• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2012

Background Coverage of defects of the pretibial area remains a challenge for surgeons. The difficulty comes from the limited mobility and availability of the overlying skin and soft tissue. We applied variable pedicled perforator flaps to overcome the disadvantages of local flaps and free flaps on the pretibial area. Methods Eight patients who had the defects in the anterior tibial area were enrolled. Retrospective data were obtained on patient demographics, cause, defect location, defect size, flap dimension, originating artery, pedicle length, pedicle rotation, complication, and postoperative result. The raw surface created following the flap elevation was covered with a split thickness skin graft. Results Posterior tibial artery-based perforator flaps were used in five cases and peroneal artery-based perforator flaps in three cases. The mean age was 54.3 and the mean period of follow-up was 6 months. The average size of the flaps was 63.8 $cm^2$, with a range of 18 to 135 $cm^2$. There were no major complications. No patients had any newly developed functional deficit of the lower leg. Conclusions We suggest that pedicled perforator flaps can be an alternative treatment modality for covering pretibial defects as a simple, safe and versatile procedure.

• 농촌계획
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1997

The drastic change of mountain community, which have led existing villages to a size reduction or an extinction, makes this study concentrate on finding out the new community unit as a spatial zone of dayily life and agricultural production. The communality which has played a key role in a aura settlement consistency has been focused on the socio-economic aspect till now, neglecting the spatia] nature. The settlement-communality( SC) putting a stress on the spatial aspect can be, therefore, shapec as being multi-dimensional, composed of both a horizontally areal coverage on the surface of the residential place and a vertically hierarchial relationship between settlements, by analyzing thro( elements of communality that are the economic, socio -cultural and spatial activities. The research site is located administratively in Milan-Myoun, Pyoungchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do that ha: the characteristics as a typical mountain community. The results of field survey of which the method i: to draw the activity zone from an interview with every village's head and some residents with th( prepared questionaire can be summarized as followings. Firstly, the SC in almost all villages tended to be weakened or extincted, none the less, the spatia zone of that overally enlarged and got out of natural village unit(hamlet). However the areal coverall on which the SC has an influence reaches up to the alliant domain of a few villages generally congruen with the lowest level administrative district, Secondly, the economic and social activity pattern in village life has a tendency to be directly linked with a upper central place, so that has induced the function of a central village in the middle-low settlement hierarchy to be largely shrinked. Not only the conventional residents'access to goods service but also the recent service-delivers'access to residents has gradually formed the vertical communality with direct linkage between the upper and the bottom level settlements Lastly, the enfeeblement of the SC in the lowest settlement level tends to be supplemented by enlarging the horizontal zone of the SC or especially by strengthening the vertical direct linkage system. The very this point makes the mountain community open to the external world and also makes the spatial unit of community be multi-dimensional just like a cubic.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.53-53
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• 2011

As the dimension of Cu interconnects has continued to reduce, its resistivity is expected to increase at the nanoscale due to increased surface and grain boundary scattering of electrons. To suppress increase of the resistivity in nanoscale interconnects, alloying Cu with other metal elements such as Al, Mn, and Ag is being considered to increase the mean free path of the drifting electrons. The formation of Al alloy with a slight amount of Cu broadly studied in the past. The study of Cu alloy including a very small Al fraction, by contrast, recently began. The formation of Cu-Al alloy is limited in wet chemical bath and was mainly conducted for fundamental studies by sputtering or evaporation system. However, these deposition methods have a limitation in production environment due to poor step coverage in nanoscale Cu metallization. In this work, gap-filling of Cu-Al alloy was conducted by cyclic MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition), followed by thermal annealing for alloying, which prevented an unwanted chemical reaction between Cu and Al precursors. To achieve filling the Cu-Al alloy into sub-100nm trench without overhang and void formation, furthermore, hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the trench pattern with Ru barrier layer was conducted in order to suppress of Cu nucleation and growth near the entrance area of the nano-scale trench by minimizing adsorption of metal precursors. As a result, superconformal gap-fill of Cu-Al alloy could be achieved successfully in the high aspect ration nanoscale trenches. Examined morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and electrical properties of superfilled Cu-Al alloy will be discussed in detail.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2014

