for this improved outcome.