• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

A GPS-drifter was newly designed to observe the sea surface skin current and to estimate the direct wind effect on the sea surface. After conducting a test to establish and verify the accuracy of the GPS itself in the laboratory, in-situ experimental campaigns at Saemangeum in Gunsan city and Haeundae in Busan city, Korea, were carried out to ascertain the drifter track and to estimate the velocity data set on Oct. 3, 15, 23, 27 and Nov. 25, 2011. The current meters, RCM9 and ADCP, were moored together to remove the background current field, and the wind data were obtained from several marine stations such as towers and buoys in these areas. The drifter-observed velocity show good agreement with the flow obtained by the HF radar in the Saemangeum area. The direction of the wind-driven current extracted from the drifter-observed velocity was completely deflected to the right, however the degree of the angle was different according to the drift types. The average speed of the wind-driven current matched with 2.19~2.81% of the wind speed and the deflection angle was about $8.0{\sim}10.9^{\circ}$ without adjustment for the land-sea effect, and about 2.19~2.84% and $4.1{\sim}6.0^{\circ}$ with the adjustment for the land-sea effect.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-107
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• 1994

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated by using the operational SST derivation equations of NOAA/NESDIS were compared with satellite-tracked drifter temperatures. As a result of eliminating cloud-filled or contaminated pixels through several cloud tests, 69 matchup points between the drifter temperatures and the SSTs estimated with NOAA satellite 9, 10. 11 and 12 data from August, 1993 to July, 1994 were collected. Multi-channel sea surface temperature(MCSST) using a split window technique showed an approximately $1.0{\circ}C$ rms error as compared with the drifting buoy temperatures for 69 coincidences. Accuracies for satellete-derived sea surface temperatures were evaluated for only NOAA-11 AVHRR data which had relatively large matchups of 35points as compared with other satellites. For the comparison of the oberved temperatures with the calculated SSTs, linear MCSST and nonlinear cross product sea surface temperature(CPSST) algorithms by the split, the dual and the triple window technique were used respectively. As a result, the split window CPSSTs showed the smallest rms error of $0.72{\circ}C$. Defferences between the split window SSTs and the drifter temperatures appeared th have a linear tendency against the drifter temperatures and also against the differences between AVHRR channel 4 and 5 brighness temperatures. This indicates some possibilities that satelite-derived SSTs operationally calculated from the NOAA/NESDIS equation in the seas around Korea have been underestimated as compared with actural SSTs in case sea water temperature is relatively low or the atmosphere over the sea surface is very dry like in winter, while overstimated in case of high temperature or very moist atmospheric equations based on local sea measurements around Korea instead of global measurements should be derived.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2006

Argo drifters provide information of the vertical structure in the water column and have a potential for the improvement of understanding phytoplankton primary production and biogeochemical cycles in combination with ocean color satellite data, which can obtain the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Our examples show that using Argo drifters with satellite-measured horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass at the sea surface allow an improved understanding of the development of the spring bloom. The other possible uses of Argo drifter are discussed.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

드리프터는 국산화개발에 어려움을 겪고 있는 장비이며, 외국선진사의 제품을 데드카피 하여도 시제품의 성능이 뒤떨어지는 현상이 발생하여 왔다. 본 논문은 천공기의 핵심부품인 드리프터의 해석모델을 활용하여 성능격차를 유발하는 요소를 분석하는 사례를 보여준다. 진행절차는 다음과 같다. 우선, 타격시험을 수행하여 해석모델의 신뢰성을 확보한다. 그리고 해석모델을 활용하여 외국선진사 제품과 시제품의 성능비교그래프를 도출한다. 마지막으로 해석모델의 변수를 분석하여 성능격차를 유발하는 인자에 접근한다. 사용된 소프트웨어는 독일 ITI사에서 개발된 SimulationX이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