전자 소자의 구리 금속 배선은 전해 도금을 포함한 다마신 공정을 통해 형성한다. 본 총설에서는 배선 형성을 위한 구리 전해 도금 및 수퍼필링 메카니즘에 대해 다루고자 한다. 수퍼필링 기술은 전해 도금의 전해질에 포함된 유기 첨가제의 영향에 의한 결과이며, 이는 유기 첨가제의 표면 덮임율을 조절하여 웨이퍼 위에 형성된 패턴의 바닥 면에서의 전해 도금 속도를 선택적으로 높임으로써 가능하다. 소자의 집적도를 높이기 위해 금속 배선의 크기는 계속적으로 감소하여 현재 그 폭이 수십 nm 수준으로 줄어들었다. 이러한 배선 폭의 감소는 구리 배선의 전기적 특성 감소, 신뢰성의 저하, 그리고 수퍼필링의 어려움 등 여러 가지 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본 총설에서는 상기 기술한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 구리의 미세 구조 개선을 위한 첨가제의 개발, 펄스 및 펄스-리벌스 전해 도금의 적용, 고 신뢰성 배선 형성을 위한 구리 기반 합금의 수퍼필링, 그리고 수퍼필링 특성 향상에 관한 다양한 연구를 소개한다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2009년도 한국우주과학회보 제18권2호
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2009

In recent years, many candidates for extra-solar planet have been discovered from various measurement techniques. Fueled by such discoveries, new space missions for direct detection of earth-like planets have been proposed and actively studied. TPF instrument is a fair example of such scientific endeavors. One of the many technical problems that space missions such as TPF would need to solve is deconvolution of the collapsed (i.e. spatially and temporally) spectral signal arriving at the detector surface and the deconvolution computation may fall into a local minimum solution, instead of the global minimum solution, in the optimization process, yielding mis-interpretation of the spectral signal from the potential earth-like planets. To this extend, observational and theoretical understanding on the spectral bio-signal from the Earth serves as the key reference datum for the accurate interpretation of the planetary bio-signatures from other star systems. In this study, we present ray tracing computational model for the on-going simulation study on the Earth bio-signatures. A multi-layered atmospheric model and sea ice variation model were added to the existing target Earth model and a hypothetical space instrument (called AmonRa) observed the spectral bio-signals of the model Earth from the L1 halo orbit. The resulting spectrums of the Earth show well known "red-edge" spectrums as well as key molecular absorption lines important to harbor life forms. The model details, computational process and the resulting bio-signatures are presented together with implications to the future study direction.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2004

The constant correlation factors between the Temkin and the Langmuir or the Frumkin adsorption isotherms of over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) for the cathodic H2 evolution reaction (HER) at poly-Pt and Re/0.5M $H_2SO_4$ and poly-Ni/0.05 M KOH aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been experimentally and consistently found using the phase-shift method. At intermediate values of the fractional surface coverage $(\theta),\;i.e.,\;02<{\theta}<0.8$, the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms of OPD H for the cathodic HER are correlated to each other even though the adsorption conditions or processes are different from each other. At the same range of $\theta$, correspondingly, the Frumkin and Temkin adsorption isotherms of OPD H for the cathodic HER are correlated to each other. The equilibrium constants $(K_o)$ for the Temkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$ are consistently ca. 10 times greater than those (K, Ko) for the corresponding Langmuir or Frumkin adsorption isotherms ($({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$. The interaction parameters (g) for the Temkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$ are consistently ra. 4.6 greater than those (g) for the corresponding Langmuir or Frumkin adsorption isotherms $({\theta}\;vs.\; E)$. These numbers (10 times and 4.6) can be taken as constant correlation factors between the corresponding adsolftion isotherms (Temkin, Langmuir, Frumkin) at the interfaces. The Temkin adsorption isotherm corresponding to the Langmuir or the Frumkin adsorption isotherm, and vice versa, can be effectively verified or confirmed using the constant correlation factors. Both the phase-shift methodand constant correlation factors are useful and effective for determining or confirming the suitable adsorption isotherms (Temkin, Langmuir, Frumkin) of intermediates for sequential reactions in electrochemical systems.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2011

