• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

For physical and hand property evaluation of fabrics, the knitted fabrics from 11 types of machines knitting fancy yarns, boucle (M1), knot (M2), snarl (M3), and slub (M4), tamtam (M5), tubular (M6), fur 1 (M7), bead (M8), fur 2 (M9), fur 3 (M10), and ladder (M11) yarns, were prepared with 7-10 G plain stitch. Washing test and pilling test had also been carried out. For hand properties by objective sensibility evaluation, 17 items of sir mechanical properties using KES-FB (Kawabata Evaluation System) had been measured. Then hand values of knitted fabrics were calculated with a calculation formula, namely KN-402-KT. Finally the total hand values were obtained through KN-301-WINTER. As a result of physical properties and objective evaluation for machines knitting fancy fabrics, most of them shrank in the direction of wale and course after the washing test, in which their shrinkage rate had a maximum of 3.5%. Therefore, the washing test indicated that the shrinkage ratio of knitted fabrics had a minor change. The results of the pilling test are mostly 4-5th grade, and all of the machines knitting fancy fabrics showed good results in the pilling resistance. In hand properties and objective sensibility evaluation, twisted fancy yarns, such as boucle (M1), knot (M2), snarl (M3), and slub (M4), were superior to bonding rigidity (B) and shear rigidity (G). The surface property between course and wale differs in all samples and course direction is tougher than wale direction. FUKURAMI (fullness and softness) of all samples have high values, besides NUMERI (smoothness) of tamtam (M5) and boucle (M1), which were rather good. Most samples except fur 1 (M7) had low KOSHI (stiffness) value. The total hand value (THV) of twisted yarns was low. This study proves that manufacturers, who plan knitting yarn products and knit fashion, can apply these data to develop machines knitting yarns and knits that fit the consumers' demands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2008

Objectives: We investigated the physical effects of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods: We made cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. and measured physiological effects such as skin moisturization, blood flow, skin color, sebum secretion, skin evenness of volunteers applied the cosmetic products with meridian massage for 2 weeks. Results: Topical applications of w/o cream that 1 % Ginkgo biloba. was emulsified, showed significant improvement of blood flow, water contents and $L{\ast}$ value of the face skin. And the skin evenness, sebum contents and skin surface smoothness were improved after 2 weeks. Conclusions: The combination of cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage improved the physical properties of human skin during a treatment. Especially the meridian massage played a role of enhancing the effect of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2023

The pre-qualification system related to floor impact noise is considered ineffective, and thus, the introduction of a post-verification system is being prepared. This is because the performance, which was notarized in the qualification test due to various reasons, was not uniformly confirmed on building construction fields. Industry practitioners perceive that this is due to the influence of factors such as the flatness, levelness and/or thickness of the floor. However, it is very difficult to confirm such facts in a short period of time on the fields, and since the practical application of technology to measure and evaluate quantitatively and the establishment of a system are insufficient, it cannot be said to be a problem that can be brought to the surface. In fact, even when considering the conventional measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity, measurements are performed under controlled variables, such as placing a 200mm×200mm buffer material on a flat test-floor. However, in the fields, it is common to lay down larger productions(for example, 900mm×600mm) on the bare floor where significant variables are not controlled, and to construct finishing layers corresponding to the pre-qualified floor system without separately confirming the realization of the dynamic modulus of elasticity in the field conditions. In this study, spatial information of the bare floor on the field was measured and evaluated through a laser scanner. Technical methods for assessing the smoothness, flatness, and thickness of construction surfaces were reviewed, providing key insights for grading the quality of construction based on these criteria. Through further detailed and thorough investigations, it is expected that results suitable for practical application and systematization will be derived.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.307-317
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• 2002

In this paper we propose a new mesh reconstruction scheme that produces a displaced subdivision surface directly from unorganized points. The displaced subdivision surface is a new mesh representation that defines a detailed mesh with a displacement map over a smooth domain surface, but original displaced subdivision surface algorithm needs an explicit polygonal mesh since it is not a mesh reconstruction algorithm but a mesh conversion (remeshing) algorithm. The main idea of our approach is that we sample surface detail from unorganized points without any topological information. For this, we predict a virtual triangular face from unorganized points for each sampling ray from a parameteric domain surface. Direct displaced subdivision surface reconstruction from unorganized points has much importance since the output of this algorithm has several important properties: It has compact mesh representation since most vertices can be represented by only a scalar value. Underlying structure of it is piecewise regular so it ran be easily transformed into a multiresolution mesh. Smoothness after mesh deformation is automatically preserved. We avoid time-consuming global energy optimization by employing the input data dependant mesh smoothing, so we can get a good quality displaced subdivision surface quickly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the flour quality and bread making condition required for Korean-style steamed bread, using 5 commercial wheat flours (protein content from 8.2 to 12.5%), They were compared in making steamed bread (SB) and baked roll bread (BRB). Straight dough method was used and the temperatures of dough and fermentation were controlled at 26$^{\circ}C$ and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The first fermentation was conducted at various times (0, 20, 40 and 60 min) and then forty min of proofing (2nd fermentation) was used for all bread dough. As the 1st fermentation time increased, volumes of both SB and BRB increased 4.3 ~8.7% and 27~40%, respectively, but the SB flattened and the total bread scores of SB decreased due to the lack of smoothness and shininess of the bread surface and poor grain. Contrary to that, the total bread scores of BRB increased. SB made from the flour containing 10.5% of protein, was of its highest quality: relatively high volume, smooth, semiglossy and white surface, good texture, followed by SB made from flours containing 10.9%, 9.5%, 12.5%, and 8.2% of protein content, respectively These results suggest that the 1st fermentation process was not needed for SB making. Total bread scores of SB were better correlated with farinograph dough stability than protein contents and volumes of SB were correlated with farinograph development time. Therefore, in steamed bread making, flour dough rheology is important as well as protein content.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

