• Title/Summary/Keyword: Surface Mat

Search Result 223, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Evaluation of Non-slip for Vehicle's Environmental Sub-Mat (자동차용 친환경적인 Sub-Mat의 Non-Slip기능 평가)

  • Eo, Yu-Rim;Kim, Ki-Tai;Kim, Joo-Yong;Kim, Young-Su
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.177-182
    • /
    • 2012
  • Automotive sub-mat carpet for convenience and comfort of floor administration is additional supplemented floor mat. Sub Mat Backing of the current vehicle's materials reclaimed rubber, PVC, etc. are used, but secondary rubber and PVC Backing have bad sound absorption. Also rubber is heavy too. Contact surfaces between PET staple fiber, PET non-woven, PVC backing and car's floor carpet was measured the coefficient of friction for each sub-mat's non-slip evaluation. A surface of PET non-woven sub-mat has the highest coefficient of friction. Each of sample was observed by optical microscope the contact surfaces before and after. Contact surfaces of PET staple fiber sub-mat was changed increasingly to non-woven. This fact is shown that the sub-mat would be tangled between its contact surface and top of the floor carpet. It is expected to be highly non-slip. In case of PET non-woven sub-mat had not different for contact surfaces between before and after. And PVC backing was shown lower non-slip than other samples. The result of optical microscope and coefficient of friction is seems to be related.

  • PDF

Weed Occurrence, Rice Growth, and Soil Temperature as Affected by Different Biodegradable Mulching Materials in Wet Seeded Rice

  • Yang, Woon-Ho;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Je-Kyu;Han, Hee-Suk;Shin, Jeong-Ju
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.48 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2003
  • In spite water direct seeding cultivation of rice has advantages in terms of laborsaving and cost-down, it demonstrates uneven seedling establishment and difficult weed management. To select an applicable mat for mulching system of water seeded rice, weed occurrence, growth and yield performances of rice, and soil temperature were evaluated in several kinds of biodegradable mulching material. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of National Crop Experiment Station in 1999 and 2000. Among the mats tested in 1999, Safer-mat had the greatest effect on inhibiting weed occurrence and Lawn-mat demonstrated the least efficacy of weed control (EWC) value. In Safer-mat treatment, Ludwigia prostrata was the dominant weed species but Echinochloa crus-galli was not observed. Different kinds of mulching material from the mats studied in 1999 were tested in 2000. Biodegradable polyester (PES) coated on the recycled paper for newspaper press (RP) treatments showed similar or higher EWC values than non-mulched broadcast seed rice with 2 times of herbicide application (BC-herbicide) and Safer-mat that was the most effective mat on preventing weed appearance in 1999. Immediately after mat mulching on the surface of paddy soil, five pregerminated rice seeds were manually sown in each 3cm-hole formerly punctured at 30${\times}$14 cm spacing in 2000. All the 3 kinds of mulching material tested in 2000 had better seedling stand than BC-herbicide treatment. Rice yield in PES coated with 10 thickness on RP (PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$+RP) was a little higher than in BC-herbicide treatment but the former produced less panicles in unit land area than the latter. PES10 $\mu\textrm{m}$+RP demonstrated a great effect on raising soil surface temperature than non-mulching treatment throughout the period of seedling establishment.

Application of Atomic Layer Deposition to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

  • Kim, Eui-Hyun;Ko, Myeong-Hee;Hwang, Hee-Soo;Hwang, Jin-ha
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
    • /
    • 2014.02a
    • /
    • pp.478.2-478.2
    • /
    • 2014
  • Atomic layer deposition (ALD) provides self-limiting processes based on chemisorption-based reactions. Such unique features allow for superior step coverage, atomic-scale control in thickness, and surface-dependent reaction controls. Furthermore, the surface-limited deposition enables the artificial deposition of oxide and/or metallic materials onto the porous systems as long as the supply is guaranteed in terms of time in providing reactant species and removing the byproducts and redundant reactants. The unique feature of atomic layer deposition is applied to solid oxide fuel cells whose incorporates two porous cathode and anode compartments in addition to the ionic electrolyte. Specific materials are deposited to the surface sites of porous electrodes, with the aim to controlling the triple phase boundaries crucial for the optimized SOFC performances. The effect of ALD on the SOFC performance is characterized using current-voltage characteristics in addition to frequency-dependent impedance spectroscopy. The pros and cons of ALD-controlled SOFCs are discussed toward high-performance SOFC systems.