해양 뜰개는 해수면을 떠다니며 해양 기상 등을 관측하는 장비로, 뜰개를 통해 관측한 데이터는 해양 기상 예측, 유류유출 예측 등의 상황에서 활용된다. 관측 데이터는 관측 시에 오측(error data) 또는 결측(missing data)이 발생할 수 있으며, 오측 또는 결측된 데이터가 포함 될 경우, 데이터를 사용하는 모델들의 정확도가 떨어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터 보정을 위한 방법으로 순환신경망을 이용한 데이터 보정 모델을 제안한다. 2015년 7개, 2016년 8개의 뜰개를 통해 수집한 해양 데이터를 이용한 보정 실험 결과와 보정 결과를 검증하기 위한 뜰개 이동 예측 실험을 설명하며, 실험 결과, 데이터 보정을 통해 13.9%의 데이터가 보정되었으며, 이동 예측 모델의 성능이 1.4% 향상되는 것을 보였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.663-675
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• 2011

Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) using the equations of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) / NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service) were validated over the seas around Korea with satellite-tracked drifter data. A total 1,070 of matchups between satellite data and drifter data were acquired for the period of 2009. The mean rms errors of Multi- Channel SSTs (MCSSTs) and Non-Linear SSTs (NLSSTs) were evaluated to, in most of the cases, less than $1^{\circ}C$. However, the errors revealed dependencies on atmospheric and oceanic conditions. For the most part, SSTs were underestimated in winter and spring, whereas overestimated in summer. In addition to the seasonal characteristics, the errors also presented the effect of atmospheric moist that satellite SSTs were estimated considerably low ($-1.8^{\circ}C$) under extremely dry condition ($T_{11{\mu}m}-T_{12{\mu}m}$ < $0.3^{\circ}C$), whereas the tendency was reversed under moist condition. Wind forcings induced that SSTs tended to be higher for daytime data than in-situ measurements but lower for nighttime data, particularly in the range of low wind speeds. These characteristics imply that the validation of satellite SSTs should be continuously conducted for diverse regional applications.

• 한국연안방재학회지
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• 제4권spc호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2017

In this study, surface currents measured by small lagrangian GPS drifters (Aquadrifter) in Anmok coastal waters were analysed to account for the variability of nearshore surface current and wave-induced current to understand sediment transport mechanism near the crescentic bars in the surf-zone and near Kangneung breakwater and submerged breakwater in Anmok. The 8 times lagrangian drifter experiments were conducted mostly during in 2nd, 3rd, 4th intensive measurements in winter, summer, and spring seasons with long-term wave observation at the station W1. The analysed surface currents near the breakwaters in Anmok show that wave-induced currents at the middle of the submerged breakwater were separated and flowed toward the shoreline but offshore currents were dominant through the channels between the breakwaters. The longshore currents near the shoreline were flowed to the northwest (southeast) depending on the incoming waves from ENE (NNE). The surface nearshore offshore currents were generated mostly by waves and winds in case of high and low wave energy environments. Using the small-size lagrangian surface drifter experiments, we successfully measured longshore and offshore wave-induced currents in the surf-zone and near submerged breakwater close to Kangneung breakwater. The drifter experiment results show the availability of direct observation of nearshore surface currents to understand the mechanism of sediment transport analysing observed wave-induced current and ebb-current in the surf-zone generated by incoming waves and local winds.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2018

In the present study, we assess the GloSea5 (Global Seasonal Forecasting System version 5) near-surface ocean current forecasts using globally observed surface drifter dataset. Annual mean surface current fields at 0-day forecast lead time are quite consistent with drifter-derived velocity fields, and low values of root mean square (RMS) errors distributes in global oceans, except for regions of high variability, such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Kuroshio, and Gulf Stream. Moreover a comparison with the global high-resolution forecasting system, HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), signifies that GloSea5 performs well in terms of short-range surface-current forecasts. Predictions from 0-day to 4-week lead time are also validated for the global ocean and regions covering the main ocean basins. In general, the Indian Ocean and tropical regions yield relatively high RMS errors against all forecast lead times, whilst the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans show low values. RMS errors against forecast lead time ranging from 0-day to 4-week reveal the largest increase rate between 0-day and 1-week lead time in all regions. Correlation against forecast lead time also reveals similar results. In addition, a strong westward bias of about $0.2m\;s^{-1}$ is found along the Equator in the western Pacific on the initial forecast day, and it extends toward the Equator of the eastern Pacific as the lead time increases.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