이소부탄의 산화탈수소반응(ODH)에 대한 $V_{0.9}Sb_{0.1}O_x$ 촉매계의 5가지 담지체의 촉진효과를 조사하였다. 사용된 5가지 담지체는 감마-알루미나, 알파-알루미나, 실리카-알루미나, 실리카겔, 마그네슘 산화물이다. 촉매는 사용된 담지체에 따라 그 효과가 다르게 나타났다: ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > $\alpha$-$Al_2O_3$ > Si-Al-O> $SiO_2$ $\approx$MgO$\gg$unsupported. V-Sb-O 비율은 별로 촉매 활성과 선택성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 촉매 성분들이 담지체에 골고루 잘 분포된 이유로 인해 감마-알루미나에 담지된 $V_{0.9}Sb_{0.1}O_x$ 촉매계가 성능이 제일 뛰어났다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 고밀도 광원 활용에 의한 유기금속화합물의 광분해 반응을 이용하여 AmBv 형광 전재료의 Hetero-epitaxy를 고찰하였다. 실제로 ArF Excimer laser(파장 193nm)에 의 하여 III족원으로 trlmethylgallium과 V족원으로 Ammonia의 2분자간 광분해 반응을 이용, (001)면 Sapphire 기판상에 증착시켰다. 생성되는 성막상태는 주사식 전자현미경, X-ray 회절 및 전자선 회절법 (RED)에 의하여 평가하였다. Laser광려기 유무에 따라 결정병합 상태 및 결정형태에 현저한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 특히 결정격자의 방위성에 큰 영향을 주고 있음이 주목되었다. 광원 조사방법은 수직조사에 의한 기판면 여기보다는 수평조사에 의 한 기상 반응물 여기가 더 효과적 이였다. Laser 광여기에 의한 성막층의 격자형성은 다음 과 같은 2가지 Model중 하나로 설명 할 수 있었다. (001)면 Sapphire//wurzite형 GaN의 (001) 면 또는 (001)면 Sapphire//wurzite형 GaN인의 (001) 면 -t Twinned Zincblende형의 GaN(111)면

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.515-525
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• 1994

Impression taking is a very important procedure in complete denture fabrication for reproduction of the tissue surface from which obtain retention and support of denture base. Therefore, we can not construct retentive denture without precise impression taking. Retention in complete denture can be obtained by the closest contact between denture base and underlying tissue, maximum coverage and proper displacement of the border tissue for peripheral sealing. Therefore, it is very important to take impression of the border tissue displaced properly. Nowadays, impression of the border tissue is mainly taken by the border molding techniques by means of manual muscle trimming, but due to various muscle trimming methods as clinicians, it is difficult to select proper method. This technique is also bodersome to do and time-consuming procedure. Retention is also likely reduced, because of the recording excessive muscle movement than actural physiological border tissue movement. Therefore, the impression technique that records actual physiologic functional muscle movement is helpful to increase denture retention and easy to do. We named this technique a functional border molding technique. This technique is originally introduced by D. J. Neill and R. I. Nairn in 1968. We tried to fabricate complete denture by the impression by means of functional border molding technique for better retention and the convenience, and obtained good results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2011

Purpose: The anterolateral thigh flap is versatile flap for soft-tissue reconstruction for defects located at various sites of the body. This useful flap offers a thick and vascular fascia lata component with large amounts that can be soft tissue coverage for different reconstructive purposes. We present our clinical experience with the use of vascular fascia lata, combined with anterolateral thigh flap for various reconstructive goals. Methods: From April 2008 to February 2011, we transferred anterolateral thigh flaps with fascia lata component to reconstruct soft-tissue defects for different purposes in 11 patients. The fascia lata component of the flap was used for tendon gliding surface in hand/forearm reconstruction in 4 patients, for reconstruction medial and lateral patellar synovial membrane and retinaculum in 2 patients, for reconstruction of plantar aponeurosis in the foot in 2 patients, for reconstruction of fascial and peritoneal defect in the abdominal wall in 2 patient, and for dural defect reconstruction in the scalp in the remaining one. Results: Complete loss of the flap was not seen in all cases. Partial flap necrosis occurred in 2 patients. These complications were treated successfully with minimal surgical debridement and dressing. Infection occurred in 1 patient. In this case, intravenous antibiotics treatment was effective. Conclusion: Anterolateral thigh flap has thick vascular fascia with large amounts. This fascial component of the flap is useful for different reconstructive aims, such as for tendon, ligament, aponeurosis defects, abdominal wall or dura reconstruction. It should be considerated as an important advantage of the flap, together with other well-known advantages.