• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Background: In this study, the abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle were compared by performing four exercises, namely the short foot exercise, the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension, the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 1kt on the sole, and the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 2kg on the sole. Methods: Four short foot exercises as described above were performed by 20 healthy adult males and females. The abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle were measured and analyzed by surface electromyography and the Kinovea software program. Results: The short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension, short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 1kg on the sole, and the short foot exercise with 2^nd~5^th toe extension with a load of 2kg on the sole showed significantly higher abductor hallucis activity than the short foot exercise alone. Among these, the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension was the most effective. All exercises showed a significantly decreased medial longitudinal arch angle post-exercise than pre-exercise, and the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension showed a significantly decreased medial longitudinal arch angle compared to the other three exercises. Conclusion: It is believed that the short foot exercise with the 2^nd~5^th toe extension can be proposed as an effective exercise that can replace the short foot exercise alone.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

Purpose : This study purposed to analyze how dynamic stabilization exercise on an unstable surface, and static stabilization exercise on muscle strength and endurance. Methods : For this study we sampled 9 people for the unstable surface dynamic stabilization exercise group, 9 for the stable surface static stabilization exercise group, and 9 for the control group. In order to examine muscle strength and endurance, we measured changes in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using a dynamometer before, 3 weeks after, and 6 weeks after the experiment. Results : First, with regard to change in muscle strength, flexion strength showed a significant change in interaction by time (p<0.05). Extension strength showed a significant change in interaction by time (p<0.05). Second, with regard to change in endurance, flexion endurance showed a significant change in interaction by time (p<0.05). Extension endurance showed a significant change in interaction by time (p<0.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, this study confirmed significant changes in interaction between the groups and by time with regard to changes in muscle strength and endurance. These results suggest the potential of surface dynamic stabilization exercise as a clinical intervention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.129.1-129
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• 2003

A destructive stem rot of strawberry (cv. Akihime) occurred sporadically in farmers' fields around Daegok-Myeon, Jinju City, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected plants showed stem and crown rot, sometimes whole plant blighted. White mycelia spread over stems of infected clones and sclerotia formed on the old lesions near to soil surface. The fungus formed white colony on PDA and showed maximum mycelial growth and scleotial formation around 30$^{\circ}C$. The fungus usually have many narrow mycelial strands in the aerial mycelium and the width were 4.0∼10.0$\mu\textrm{m}$. The typical clamp connections were formed on the mycelium. The shape of sclerotia was globoid and 1.0∼2.8 mm in size. The fungus was isolated repeatedly from the infected tissues and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. The fungus was inoculated to strawberry and confirmed its pathogenecity This is the first report on the stem rot of strawberry caused by Scierotium rolfsii in Korea.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.801-803
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• 2004

The current drive in an MOSFET is limited by the intrinsic channel resistance. All the other parasitic elements in a device structure playa significant role and degrade the device performance. These other resistances need to be less than $10{\%}-20{\%}$ of the channel resistance. To achieve the requirements, we should investigate the methodology of separation and quantification of those resistances. In this paper, we developed the extraction method of resistances using calibrated TCAD simulation. The resistance of the extension region is also partially determined by the formation of a surface accumulation region that forms under the gate in the tail region of the extension profile. This resistance is strongly affected by the abruptness of the extension profile because the steeper the profile is, the shorter this accumulation region will be.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.04a
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• pp.90-94
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• 1992