  • PDF

The Development of the Smart Sensibility Mat with Kangaroo Mother Care (캥거루 케어를 반영한 스마트 감성 매트의 개발)

  • Cho, Soo-Min
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.171-178
    • /
    • 2017
  • 'Smart Sensibility Mat (SSM)' was developed and manufactured for positive sensibility of newborn with fiber, digital, and sensibility technology to reflect features and advantages of kangaroo care. For tactile stimuli, the tube of the silicon material to provide a constant temperature of $32^{\circ}C$ was inserted into the mat and connected to the water-thermostat. To provide a uniform temperature throughout the mat, the fabric by the inserting conductive yarn was attached to the mat surface. After wrapping the mat with cotton pad, the polyurethane foam used as medicine in order to similar to the human skin was bonded to the surface of the mat. To provide the auditory stimuli of a level of 30dB with mother's heartbeat sounds and voice recorded in advance, the Bluetooth speaker was inserted into the mat. To investigate the effects of SSM, 10 newborns who born within two weeks were involved in this experiment. While the baby was lying on each of the general mat (GM) and SSM, the baby's physiological signals-heart rate, breathing rate, temperature- were measured and then, those were conducted t-test to examine the difference between the signals of SSM and GM. The results were as follows: heart rate (t=8.131, p<.001) and respiratory rate (t=7.227, p<.001) among the physiological signals of SSM decreased significantly than GM within the normal range. Temperature (t=1.062, p=0.292) at SSM showed a tendency to decrease than GM within the normal range. This means the tactile stimuli and the auditory stimuli providing from SSM give stable physiological responses. Thus, SSM leads to have psychological comfort and stability of newborns.

A new seat surface deformation measurement method for ergonomic seat evaluation (인간공학적 좌석평가를 위한 좌면 형상 변형측정에 관한 연구)

  • ;Saito, M.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
    • /
    • 1990.04a
    • /
    • pp.171-185
    • /
    • 1990
  • In order to measure the shape deformation of seat surfaces, an indentation measurement mat was devised. The 50cm * 50 cm mat containing small polyethylene beads were made using two sheets of polyurethane film. The indentation measurement mat was shaped by vacuuming between the subject and the testing seat. This method showed less than 5mm of deformation measurement error. Deformation of CADILLAC and MAXIMA seats were compared to demonstrate usefulness of the new method.

  • PDF

Mat Foundation Analysis Using Variable Node Plate Bending Element (변절점 굉판휨요소를 이용한 전면기초의 해석)

  • 최창근;김한수
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
    • /
    • 1992.04a
    • /
    • pp.7-12
    • /
    • 1992
  • The variable node plate bending element, ie, the element with one or two additional mid-side nodes is used in the analysis of mat foundation to generate the nearly ideal grid model in which more nodes are defined near the column location. The plate bending element used in this study is the one based on Mindlin/Reissner plate theory with substitute shear strain field and the nodal stresses of that element are obtained by the local smoothing technique. The interaction of the soil material with the mat foundation is modeled with Winkler springs connected to the nodal points in the mat model. The vertical stiffness of the soil material are represented in terms of a modulus of subgrade reaction and are computed in the same way as to the computation of consistent nodal force of uniform surface loading. Several mesh schemes were proposed and tested to find the most suitable scheme for mat foundation analysis.

  • PDF

Determination of Model Parameters of Surface Cover Materials in Evaluation of Sediment Reduction and Its Effects at Watershed Scale using SWAT (토양유실 저감을 위한 지표피복 저감효과 변수 결정 및 SWAT 모형 유역단위 효과 분석)

  • Kum, Donghyuk;Jang, Chun Hwa;Shin, Min Hwan;Choi, Joong-Dae;Kim, Bomchul;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol;Won, Chul Hee;Lim, Kyoung Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.28 no.6
    • /
    • pp.923-932
    • /
    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to determine parameters of surface cover materials and evaluation the effects on runoff and sediment reductions with rice straw mat with PAM at watershed scale using the SWAT model. In this study, 1) regression equation of CN for rice straw mat + PAM using SCS curve number method was developed, 2) the USLE P factor, being able to reflect simulation of rice straw mat + PAM in the agricultural field, was estimated for various slope scenarios with VFSMOD-w. Then regression equation for CN and USLE P factor were used as input data in the SWAT model. Assuming rice straw mat + PAM is applied to radish and potato fields, occupying 24% of agricultural fields at the study watershed. Result of direct runoff without rice straw mat + PAM was $65,964,368\;m^3,$ with rice straw mat + PAM, direct runoff was $65,637,336\;m^3$, $327,031.8\;m^3$ reductions compared without it. Also, result of sediment without rice straw mat + PAM was 163,531 ton, with rice straw mat + PAM, sediment was 84,779 ton, 78,752 ton reduction compared without it. This analysis showed that about 48% sediment reductions would be expected with rice straw mat + PAM. As shown in this study, rice straw mat + PAM would be used as an efficient site-specific BMPs to reduce runoff and sediment discharge from field.

ON NULL SCROLLS SATISFYING THE CONDITION ${\triangle}$H = AH

  • Pak, Jin-Suk;Yoon, Dae-Won
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.15 no.3
    • /
    • pp.533-540
    • /
    • 2000
  • In the present paper, we study a non-degenrate ruled surface along a null curve in a 3-dimensional Minkowski space E31, which is called a null scroll, an investigate some characterizations of null scrolls satisfying the condition H=AH, A Mat(3, ), where denotes the Laplacian of the surface with respect to the induced metric, H the mean curvature vector and Mat(3, ) the set of 3$\times$3-real matrices.

  • PDF