위성자료를 이용하여 동해북부 원산 연근해역의 재발생 와동류에 대한 형태변동, 유속, 발생기작 등을 연구하였다. 1999년 1월 4일부터 3월 18일까지의 기간에 대한 ARGOS의 표류부이 자료(위치정보 및 수온), NOAA 위성의 AVHRR 자료(표면수온) 그리고 Orbview-2 위성의 SeaWiFS 자료(클로로필 a)를 이용하여 재발생 와동류의 수평공간 규모를 파악하였다. 또한 재발생 와동류의 기작과 변동원인을 규명하고자 속초와 울릉도에서의 풍향, 풍속자료, 묵호-울릉도간 해수면 차 값 및 해저지형과 와동류에 포획되어 있는 표류부이의 시.공간적 위치변동간의 상관정도를 파악하였다. 원산 연안해역에서의 와동류의 72일간 평균유속은 153 km/h (42 cm/sec)로 분석되었다. 이 와동류는 cold core, 시계방향의 회전, 직경 110 km의 수평공간을 가진 재발생 와동류로서 와동류의 중심은 위도 $39^{\circ}N$, 경도 $129^{\circ}E$로 분석되었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.208-225
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• 2019

동해의 평균 표층 순환과 표층 해류의 변동성을 이해하기 위하여 1991년부터 2017년까지 동해를 지나간 표층 뜰개들의 궤적을 분석하였다. 표층 뜰개 자료를 분석하여 동해 표층 해류들을 그 주경로 별로 분류하고, 이들 해류의 변동을 조사하였다. 동한난류는 한국 동해안을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르며 $36{\sim}38^{\circ}N$에서 이안한 후 동해 중앙($131{\sim}137^{\circ}E$)에서 동쪽으로 흐른다. 이때 해류 경로의 평균 위도는 $36{\sim}40^{\circ}N$의 범위를 가지며, 남북으로 큰 진폭을 갖고 사행한다. 표층 뜰개 경로의 평균 위도가 $37.5^{\circ}N$ 이남(이북)일 때 사행진폭이 상대적으로 크며(작으며) 진폭은 약 100 (50) km이다. 동해 중앙에서 표층 뜰개들은 $37.5{\sim}38.5^{\circ}N$를 따라 동쪽으로 흐르는 경로를 가장 빈번하게 지나간다. 동해 북부 블라디보스토크 연안에 투하된 표층 뜰개들은 연안을 따라 남서쪽으로 이동하다가 일본분지 서쪽에서 반시계방향 순환을 따라 남동쪽으로 이동한 후 $39{\sim}40^{\circ}N$에서 동쪽으로 사행하여 이동한다. 다음으로 동해를 $0.25^{\circ}$ 간격으로 격자를 나누어 각 격자를 통과하는 표층 뜰개들의 이동 속도 벡터 자료로 동해 평균 표층 해류 벡터장과 속력장을 구하였다. 그리고 $0.5^{\circ}$ 격자 간격으로 해류장의 분산타원을 계산하였다. 울릉분지 서쪽에서는 동한난류의 경로가 매년 변화하고, 야마토분지에서는 해류의 사행과 소용돌이가 많아 해류의 변동성(분산)이 크다. 표층 뜰개의 주 이동 경로, 평균 해류 벡터장, 분산을 모두 반영하여 표층 뜰개 자료에 근거한 동해 표층 해류 모식도를 제시하였다. 이 연구는 그동안 인공위성 고도계 자료를 이용하여 구한 표층 지형류와 해양수치모델로 모의한 해류를 중심으로 연구해 왔던 동해 표층 순환을 라그랑지 관측 자료를 통해 정리했다는 데 의의가 있다.