• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

현재까지 국내의 수질관리 정책은 점오염원 관리를 우선시 하고 있다. 그러나 계속되는 점오염원의 관리에도 불구하고 호소수의 수질은 악화되고 있다. 비점오염원은 강우 시 발생하는 오염원으로 토지이용에 따라 발생하는 오염물질의 종류와 양이 달라 불확실성이 큰 오염원이므로 점오염원과 함께 비점오염원의 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 다양한 토지이용 중에서 인공초지(공원 묘지) 지점이 차지하는 비율이 낮기 때문에 원단위를 산정하는데 필요한 기초 데이터에 대한 연구가 전무한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구는 인공초지(공원 묘지) 지점으로부터 강우 시 유출수와 함께 발생하는 비점오염물질의 유출특성 및 상관성을 파악하였다. 그 결과 강우 초기에 오염물질의 농도는 비교적 높게 유출되는 현상을 나타냈으며, 강우가 지속될수록 오염물질의 농도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 첨두유량이 발생하면서 유출농도는 증가하였다. 또한 통계분석을 실시한 결과 오염물질별 상관성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 부하량과 원단위 산정에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.356-365
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• 2002

One of the most important factors that cause eutrophication is nutrient materials containing nitrogen and phosphorus which stem from excreation of terrestial sources and release from sediment. Therefore, to improve water quality, the reduction of these nutrients loads should be indispensible. At this study, the three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic and ecosystem model, which was developed by Institute for Resources and Environment of Japan, were applied to analyze the processes affecting the eutrophication. The residual currents, which were obtained by integrating the simulated tidal currents over 1 tidal cycle, showed the presence of a typical counterclockwise eddies between Gyewha and Garyuk island. Density driven currents were generated westward at surface and eastward at the bottom in Saemankeum area where the fresh waters are flowing into, The ecosystem model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in annual average. The simulated results were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of $30\%$. The simulations of DIN and DIP concentrations were performed using ecosystem model under the conditions of $40\~100\%$ pollution load reductions from pollution sources. In study area, concentration of DIN and DIP were reduced to $59\%$ and $28\%$ in case of the $80\%$ reduction of the input loads from fresh water respectively. But pollution loads from sediment had hardly affected DIN and DIP concentration, The $95\%$ input load abatement is necessary to meet the DIN and DIP concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.667-674
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• 1999

Intensive livestock production has increased dramatically in Europe since the 1960s, particularly. in Northern and Central European countries, resulting in large increases in the nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters and in atmospheric emissions of ammonia. This has arisen due to inadequate management of the large amounts manure produced, particularly where there has been insufficient land area used for efficient nutrient reuse in crop production. Nutrient pollution from intensive livestock production has progressively degraded the quality of water resources in many parts of Europe, with eutrophication of many inland and coastal waters, as well as soil acidification and ecosystem degradation. These problems have been known for many years, and although there are various international agreements on transboundary pollution, it is largely left to individual countries to set and enforce standards. Consequently, a number of different approaches are employed, although the common feature of these is to encourage farmers to use the nutrients in animal manures efficiently according to crop requirements, which also reduces the potential for accumulation in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. This paper reviews nutrient production and use in Europe and some of the strategies employed to avoid and reduce nutrient pollution.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.221-235
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• 2020

인구증가 및 산업화에 따른 급속한 도시화로 인해 지표 중심의 토지이용에 한계가 나타남에 따라 지하공간에 대한 개발과 활용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 한정된 국토공간을 효율적으로 활용한다는 측면에서 큰 장점을 가지는 반면 이로 인해 싱크홀, 지하시설물 파손과 같은 재난재해가 발생할 수 있다는 단점도 가지고 있다. 2014년도에 전국 각지에서 발생했던 싱크홀을 계기로 2015년부터 15종의 지하정보를 통합한 지하공간통합지도가 구축되고 있으나, 그 이후에도 고양시 온수관 파열, 서울 아현동 통신구 화재 등이 지속됨에 따라 지하정보의 품질 향상에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지하공간통합지도의 품질 향상을 위해 공간데이터 품질과 관련된 표준, 규정 및 지침 등을 분석하여 지하공간통합지도 제작 작업규정 내 명시된 품질검사 기준 및 방법을 개선하기 위한 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 특히 지하공간통합지도를 통해 관리되는 15종의 지하정보 중 사고 발생의 가장 큰 원인이자, 국민들의 일상생활에 반드시 필요해 라이프 라인(life line)이라고도 불리는 관로형 지하시설물을 대상으로 데이터 품질관리를 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2014