Characteristics of the static shift are discussed by comparing the three-dimensional MT inversion with/without static shift parameterization. The galvanic distortion by small-scale shallow feature often leads severe distortion in inverted resistivity structures. The new inversion algorithm is applied to four numerical data sets contaminated by different amount of static shift. In real field data interpretations, we generally do not have any a-priori information about how much the data contains the static shift. In this study, we developed an algorithm for finding both Lagrangian multiplier for smoothness and the trade-off parameter for static shift, simultaneously in 3-D MT inversion. Applications of this inversion routine for the numerical data sets showed quite reasonable estimation of static shift parameters without any a-priori information. The inversion scheme is successfully applied to all the four data sets, even when the static shift does not obey the Gaussian distribution. Allowing the static shift parameters have non-zero degree of freedom to the inversion, we could get more accurate block resistivities as well as static shifts in the data. When inversion does not consider the static shift as inversion parameters (conventional MT inversion), the block resistivities on the surface are modified considerably to match possible static shift. The inhomogeneous blocks on the surface can generate the static shift at low frequencies. By those mechanisms, the conventional 3-D MT inversion can reconstruct the resistivity structures to some extent in the deeper parts even when moderate static shifts are in the data. As frequency increased, however, the galvanic distortion is not frequency independent any more, and thus the conventional inversion failed to fit the apparent resistivity and phase, especially when strong static shift is added. Even in such case, however, reasonable estimation of block resistivity as well as static shift parameters were obtained by 3-D MT inversion with static shift parameterization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.730-739
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• 2015

Various cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with different morphology and chemical properties were prepared for the reinforcement of sheet of paper mulberry bast fiber. Lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF), Holocellulose nanofiber (HCNF), alkali-treated HCNF (AT-HCNF), TEMPO-oxidated nanofiber (TEMPO-NF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNF) were prepared and their addition effect on the properties of sheet of paper mulberry bast fiber were investigated. Air permeability, surface smoothness, and tensile properties were improved by increasing CNF addition. Its improvement may be due to the CNF deposited between and on paper mulberry bast fibers, which was confirmed by SEM observation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1984

This research was performed to estimate the properties of particleboard based on the press time and temperature which was made of chip of larch that grows in Korea. The results in this study were as follows: 1) Even though the chips, 1:1-35 ratio between length and thickness, are relatively bad condition, the surface smoothness that can easily spread the adhesive evenly and thoroughly and bonding ability of chips can give proper physical properties. 2) It shows more mechanical properties at the press time of 10 min. in MOR (Modulus of Rupture), MOE (Modulus of Elasticity) and SHA (Screw Holding Ability). 3) It is not significant according to the press time 20 min. in MOR, IBS (Internal Bonding Strength) and SHA, for the reciprocal actions between the accelerating aging effect of chip and the softening effect of adhesion are occured. 4) IBS is rising according to the increasing temp at the press time of 10 min. Because it needs to transfer the plate heat to make the proper hardening temp. In the layer. 5) The heat treatment effects have greatly influenced the stahility of dimension by falling the absorption, anisotropy and inhomegenity. As a result of these the values of thickness and linear expansion ratio were respectively dropped by the increase of press temp and the time and so did absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the suitability of six domestic wheat cultivars for the Korean-style steamed bread made under optimal conditions. Six wheat flours milled from cultivars of Greu, Kumgang, Eunpa, Taptong Kobun, and Allgreu contained 13.8, 13.7, 13.7, 13.0, 11.7, 11.0% of protein. Control bread was made from blend (protein 10.5%) of 50% high strength and 50% low strength wheat flours milled from imported wheats. The volume of steamed bread made from Kumgang was highest followed by Eunpa, Tapdong, Kobun, Greu, control bread, Allgreu. Especially, the bread qualities of Kumgand and Kobun were superior to the control bread, showing better surface characteristics such as smoothness, glossiness, and whiteness, better shapes and desirable texture. Domestic wheat flours, having medium strength with high protein content above 13.0% were suitable for steamed bread except for Greu. Volumes of steamed bread made from domestic wheat flours were correlated with protein and ash content, flour color (L value), farinograph dough development time and stability, whereas spread ratio, total bread score and overall acceptability were correlated with farinograph dough stability It is concluded that flour quality is more important factor than protein content when domestic wheat flours are chosen for Korean-style steamed bread

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.224-233
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• 2016

Embedded Railway Systems (ERS) will be adapted for wireless trams and will be constructed along city roadways. An asphalt layer should be overlaid on top of the concrete slab used as the trackbed structure in order to ensure smoothness and surface levels equal to those of existing road pavement in downtown city areas. However, the characteristics of an asphalt layer when used as overlay pavement for an ERS are complicated and the behavior of this material is not yet well defined and understood. Therefore, in this study, laboratory shear and tensile bond strength tests were conducted to investigate the bonding behavior of an asphalt layer in a multilayered trackbed section of an ERS. For the laboratory tests, a waterproof coating material was selected as a bonding material between the asphalt overlay and a concrete specimen. Valuable design parameters could be obtained based on the tensile and shear bond strength test results, providing information about the serviceability and durability of the overlaid pavements to be constructed alongside the ERS for wireless trams. In addition, a deformation analysis to assess the tensile strain generated due to truck axle loads at the interface between the asphalt layer and the concrete slab was conducted to verify the stability and performance of the asphalt layer.