• 접착 및 계면
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

여러 종류의 용매와 상용화되어 있는 비공유결합성 분산제들을 이용하여 안정한 그래핀 분산액을 제조 하였다. 분산액은 3시간의 초음파 처리를 통하여 제조 되었으며, NMP 용매에서는 Tween 계열과 Span 계열과 Pluronic 계열의 분산제가 안정한 그래핀 분산액을 형성하였다. 또한 에탄올 용매에서는 질소를 포함한 분산제 종류가 안정한 분산액을 형성하였으며, 물과 dichloromethane에서는 모든 분산제에 대하여 대체로 불안정하였지만 poly(4-vinyl pyridine)과 sodium dodecyl sulfonate를 사용한 경우 일부 안정한 분산액을 형성 하였다. 또한 Poly(4-vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)를 이용하여 더 큰 용량의 그래핀 분산액을 제조하였다. 본 연구는 그래핀의 분산을 위한 여러 용매 및 분산제에 대한 기준을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.230-236
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• 1993

Si(111) 표면위에 Si을 homepitaxial 성장시킬때 중간 금속인 Ag, Sn등을 흡착시키지 않을 경우와 흡착시킬 경우 RHEED(Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction)상의 경면반사점(specular spot)강도의 주기적 변화를 관찰함으로써 두 경우의 Si결정성장 과정의 차이점을 관찰하였다. 중간금속을 흡착하지 않을 경우 성장 초기에는 흡착Si원자가 Si(111) $7{\times}7 $구조의 Stacking Fault층을 먼저 채우고난 후 정상적인 충상성장을 하기 때문에 성장초기에는 불규칙적인 진동을 나타내다가 약 6ML정도부터 주기적인 진동으로 바뀜이 관찰되었다. 그러나, 중간금속인 Ag, Sn을 Si(111)위에 1ML흡착시키면 Ag의 경우 300~$600^{\circ}C$, Sn의 경우 190~$860^{\circ}C$의 시료온도에서 표면구조가 ${\sqrt}{3}{\times}{\sqrt}{3}$구조로 바뀜이 RHEED상으로 관찰되었다. 그리고 난 후에 Si을 흡착시킬 경우 RHEED 상의 경면반사점 강도는 초기부터 주기적일 변화를 가짐이 관찰되었으며${\sqrt}{3}{\times}{\sqrt}{3}$구조는 변함이 없었다. 또한 보다 낮은 시료 온도에서 많은 진동이 관찰되었다. 이는 중간금속이 성장표면쪽으로 편석하면서 흡착원자 Si의 표면확산에 대한 활성호 에너지를 감소시켜 주기 때문이라 생각된다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2012

The hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and the polar sulfate group confer surfactant properties and enable them to be used as anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants (AS) are known for their adverse impact on environment, particularly on aquatic ecosystem. In the present study a fast, sensitive and selective method for the determination and subsequent quantification of six anionic surfactants was developed using hydrophilic interactive liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (MS), in the concentration range 15-20 ${\mu}g/L$. The capability of the method was established using regression analysis and ANOVA. The method performance was evaluated by analyzing real time surface water spiked with 1-dodecyl hydrogen sulfate at 15 ${\mu}g/L$. Combined efficiency of solid phase extraction and MS detection established recovery of 89% in presence of natural matrix. These results point out that HILIC coupled to multistage MS procedures can be a powerful technique for environmental applications concerning the screening of polar contaminants.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

Fluorescent anionic oligo surfactants were synthesized by the condensing products of long chain alkylvinylether-maleic anhydride cooligomers and resorcinol including dye structures. Their various surface activities and dispersing action were studied on the aqueous solution. These oligo surfactants exhibited a remarkable surface tension lowering property, lower foaming and a large dispersing action for the particles of ${\alpha}-copper$ phthalocyanine blue. Further it was ascertained that the binding of oligo surfactant onto the pigment surface caused the deviation towards lower wavelengths at the maximum fluorescent intensity as compared with aqueous oligo surfactant solutions, These surface active properties of the oligo surfactants may be attributed to rigid and hydrophobic structure of dye groups, besides surface-active groups of alkylether groups and carboxylic group of the anionic oligo surfactants.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1065-1072
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• 2000

The molecular areas and the interfacial tension behavior of ten nonionic surfactants, i.e., Span 20 and Tween 20, 40, 60. 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, & 85 are tested to assay their effects on the wetting and liquid retention properties of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibrous materials. The molecular areas at water/air interface are derived from Gibbs’adsorption equations. The following conclusions are drawn from the results: 1) Span 20 is efficient in lowering the interfacial tension and effective in adsorption at the water/air interface, resulting in the low interfacial tension at critical micelle concentration (${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$) and a small molecular area($\omega$), 2) when the hydrophiles of the surfactants are constant, $\omega$’s increase as hydrophobe carbon numbers of the surfactants increase, 3) when the hydrophobes are constant, ${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$’s and $\omega$’s increase as the hydrophile ethylene oxide units increase, indicating effectiveness and efficiency is parallel in this case, 4) the ethylene oxide unit length as a hydrophile has greater influence on u than the hydrophobe chain length.han the hydrophobe chain length.gth.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2011