마산만, 행암만, 고현만, 원문만, 진동만 등을 포함하는 진해만 해역의 장기적 수질변동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2000년부터 2012년까지 진해만 해역 내 9개 조사 정점에서 수질 모니터링을 실시하였다. 유기물 오염 지표인 화학적산소요구량(COD)과 부영양화와 관련이 많은 영양염류(DIN, DIP) 및 클로로필 a (Chl.-a)의 평균농도는 육상 유역으로부터의 오염부하가 큰 마산만이 대체로 높았다. 특히, 마산만의 가장 안쪽에 위치한 st.1 정점은 육상 오염원에 인접해 있고, 해수의 유동이 원활치 않은 특성 등으로 인해 가장 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 이러한 특성은 요인분석에서도 확인되었는데, 마산만 st.1 정점은 표층수와 저층수 모두 유기물과 영양염류 증가 요인에 대한 영향이 주된 특징으로 나타났다. 진해만 외해 경계부 정점(st.5)과 고현만(st.6), 원문만(st.7), 당항만(st.8), 진동만(st.9) 정점들은 표층수와 저층수 모두에서 유기물과 영양염류의 증가 요인에 대한 영향이 마산만(st.1, st.2, st.3)이나 행암만(st.4) 정점에 비해 상대적으로 적은 것으로 나타났다. 진해만 해역 수질의 장기변동 특성을 살핀 결과, 표층 COD 농도는 뚜렷한 감소경향이 없었지만, 저층 COD 농도는 마산만 st.1 정점을 제외한 나머지 8개 정점에서 뚜렷한 감소경향을 보였다. 그리고 영양염류(DIN, DIP) 농도의 경우, 표층과 저층 모두 그리고 9개 정점 모두에서 두드러진 감소추세를 나타냈다. 마산만에서의 감소추세는 특별관리 해역 지정 이후 시행된 오염총량제 등이 수질 개선에 영향을 준 것으로 판단되며, 이와 더불어 진해만 해역이 전반적으로 함께 영향을 받은 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1500-1506
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• 2018

Objective: Although Hanwoo has been selected as the superior commercial beef cattle breed in Korea, Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) is still recognized as a valuable breed for beef production. The aim of this study was to compare the meat quality, fatty acid composition and aroma volatiles of beef from Chikso and Hanwoo steers maintained under identical feed management, as information regarding these characteristics is still limited. Methods: A total of 19 carcasses with a quality grade of 1 were selected, and strip loin (longissimus lumborum) cuts were collected from 11 Hanwoo carcasses and 8 Chikso carcasses. Meat quality and aroma analyses were performed at day four postmortem. Results: Though Hanwoo strip loin tended to have higher fat content (15.37%) than Chikso (12.01%), no significant differences were observed. Meat pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force value, instrumental surface color (Commission International De L'eclairage $L^{\star}$, $a^{\star}$, $b^{\star}$, chroma, and hue angle) and fatty acid composition were not significantly different. Roasted Chikso beef released more intense aroma than roasted Hanwoo beef based on the total area units of identified volatiles. Among identified volatiles, the amounts of toluene, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal were higher in roasted Chikso beef than in roasted Hanwoo beef. In addition, the aroma pattern of the roasted beef from these breeds was well-discriminated by electronic nose. Conclusion: No distinct differences were found in terms of meat quality between Hanwoo and Chikso beef in this study. However, the aroma pattern and volatiles of roasted Hanwoo and Chikso beef were different according to instrumental analysis.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2020