ACI318-89 Recommened that when the specified compressive strength of concrete in a column is greater than 1.4 times that specified for a floor system, top surface of the column concrete shall extend 2ft (600mm) into the slab from the face of column to avoid unexpected brittle failure. The major variables are extension distance, compressive strength of concrete (f'c), shear confinement ratio(Vs), and loading types. The test results showed that the load capacity of the specimen subjected to monotonic loading had more than that of the specimen subjected to one way cyclic loadings. The failure models of specimens under cyclic loading were concentrated at 5∼20cm apart region from beam-column joint face. Ducility index(μf) are increased with increasing of shear confinement ratio. The specimen with 2ft extension distance shows more ductility than specimen with lft extension distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.531-536
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cultural soil textures on growth and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer from 2009 to 2010. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The growth of stem and leaf were superior to one year old G. uralensis, and surface runner and root growth tended to be better in 2 years old G. uralensis. The weight of stem and leaf were heavy in sandy loam, and plant height, branches, stem diameter in sandy clay loam were better than other soil texture. The growth characteristics, such as length, number and weight of surface runner, was better in order of sandy clay loam > sandy loam > loamy sand. The length of main and lateral root was longer in loamy sand soil than other treatments, and the diameter of main and lateral root was more thicker in sandy loam than others. The number of lateral root was higher in the sandy loam than other treatments. The yield of main and lateral root was in order of sandy loam > sandy clay loam > loamy sand soil. Marketable root yield of one year old and two year old G. uralensis were increased 57% and 71% in sandy loam compare to a loamy sand as 204 kg/10 a, respectively. The content of glycyrrhizinic acid was the hightest as 1.62% in sandy clay loam soil in one year old, and as 1.58% in sandy loam soil in two years old of G. uralensis, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Purpose : This study aimed to prove that surface electromyography(SEMG) can be used to identify the degree of symptoms of diseases in the upper extremities; it also aimed to confirm various potential therapeutic effects through an inquiry into the value measured by the SEMG on certain acupuncture points in the upper extremities. Methods : Fifty healthy people received instructions for the method of exercise: wrist flexion, extension and hand grasping. Disposable electrodes were attached to acupuncture points of Susamni($LI_{10}$), Naegwan($PC_6$), Oegwan($TE_5$) and below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun on both sides in flexion, extension and grasping to measure the SEMG values. The research results were analyzed using SPSS statistics Ver. 22.0(IBM, USA). Results : The average value was highest on Naegwan($PC_6$) in grasping, and the average SEMG value was higher in the order of grasping, extension and flexion. The asymmetry index of each point was Susamni($LI_{10}$) $16.26{\pm}13.59%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $20.38{\pm}15.59%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $20.89{\pm}16.77%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $22.49{\pm}14.91%$ in wrist extension, Susamni($LI_{10}$) $25.99{\pm}21.44%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $21.15{\pm}15.94%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $19.62{\pm}15.46%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $19.93{\pm}16.85%$ in wrist flexion, Susamni($LI_{10}$) $16.60{\pm}12.21%$, Oegwan($TE_5$) $10.94{\pm}8.29%$, below Sohae($HT_3$) two cun $15.20{\pm}12.60%$, Naegwan($PC_6$) $11.68{\pm}7.77%$ in grasping. Conclusions : In this study, to identify the degree of symptoms of diseases in the upper extremities and confirm therapeutic effects, it is necessary to analyze the calculated percentage and compare the SEMG measurement of special points with those of other points, and with the asymmetry index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2017

This study was to evaluate methods to high quality food ramie rice cake, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different covering material on stable winter survival management with edible leaf in Ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.). The method of winter survival with covering material were conducted under three condition compose to Non covering, Rice straw cutting covered with 500kg.10a-1, Rice husks covered with 1,000kg.10a-1(covered 4~5 cm thickness in the soil surface). Method of application were standard application(N-P-K-Compost applied at 27-9-27-600kg.10a-1. Compost and fused phosphate applied at 100% of basal fertilizer in March 25. 20% of top dressing were four times application in March 25 - October 5. Planting year were March 15, 2011. Plants were spaced 60 cm apart in rows 25 cm apart with open cultivation. According to non covering < Rice husks covered with 1,000kg.10a-1 < Rice straw cutting covered with 500kg.10a-1 cultivation this order, aerial part as a result were plenty amount of growth. Sprout time and winter survival rates was uncovering control plot compared to 2 - 5 days quickly, 45-57% highly by rice husks and rice straw covering. Green leaf yields is untreated control plot (12,44 kg.10a-1) compared to rice husks covering 7% higher, and rice straw covering increased to 18% of the most.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between the muscle activity and kinematic variables of the upper extremity during a push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy subjects. Subjects completed the push-up task on stable and unstable surfaces. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, infraspinatus to monitor changes in muscle activity. Markers for kinematic changes of elbow flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder retraction and scapular adduction were attached at C7, the T7 spinous process, both acromions, the scapula superior and inferior angle, the humerus lateral epicondyle, and the ulnar styloid process. Correlation coefficients between muscle activity and kinematic variables were analyzed by SPSS for Windows, version 15.0. Results: On the unstable surface, elbow flexion and shoulder extension increased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior, upper trapezius and infraspinatus. On the stable surface, shoulder retraction decreased with increasing muscle activity of serratus anterior and infraspinatus. Scapular adduction decreased with all types of increasing muscle activity, regardless of the support surface. Conclusion: Correlations between muscle activity and kinematic variables were observed on stable and unstable surfaces during a push-up task, while correlations between right and left variables were not clear. These finding suggest that it may be used to develop a rehabilitation program which could be effective in improving shoulder function in patients with shoulder problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to classify somatotype of males, to show changes of the body skin surface by the somatotype. The size of sample was 156 males between age 20 and 24. Somatotype classified into Bending somatotype, Standard somatotype, Turning over somatotype. And according to the somatotype, changing of the upper part of the body by the arm movements analyzed through gypsum experiment. The result obtained from this study were as follows; 1. the variation of the upper part of the body form by changing the am movements, by the increasing of movements, shoulder-point ws moved to be inside or upside, the anterior armpit point & armpit point were moved to the upside. 2. As a result of investigating into the rate of the expansion and contraction of the basic lines and body surface area by the arm movements, the rate of expansion and contraction of the basic lines by the arm movements, the side sea length showed the maximum rate of extension in 135 degrees, the shoulder length showed the maximum rate of contraction in 135 degrees. The rate of expansion and contraction on the body surface area by the arm movements showed the phenomenon of contraction, of items F1, F6, B1, B9 showed the phenomenon of extension, of items F3, F4, F8, F9, B8, B9. 3. According to somatotypes, items which show the significant difference were, of items f3, f8, b3, b8, F2, F7, F8, B3, B7, in all movements.