Cationic gemini-surfactant, namely 1,4-butane-bis(N-alkanoyloxyethyl-N,Ndimethyl)-diammonium bromide was synthesized and their inhibition effect on corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was tested by weight loss method. The synthesized product was confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy. Surface tensions were measured by surface tensiometer Sigma 70. Their c.m.c. values evaluated by surface tension method was $4.1{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}5.4{\times}10^{-5}$ mol/L. The Krafft point of the these surfactants were <0~$10.7^{\circ}C$. The emulsifying properties of synthesized cationic gemini surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) was investigated. Of these, 1,4-butane-bis(N-lauroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)- diammonium bromide, CGL 14-4-14 has been confirmed as a good emulsifier. The inhibition efficiency increases by increasing cationic gemini surfactant concentration. As a result, these surfactants are expected to be applied as corrosion inhibitors.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Gemini type of cationic surfactant, namely ${\alpha},{\omega}$-alkane-bis(N-lauroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)-diammonium bromide was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. Their inhibition effect on corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was tested by weight loss method. Surface tensions were measured by surface tensiometer Sigma 70. Their c.m.c. values evaluated by surface tension method was $4.01{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}4.99{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$. The Krafft point of the these surfactants were < $0^{\circ}C$. The emulsifying properties of synthesized cationic gemini surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) was investigated. Of these, ${\alpha},{\omega}$-alkane-bis(N-lauroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)-diammonium bromide has been confirmed as a good emulsifier. The inhibition efficiency increases by increasing cationic gemini surfactant concentration. As a result, these surfactants are expected to be applied as corrosion inhibitors.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.153-153
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• 2008

Practical application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) qualified as a promising material has been limited by either poor dispersion or their insolubility in aqueous or organic media due to formation of bundling by relatively high surface energy. Thus, major attention to overcome this issue has been paid at surface modification of CNTs by functionalization, but this introduces defects to the sidewall of CNTs, consequently perturbing the inherent electronic and optical properties. Therefore, using surfactants is a general approach to disperse SWCNTs with lower damages by which bundled nanotubes could be dispersed up to the level of individuals or small bundles. Here, we have investigated various surfactants for their efficiency in dissolving purified SWCNTs produced by arc discharge in deionized water. To compare the surfactants respectively, we have determined the least amount of each surfactant to suspend the nanotubes under optimized experimental conditions(CNT amount, sonication power, and centrifugation speed, etc.) set on the basis of the most common surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and discussed the qualitative and quantitative characterization of SWCNT dispersions by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Quantitative aspect about nanotube dispersion was that in particular N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDDBS) were found to be effective in dispersing individual tubes.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

The efficiency of three complex surfactants based on sunflower oil and nitrogen containing compounds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in $CO_2$-saturated 1% NaCl solution, has been determined by weight loss and LPR corrosion rate measurements. These compounds inhibit corrosion even at very low concentrations. The inhibition process was attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film on the metal surface that protects the metal against corrosive media. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the concentration of the studied inhibitors. Maximum inhibition efficiency of the surfactants is observed at concentrations around its critical micellar concentration (CMC). Adsorption of complex surfactants on the mild steel surface is in agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and the calculated Gibbs free energy values confirm the chemical nature of the adsorption. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence microscopy (EDRF) observations of the electrode surface confirmed the existence of such an adsorbed film.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 1989

The interaction of cationic surfactants, n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromide ($C_nTAB$; n = 12, 14, 16) with anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) has been studied by surface tension measurement. In the absence of added salt, the cationic surfactants bind to PSS quantitatively up to ca. 60% coverage of anionic sites of the polyanion and the complexes were surface inactive. Further binding of the surfactant cations on PSS caused a sharp conformational transition of the surfactant/ PSS complexes to surface active complexes and accompanied precipitation. The binding showed a biphasic behavior in the presence of NaCl and cooperativity of the binding became less as the concentration of NaCl increased. Binding of the cationic surfactants on poly(vinylsulfonate) also showed the biphasic behavior and the cooperativity of the binding was much less even in the absence of NaCl. The binding of surfactant to PSS provided hydrophobic environment to solubilized pyrene and reduced the viscosity of the solution greatly even at surfactant concentrations well below cmc. This study indicated that the surfactant bound to PSS up to $60{\%}$ coverage of PSS sites are present as surfactant aggregates which are wrapped up with PSS chains, and hydrophobic interaction is an important factor in the binding of the surfactants to PSS.