본 연구목적은 치과이용자를 대상으로 감염관리 인식과 경험을 조사하고 치과 감염관리 개선을 제언하고자 하였다. 2020년 7-8월, 20세 이상 198명을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 감염관리 인식과 경험, 개선안에 관한 설문조사를 하였고, PASW Statistics ver 18.0으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 치과 이용자 91%가 감염관리 중요성을 인식하였고, 감염관리 인식에서 진료기구 멸균, 의료진 손 위생과 장갑교체가 높게 조사되었다. 의료진의 일회용가운 및 보안경 교체는 상대적으로 낮게 조사되었다. 치과 의료진의 개인방호와 기구멸균은 수행을 잘하고 있다고 인식하였고 표면소독과 수질관리는 개선이 요구되었다. 연구를 통해 치과이용자 관점의 감염 인식과 경험을 토대로 감염관리 개선을 제언하는데 의미가 있었고 치과 의료기관에서 질 높은 의료서비스 수행에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2001

Pollution sources and their environmental contributions were investigated to select the best management practices for the effective control of water quality. The nitrogen isotope mass ratio was determined to estimate the nitrate sources and their contribution. Sampling sites were chosen by calculating effluent loads at each watershed. Two liters each of the surface water samples were collected from four sites at Bokha river and two sites and Gwanri river. They were sequentially prepared through distillation method and analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer(IsoPrime EA). As revealed by the experimental values obtained the mass ratio values ($\delta$$^{5}$ N) of watersheds with a large amount of nonpoint sources were less than +5 an indication that the samples were influenced by chemical fertilizers. However watersheds with large amount of point sources were influenced not only by chemical fertilizers but also by animal and municipal wastes. The mass ratio values of samples generally decreased during rainy days. But during dry days the mass ratio values well-reflected the nitrate sources and the condition of watersheds. Through this study the nitrogen isotope mass ratio has been found to be useful for estimating nitrate sources and their contribution to the rural watersheds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2001

In this study, we conducted a survey to examine the runoff characteristics of nonpoint sources, which wash off pollutants from the surface of basin during rainfall and affect water pollution of streams. An Anyangchun basin in the region Ewiwang City was selected as a study site. The basin divided into several subbasins such as Wanggokchun, Ojeonchun, and Anyangchun based on the tributaries, which confluence to the main stream of Anyangchun. Four times of field examination had been carried out between July and August of 2000, and water quality data collected from the surveys had been analysed. The survey includes in-situ flow, DO and PH measurements in the outlet of catchment. Laboratory analysis includes BOD, TN, TP. From the result, pollutant by runoff of nonpoint sources were washed out along with stormwater in the beginning of rainfall, and flowed into streams resulted in stream pollution. In case of BOD, the load from Ojeonchun catchment, most of which included urban areas, took up 50% of the total load from the entire watershed. Thus, by the results, it is clear that runoff load by urban nonpoint sources plays an important role in the control and management of nonpoint sources for the watershed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2024

As impervious area increases due to urbanization, rainfall on the impervious area does not infiltrate into the ground, and stormwater drains quickly. Low impact development (LID) practices have been suggested as alternatives to infiltrate and store water in soil layers. The practices in South Korea is applied to urban development projects, urban renewal projects, urban regeneration projects, etc., it is required to perform literature research, watershed survey, soil quality, etc. for the LID practices implementation. Prior to the LID implementation at fields, there is a need to simulate its' effect on watershed hydrology, and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) provides an opportunity to simulate LID practices. The LIDs applied in South Korea are infiltration-based practices, vegetation-based practices, rainwater-harvesting practices, etc. Vegetation-based practices includes bio-retention cell and rain garden, bio-retention cells are mostly employed in the model, adjusting the model parameters to simulate various practices. The bio-retention cell requires inputs regarding surface layer, soil layer, and drain layer, but the inputs for the drain layer are applied without sufficient examination, while the model parameters or inputs are somewhat influential to the practice effects. Thus, the approach to simulate vegetation-based LID practices in SWMM uses was explored and suggested for better LID simulation in South Korea.